BANKRUPTCY OF FISHING RESOURCES: THE NORTHERN EUROPEAN ANGLERFISH FISHERY

Since 1983 the Northern European anglerfish fishery, exploited by fleets of seven countries, has been regulated using a policy of Total Allowable Catch (TAC). In this paper, the strategy followed by the European Union (EU) in distributing the established TAC among the seven countries is explored. It is inferred that the EU has utilized a weighted proportional rule, taking the average catches for the period l973–78 as the reference point. On the other hand, given that the fishery situation for the years 1993, 1994, and 1995 can be characterized as a bankruptcy problem, this paper also explores, as possible means of enriching the Common European Fishery policy, alternatives to this rule. This work proposes the application of two additional rules derived from game theory, the nucleolus and the Shapley value, and studies their properties. The analysis suggests that it may be worth considering not only the proportional distribution, but also the alternative rules.Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Los límites al crecimiento, el cambio climático y la innovación

The purpose of this article is to analyze what the environment and its’ management represents in terms of social innovation; the restrictions that the environment and planet care imply, the actions that have been adopted, the ways in which the different companies have reacted and what the future still holds. We will present this analysis by using to main examples: on the first hand, the problem concerning the limits to growth; on the other hand, the problem of climate changes. The solutions that are being proposed, from the mitigation, the use of market incentives (prices and taxes), the creation of markets for the rights to pollution, the “geo-engineer” solutions, the impulse for technologic innovation, are all clear examples of the ways in which society is confronting the problem.Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar lo que el medio ambiente y su gestión representa en términos de innovación social; las restricciones que el cuidado del medio ambiente y del planeta plantean, las medidas que se han adoptado, la forma en que las empresas han reaccionado y lo que nos depara todavía el futuro. Lo haremos utilizando dos ejemplos básicos: por un lado, el problema de los Límites al Crecimiento y por otro, el problema del Cambio Climático. Las soluciones que se están proponiendo, desde la mitigación, el uso de incentivos de mercado (precios e impuestos), creación de mercados de derechos de contaminación, soluciones “geo-ingeniereles”, impulso a la innovación tecnológica son claros exponentes de la forma en que la sociedad está enfrentándose al problema

X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements using an X-ray phase retarder on the BM25 A-SpLine beamline at the ESRF

6 páginas, 8 figuras.Circularly polarized X-rays produced by a diamond X-ray phase retarder of thickness 0.5 mm in the Laue transmission configuration have been used for recording X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) on the bending-magnet beamline BM25A (SpLine) at the ESRF. Field reversal and helicity reversal techniques have been used to carry out the measurements. The performance of the experimental set-up has been demonstrated by recording XMCD in the energy range from 7 to 11 keV.This work was partially supported by a Spanish CICYTMAT2008- 06542-C04 grant. MALM and RB acknowledge the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of Spain for their Postdoctoral and PhD grants, respectively. We also acknowledge the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas for financial support.Peer reviewe

Metavolcanic rocks from schistose domain of Galicia-Tras-os-Montes: petrography, geochemistry and tectonic environment (Galice, NW. Spain)

[Resumen] Se estudia el vulcanismo intercalado en los grupos litoestratigráficos inferiores que integran el Dominio Esquistoso de Galicia Tras-os-Montes (DEGTM) denominados de muro a techo Santabaía, Nogueira y Paraño. El grupo de LalínForcarei que completa la secuencia no será tratado en este trabajo. La edad de estos grupos debe comprender desde el Precámbrico hasta el Devónico Inf. Los tres grupos tiene un cierto carácter vulcanosedimentario, más marcado en el grupo de Santabaía que en los dos grupos superiores. Se encuentran en ellos diferentes niveles volcánicos y vulcanosedimentarios de espesor y continuidad lateral variables, correspondientes a neises microporfídicos de dos micas y ortoneises biotíticos, además de algún nivel de riolitas y tranquitas presentes hacia la parte alta del grupo de Paraño. Geoquímicamente se caracteriza por ser un vulcanismo ácido de naturaleza calcoalcalina en el que predominan los términos riolíticos y iodacíticos de alto contenido en K, posiblemente originado en la zona externa de un margen continental pasivo existente durante el Ordovícico-Silúrico en el NO. de la Península, en el que tendrían lugar diferentes episodios o etapas de aportes volcánicos alternando con etapas más largas de sedimentación detrítica.[Abstract] The Vulcanism interbedded in the lower litostratigraphic groups of the DEGTM is studied. Those gruoups are known as Santabaia, Nogueira and Paraño from bo~tom to top; The sequence is completed with the Lalín-Forcarei group that is not studied in this paper. The age of the whole sequence is probably, from Precambrian to lower Devonian. The three groups show volcano-sedimentary features which are dominant in the Santabaia group. Several volcanic and volcano-sedimentary levels with different thickness and extension are found; these correspond to two mica microporfidic gneisses and biotitic ortogneisses and seldom ryolites and trachites in the uppermost pan of the Paraño group. Geochemically correspond to acid calcoalcaline vulcanites with ryolites and K rich ryodacites as main types. These rocks are possibily related to an external area of a continental margin which existed during Ordovician-Silurian time in the NW of the Iberian Peninsula. Several volcanic stages would alternate with sedimentation in this geotectonic environment

