The Colombian environmental penalty proceedings special reference to the presumption of guilt and deceit

La Constitución Política de Colombia asigna importancia a la protección del medio ambiente. Allí se encuentra un conjunto de disposiciones que conforman la llamada “Constitución Ecológica”. En esta medida el tema del medio ambiente, especialmente, el procedimiento ambiental sancionatorio, parece ser un tema de interés general, por lo cual en este artículo de reflexión se busca examinar éste frente a la garantía constitucional colombiana del debido proceso contemplado en el artículo 29 de la Carta y que prescribe que es aplicable a los procesos penales y administrativos. El mencionado proceso contempla subprincipios tan importantes para el Estado Constitucional como lo es la presunción de inocencia, el derecho de defensa y de contradicción. En la “ley 1333 de 2009, por medio de la cual se establece el procedimiento sancionatorio ambiental y se dictan otras disposiciones, se contempló una presunción de culpa y de dolo, estableciéndose un régimen de responsabilidad objetiva. Por ello, se confrontarán estos artículos con la Carta Política y la jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional que ha aceptado la responsabilidad objetiva en procedimientos tales como el tributario, económico, policivo, pero acuñados por unas limitantes especiales, las cuales se advierte que no se tuvieron en cuenta en este especial procedimiento ambiental sancionatorio.Abstract: The Constitution of Colombia gives importance to environmental protection. There is a set of provisions that make up the so-called Ecological Constitution. To this extent, the issue of the environment, especially the punitive environmental procedure seems to be a topic of general interest, so this article seeks to examine it against the Colombian constitutional guarantee of due process in its Article 29, which stipulates that it applies to criminal and administrative processes. The above process includes important principles to the National Constitution as it is the presumption of innocence, the right of defense and contradiction. In the 1333 law of 2009, through which states the penalty proceedings environmental and other purposes, it is stated a presumption of guilt and deceit, establishing a regime of strict liability. Therefore, these items will be confronted with the Constitution and the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court that has accepted the liability in procedures such as the tax, economic, policing, but coined by some special constraints, which notes that were not into account in this particular environment sanctioning procedure

A teoria do adimplemento substancial na alienação fiduciária de imóvel extrajudicial

A alienação fiduciária de imóvel, instituída pela Lei 9.514/97, prevê o procedimento de consolidação da propriedade do bem alienado em caso de inadimplemento do devedor, sendo tal procedimento totalmente extrajudicial. Ocorre que, a inexistência de limite ao direito do credor fiduciário na resolução do vínculo, ocasiona em abusos e onerosidade excessiva contra o devedor fiduciante. Ante esta realidade, e com base nos princípios gerais do direito, a aplicação da teoria do adimplemento substancial se mostra ideal. Entretanto, por não possuir previsão legal, sendo sua aplicação condicionada à interpretação subjetiva do magistrado, o que temos, em consequência, é uma grande insegurança jurídica. Para a solução deste problema, portanto, necessário se faz a normatização do adimplemento substancial na Lei 9.514/97, conferindo-lhe razoabilidade. Em que pese o desenvolvimento do presente trabalho, ressalta-se que foi utilizada a metodologia de pesquisa bibliográfica e descritiva, e a conclusão deu-se a partir do método dedutivo. O objetivo, aqui, é demonstrar a problemática existente em nosso ordenamento e propor uma solução plausível, para que esteja protegido veementemente, o direito social à moradia, previsto no art. 6º da Constituição Federal.