Review of the evidence on the impact of school closures throught the evolution of the COVID19 pandemic

Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; 2019-nCoV; Centres educatius; ImpacteCoronavirus SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; 2019-nCoV; Centros educativos; ImpactoCoronavirus SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; 2019-nCoV; Schools; ImpactL'efecte concret del tancament d'escoles no s'ha pogut determinar a la primera onada a causa de la implementació solapada d'altres intervencions no farmacològiques, de l'important risc de biaix de la majoria dels estudis publicats i dels resultats contradictoris. Els estudis realitzats a regions/localitzacions amb baixa incidència de casos on es va realitzar una obertura controlada dels centres educatius, es va observar que no implicava un augment en el nombre de casos a la comunitat. Tenint en compte que el tancament dels centres educatius ha suposat un impacte negatiu a la salut mental d'una població vulnerable com és la infància i l'adolescència i que la reobertura dels centres educatius durant la pandèmia (de forma controlada) no s'ha considerat el responsable principal de l'augment de casos a la comunitat, i d'acord amb les recomanacions d'ECDC i OMS-UNESCO, el tancament d'escoles s'hauria de considerar com la darrera mesura a implementar per controlar la pandèmia per COVID-19 i tenir en compte factors com la situació epidemiològica i l’impacte d’altres INF abans de posar en marxa el tancament d’escoles.El efecto concreto del cierre de escuelas no ha podido determinarse en la primera ola debido a la implementación solapada de otras intervenciones no farmacológicas, del importante riesgo de sesgo de la mayoría de los estudios publicados y de los resultados contradictorios. Los estudios realizados en regiones/localizaciones con baja incidencia de casos donde se realizó una apertura controlada de los centros educativos, se observó que no implicaba un aumento en el número de casos en la comunidad. Teniendo en cuenta que el cierre de los centros educativos ha supuesto un impacto negativo en la salud mental de una población vulnerable como es la infancia y la adolescencia y que la reapertura de los centros educativos durante la pandemia (de forma controlada) no se ha considerado el responsable principal del aumento de casos en la comunidad, y de acuerdo con las recomendaciones de ECDC y OMS-UNESCO, el cierre de escuelas debería considerarse como la última medida a implementar para controlar la pandemia por COVID-19 y tener en cuenta factores como la situación epidemiológica y el impacto de otras INF antes de poner en marcha el cierre de escuelas.The concrete effect of school closure could not be determined in the first wave due to the overlapping implementation of other non-pharmacological interventions, the significant risk of bias in most of the published studies and the contradictory results. In the studies conducted in regions/locations with low incidence of cases, where a controlled opening of educational centers was carried out, it was observed that it did not imply an increase in the number of cases in the community. Considering that the closure of schools has had a negative impact on the mental health of a vulnerable population, such as children and teenagers, and that the reopening of schools during the pandemic (in a controlled manner) has not been considered to be the main responsible for the increase of cases in the community, and in accordance with ECDC and WHO-UNESCO recommendations, school closures should be considered as the last measure to be implemented to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Other factors, such as the epidemiological situation and the impact of other NPIs, have to be taken into account before implementing school closures

Fast Visible-Light Photopolymerization in the Presence of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes: Toward 3D Printing Conducting Nanocomposites