Resources to Promote Senior Independence

Resources to Promote Senior Independence Introduction Our group of five students from Seattle Pacific University\u27s Lydia Green nursing program assessed the community of an independent senior apartment complex that provides affordable housing for adults aged 65+ in the Seattle area run under Sustainable Housing for Ageless Generations (SHAG). This assignment is for our leadership project and occurred over an 8-week period. During this time, we applied the nursing process to assess, diagnose, plan, and implement an intervention specific to a population\u27s needs. The community faced issues of resource access, exacerbated by the population\u27s low income and age. Our focus was to provide greater accessibility and visibility of resources regarding transportation, food access, technology, financial assistance, health and wellness, and safety. We produced a resource booklet directed by the site\u27s needs with the goal of improving quality of life and health related outcomes. Background Located in the Highland Park neighborhood of West Seattle, WA, this community functions as low-income housing. The site administrator reported that the average age is 73 and average income is $2,185 a month. Among the seniors living in the apartments, there are many living with mental and physical health requirements, as well as physical disabilities that limit their daily activities. There is a general disparity in the health care and maintenance of the elderly population, leading to poor health outcomes, delayed healthcare, and unmet needs (Yamada et al., 2015). Within this community they are at further risk due to low socioeconomic status (SES) (McMaughen, 2020). Associated with this age group and low SES there is a prevalence of depression among individuals over the age of 65 ranging from 7.2% to as high as 49%, which is influenced by access to care, resources, and availability of daily needs (Andrew et al., 2019).The combination of age-related disparities with limited income leads to a need for 3 outside resources. These are needed to help afford and attain their daily needs including transportation, food security, social services, and mental health. Not only do social services benefit older adults, but there is a high demand and utilization of these services in this population (Yang et al., 2021). Activities and Methods Our process began by establishing in-person connections with the site, meeting the Program Manager and Resident Volunteer onsite. We received a brief overview and learned what recent changes the community is going through. We learned they had recently lost a partnership with a resident site coordinator (RSC) who was able to provide on-site services to help residents access much-needed resources that are not easily accessible. After the loss of the RSC, residents struggled to find and access resources to adequately meet their needs. We concurred that the main risk for this population is a resource deficit leading to a risk for impaired health and care. As the primary need became evident, we composed a survey to assess the more specific resources needed. This survey found the perceived needs are transportation, food security, health insurance, technological support, and mental health services. This demand led to our goal to provide a simple, accurate, and directed resource binder to address this community\u27s self-reported needs by the end of our eight weeks. The following weeks were spent compiling resources available in the greater Seattle area and ones locally accessible. We found help interviewing and obtaining tips from the past RSC and weekly feedback from the site manager. We also worked to make our resources accessible to the residents. We learned through our conversations as well as research that the prevalence of limited health literacy is high among older adults (up to 50%) and is associated with poor access to health care and decreased use of the internet (Scheerens et al., 2021). Studies that analyzed older adults use of technology for resources found that the number one barrier was access (Haase 4 et al., 2021). This prompted us to explore technology programs available that supply free or affordable phones and internet. To ease access, we also created an online version of our resource booklet. Outcomes Our project resulted in a resource binder that comes with phone numbers, websites, and in-depth instructions. This printed version will be available to the tenants in every housing unit, as well as the central office, with the addition of an online simplified version with hyperlinks directly to the resource (an application, an appointment, a number, etc.). Our goal was to make the resources accessible, simple, and easy to use. We used both evidence-based research and feedback from the residents and RSC to directly develop the tools around their needs. We believe our goal has been achieved. Conclusion Throughout the eight weeks of working with this site we were able to assess the population, find their specific needs, and work with them to formulate the resources needed. Through our binder and online version, we hope to provide this community with opportunities to increase and support their mental and physical needs and satisfaction at this site. One limitation we have recognized is the limited time for evaluation we have to see the effectiveness of our tools, as the binder is implemented in the final week of our project. We also acknowledge that our resources were limited by the number of survey responses we received and by those who have reached out for resources in the past. The use of our survey leads to report bias, which can result in missed resources by those who did not participate. In the end, our project is a tool for them to use to support their own health, bring awareness, and provide access to available resources. We hope future groups and management continue to contribute and update our resource binder and that it can be truly impactful and supportive to all those at this site. References Andreq, J. A., Brown, L. JE., Hawley, M. S., & Astell, A. J. (2019). Older Adult\u27s Perspectives on Using Digital Technology to Maintain Good Mental Health: Interactive Group Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 21(2), https://doi.org/10.2196/11694 Haase, K., Cosco, T., Kervin, L., Riadi, I., & O\u27Connell M. E. (2021). Older Adults Experiences With Using Technology for Socialization During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Crosssectional Survey Study. JMIR AGING, 4(2), https://doi.org/10.2196/28010 McMaughan, D. J., Oloruntoba, O., & Smith, M. L. (2020). Socioeconomic Status and Access to Healthcare: Interrelated Drivers for Healthy Aging. Frontiers in public health, 8(231), https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00231 Scheerens, C., Gilissen, J., Volow, AM., et al. (2021). Developing eHealth tools for diverse older adults: Lessons learned from the PREPARE for Your Care Program. J Am Geriatric Soc. 69(10):2939±2949. https://doi.org/10. 1111/jgs.17284 Yamada, T., Chen, C.-C., Murata, C., Hirai, H., Ojima, T., Kondo, K., Harris, J.R. (2015). Access Disparity and Health Inequality of the Elderly: Unmet Needs and Delayed Healthcare. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12(2), 1745-1772. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120201745. Yang, L., Wang, L., Di, X., & Dai, X. (2021). Utilization of Community Care Services and self-rated health among elderly population in China: A survey-based analysis with propensity score matching method. BMC Public Health, 21(1936), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11989-

Dispositivos jurídicos que pugnan las cláusulas abusivas en Colombia y Chile

Trade agreements between countries, allows a given growth in their economies, hence it is so important, by the time negotiations take into account the economic development of each country involved, and also the status that each one possesses internally to give full effect to the FTA have been signed. In this article an exhaustive search of those internal regulations present in both Colombia and Chile, was undertaken to counter the presence of unfair terms, they can be as damaging to a treaty, able to break the contractual balance that should prevail in negotiations between negotiating States. Therefore, mainly it is completed in the need for special regulations for preventive control, that not only warn about the existence of such conditions and its effects, but that represses its provision finally be the legislator called to exercise that control.Los acuerdos comerciales celebrados entre países permiten crecimiento en sus economías, de allí la importancia de tener en cuenta el desarrollo económico de cada país en juego en el momento de las negociaciones, así también el régimen jurídico que cada uno posee internamente para darle cabal cumplimiento al TLC suscrito. El presente artículo se desarrolla bajo una metodología deductiva, ya que las conclusiones son el resultado de las premisas planteadas, para el efecto se realizó una exhaustiva búsqueda de aquellas normativas internas presentes, tanto en Colombia como de Chile, para contrarrestar la presencia de cláusulas abusivas; éstas pueden ser tan lesivas en un tratado que son capaces de romper el equilibrio contractual que debe reinar en una negociación entre Estados negociadores. Por lo anterior, principalmente se concluirá en la necesidad de una normativa especial, para un control preventivo, que no solo advierta sobre la existencia de este tipo de clausulados y sus efectos, sino que reprima su estipulación siendo finalmente el legislador el llamado a ejercer ese control

Sign language translation from instructional videos

The advances in automatic sign language translation (SLT) to spoken languages have been mostly benchmarked with datasets of limited size and restricted domains. Our work advances the state of the art by providing the first baseline results on How2Sign, a large and broad dataset. We train a Transformer over I3D video features, using the reduced BLEU as a reference metric for validation, instead of the widely used BLEU score. We report a result of 8.03 on the BLEU score, and publish the first open-source implementation of its kind to promote further advances.This research was partially supported by research grant Adavoice PID2019-107579RB-I00 / AEI / 10.13039/501100011033, research grants PRE2020-094223, PID2021-126248OB-I00 and PID2019-107255GB-C21 and by Generalitat de Catalunya (AGAUR) under grant agreement 2021-SGR-00478.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Adrenal Cushing Syndrome Diagnosed during Pregnancy: Successful Medical Management with Metyrapone

Adrenal Cushing syndrome during pregnancy is rare, and there is limited information on the effect and safety of metyrapone treatment both for mother and fetus. We present a 24-year-old woman diagnosed with adrenal Cushing syndrome at the end of the second trimester. We elected treatment with metyrapone titrated to 250 mg 3 times daily, resulting in good clinical response and maternal serum and saliva cortisol levels in the upper half of the normal pregnancy range. A healthy male infant was born at 35 weeks\u27 gestation, with no clinical signs of adrenal insufficiency, this despite a low cortisol of 5 nmol/L on the first day of life. We measured metyrapone in maternal and umbilical cord blood samples, demonstrating fetal venous metyrapone levels similar to maternal venous concentration, and a fetal arterial cord concentration at about 60% of the fetal venous cord concentration. This case demonstrates that salivary cortisol levels may be used to monitor the effect of metyrapone on adrenal Cushing syndrome during pregnancy. We show, for the first time in humans, that metyrapone does cross the placenta and may suppress fetal cortisol production without necessarily causing clinical signs of adrenal insufficiency

Adrenal Cushing Syndrome Diagnosed during Pregnancy: Successful Medical Management with Metyrapone

Adrenal Cushing syndrome during pregnancy is rare, and there is limited information on the effect and safety of metyrapone treatment both for mother and fetus. We present a 24-year-old woman diagnosed with adrenal Cushing syndrome at the end of the second trimester. We elected treatment with metyrapone titrated to 250 mg 3 times daily, resulting in good clinical response and maternal serum and saliva cortisol levels in the upper half of the normal pregnancy range. A healthy male infant was born at 35 weeks\u27 gestation, with no clinical signs of adrenal insufficiency, this despite a low cortisol of 5 nmol/L on the first day of life. We measured metyrapone in maternal and umbilical cord blood samples, demonstrating fetal venous metyrapone levels similar to maternal venous concentration, and a fetal arterial cord concentration at about 60% of the fetal venous cord concentration. This case demonstrates that salivary cortisol levels may be used to monitor the effect of metyrapone on adrenal Cushing syndrome during pregnancy. We show, for the first time in humans, that metyrapone does cross the placenta and may suppress fetal cortisol production without necessarily causing clinical signs of adrenal insufficiency

Disentangling services in developing regions: A test of Kaldor's first and second laws

The paper analyses the contribution of services vis-à-vis manufacturing as a driving force of economic growth in developing regions. In doing so, we test Kaldor´s first and second growth laws for different service categories, providing a comparative view across Asia, Latin America, and Africa. The work focuses attention on the importance of sector-level disaggregation in exploring the relationship between productivity and economic growth. Hence, it accounts for services sector heterogeneity to help to disentangle those specific branches that may fuel economic growth in the different regions. Panel data estimations are performed for a sample of 32 countries during 1970–2010. Our findings support the key role of manufacturing for growth. However, they also emphasise how market services (particularly, business service activities) may also enhance productivity and output growth ‘à la Kaldor’. The research supports recent claims for modernising industrial policy in a way that promotes but is not limited to manufacturing

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia Bogotá – Cundinamarca.

https://yalejandra10462.wixsite.com/misitioSe realizó un reconocimiento conceptual hacia el enfoque narrativo, reconociendo esta herramienta útil para el abordaje e intervención con personas víctimas del conflicto armado, ya que aporta elementos que transforman esas historias de victimización y sentimientos de culpa, tristeza, miedo y dolor, en historias de sobrevivencia y esperanzadoras, para comprender aquellas historias acerca de la experiencia vivida moldeando identidades perdidas. Los estudiantes en formación ponen en práctica conocimientos adquiridos en supuestos éticos, epistemológicos de la acción psicosocial, realizando análisis de relatos desde la perspectiva narrativa del Libro: Voces. Relatos de violencia y esperanza en Colombia. Los estudiantes de Psicología, eligen el relato de Gloria, una mujer víctima del desplazamiento forzado junto a sus tres hijas menores de edad, donde relata hechos de gran impacto psicosocial, como la pérdida de su esposo por causa del conflicto con las fuerzas armadas, donde pasó grandes necesidades, humillaciones y discriminación al ser una mujer de color y desplazada, desde su relato personal, refleja fragmentos que permiten identificar recursos, sueños y esperanzas que la víctima tiene a pesar de los horrores vividos. Teniendo en cuenta el análisis de discurso narrativo del Relato de Gloria, se da respuesta a unas preguntas orientadoras establecidas donde se resaltan los esfuerzos personales, familiares, colectivos y comunitarios para romper ciclos de violencia e injusticia. Posteriormente los estudiantes formulan en total nueve preguntas de la siguiente manera: tres preguntas estratégicas, tres preguntas circulares y tres preguntas reflexivas, a partir del análisis del Relato de Gloria, imaginando tener la oportunidad de entrevistar a la protagonista del caso, orientadas hacia un acercamiento psicosocial ético y proactivo en la superación de las condiciones de victimización a sobreviviente. Se proponen acciones de apoyo y estratégicas de acompañamiento psicosocial sobre el caso Pandurí, la población presenta mucha desesperación y dolor por sus seres queridos, por las personas que se quedaron en el municipio y por sus viviendas. A las pocas horas se hace presente la Cruz Roja Colombiana, quien trae algunas frazadas, comida y algunos medicamentos. Para concluir, se realizó informe analítico y reflexivo de la experiencia de foto voz realizada en el paso 3, respectivas conclusiones de esta experiencia y link de la página wix realizada. Finalmente se relaciona las referencias bibliográficas consultadas referenciadas en normas APA.A conceptual recognition was made toward the narrative focus, we recognize this tool useful for approach and intervention with victims involved into armed conflict, due to this tool contributes some items that transform those histories about victimization, guilts, sadness, fear and pain, in histories about survival, for we can understand that histories about the experience that they’ve been living, modeling lost identities. The students in formation realize into the practice some knowledge that have been acquired in supposes ethics, epistemologics of the psychosocial action, realizing analysis of stories since the narrative perspective of the book: Voces. Stories about the violence and hope in Colombia. The students of psychology have chosen the Gloria’s Story, a victim woman of the displacement forced beside her three younger daughters, as she tells us facts of big impact psychosocial, like the loss of her husband due to the conflict with the weapon force, there, she was living some needs, humiliations and discriminations because she’s African American person and displaced person, since her personal story, she has shown fragments that allow identify resources, dreams and hopes that she has had, despite she has been into hard life. According the analysis of the narrative discourse by Gloria, that can be answered to some questions guiding where we can highlight the personal effort, familiar’s effort, collective’s effort and community effort for break those cycles of violence and unjust. After the students formulate nine questions of this form: three strategic questions, three circular questions and three reflexive questions. Those questions were formulated if we suppose that we be able to the opportunity to have an interview with she (Gloria). The students of psychology propose support actions and strategic actions, respect to the psychosocial accompaniment about the Pandurí case; the population present a lot desperation and pain for their loved ones. La Cruz Roja Colombiana was present a few hours later, who gave some food, blankets and some medicaments. To conclude, we have made an analytical and reflective report of the photo voice experience carried out in the Step 3, respectful conclusions of this experience and link to the wix page. Finally, I know relates the bibliographic references consulted and referenced in APA standards

Effect of Sequential Inoculum of Beta-Glucosidase Positive and Probiotic Strains on Brine Fermentation to Obtain Low Salt Sicilian Table Olives

In the present study, the \u3b2-glucosidase positive strain Lactobacillus plantarum F3. 3 was used as starter during the fermentation of Sicilian table olives (Nocellara Etnea cultivar) at two different salt concentrations (5 and 8%), in order to accelerate the debittering process. The latter was monitored through the increase of hydroxytyrosol compound. In addition, the potential probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei N24 strain was added after 60 days of fermentation. Un-inoculated brine samples at 5 and 8% of salt were used as control. The fermentation was monitored till 120 days through physico-chemical and microbiological analyses. In addition, volatile organic compounds and sensorial analyses were performed during the process and at the end of the fermentation, respectively. Lactic acid bacteria and yeasts were, in depth, studied by molecular methods and the occurrence of the potential probiotic N24 strain in the final products was determined. Results highlighted that inoculated brines exhibited a higher acidification and debittering rate than control ones. In addition, inoculated brines at 5% of salt exhibited higher polyphenols (hydoxytyrosol, tyrosol, and verbascoside) content compared to samples at 8% of NaCl, suggesting a stronger oleuropeinolytic activity of the starter at low salt concentration. Lactobacilli and yeasts dominated during the fermentation process, with the highest occurrence of L. plantarum and Wickerhamomyces anomalus, respectively. Moreover, the potential probiotic L. paracasei N24 strain was able to survive in the final product. Hence, the sequential inoculum of beta-glucosidase positive and potential probiotic strains could be proposed as a suitable technology to produce low salt Sicilian table olives