[EN] A new photoinitiator system (PIS) based on riboflavin (Rf), triethanolamine, and multiwalled carbon nanobutes (MWCNTs) is presented for visible-light-induced photopolymerization of acrylic monomers. Using this PIS, photopolymerization of acrylamide and other acrylic monomers was quantitative in seconds. The intervention mechanism of CNTs in the PIS was studied deeply, proposing a surface interaction of MWCNTs with Rf which favors the radical generation and the initiation step. As a result, polyacrylamide/MWCNT hydrogel nanocomposites could be obtained with varying amounts of CNTs showing excellent mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. The presence of the MWCNTs negatively influences the swelling properties of the hydrogel but significantly improves its mechanical properties (Young modulus values) and electric conductivity. The new PIS was tested for 3D printing in a LCD 3D printer. Due to the fast polymerizations, 3D-printed objects based on the conductive polyacrylamide/CNT nanocomposites could be manufactured in minutes.The authors are thankful for technical and human support provided by IZO-SGI SGIker of UPV/EHU. The authors would like to thank the European Commission for financial support through funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 823989

Simultaneous Culture and Biomachining of Copper in MAC Medium: A Comparison between Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans

Biomachining will not be considered as a full-scale manufacturing technology until a stable, controlled, and continuous metal removal rate (MRR) is achieved. In this research work, a novel strategy that could promote its industrial implementation, namely simultaneous bacterial growth and machining of copper contained in oxygen-free copper (OFC) workpieces, was investigated. This proposal has the major advantage of being a single-stage process, thereby reducing total operating times and becoming more economical in comparison with conventional biomachining (downtime due to bacterial growth would disappear). The study was carried out using mesophilic (Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans) and thermophilic (Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans) extremophile bacteria in order to prevent the progressive decrease in the amount of metal removed per unit time. A constant MRR of 43 mg h-1 was achieved with A. ferrooxidans in the simultaneous process. Despite the accomplishment of a constant MRR, this value is lower than the maximum MRR obtained in conventional biomachining (109 mg h-1), probably due to the inability of ferric ions to come into contact with the metallic surface. With regard to the culture period in MAC medium, S. thermosulfidooxidans showed a slower growth rate (0.11 h-1) and lower ferrous ion oxidation level (0.12 g Fe2+ L-1 h-1) than A. ferrooxidans (0.17 h-1 and 0.22 g Fe2+ L-1 h-1, respectively) under optimal pH (1.5) and Fe2+ concentration (6 g L-1) conditions.Fil: Diaz Tena, E.. Universidad del País Vasco; España. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales; ArgentinaFil: Gallastegui, G.. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Hipperdinger, Marcela Liliana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales; ArgentinaFil: Donati, Edgardo Ruben. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales; ArgentinaFil: Rojo, N.. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Santaolalla, A.. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Ramirez, M.. Universidad del País Vasco; EspañaFil: Barona, A.. Universidad de Cádiz; EspañaFil: Elías, A.. Universidad del Pais Vasco - Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Campus Bizkaia

Aspectes organitzatius de les Unitats de Gestió de Fractures a Catalunya: informe de resposta ràpida

Organització; Centres sanitaris; FracturaOrganización; Centros sanitarios; FracturaOrganization; Health centers; FractureAquest informe descriu les principals característiques organitzatives de les FLS en actiu disponibles als hospitals/centres sanitaris de Catalunya, així com conèixer el grau d’excel·lència d’aquestes FLS, mesurat segons les característiques de les FLS de tipus A de l’estudi de Ganda et al. 2013 (11)

Late Pleistocene climate of the northern Iberian Peninsula: New insights from palaeoglaciers at Fuentes Carrionas (Cantabrian Mountains)

Producción CientíficaNew Be dates for glacial landforms in the Fuentes Carrionas area (Cantabrian Mountains, nothern Spain) are presented. Mapped and dated landforms in Fuentes Carrionas made possible a palaeoglacier reconstruction for four glacial stages. Results were compared to other nearby palaeoenvironmental proxies, so a final approximation on the mean annual temperature and annual precipitation that caused the four glacial advance stages is proposed. Glaciers reached their maximum extension at 36 ka, in a cold and dry environment. A second advance stage took place between 18.5 and 19.5 ka, during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), when glaciers advanced in a wet environment, with positive rainfall anomalies. A third glacial advance was dated during the Oldest Dryas, in which climate shifted to extremely cold and dry conditions. Finally, a last stage has been identified and proposed to the Younger Dryas, in which precipitation anomalies are negligible. Our results confirm some of the previously made palaeoglacial and palaeoenvironmental inferences for the Iberian Peninsula, as well as provide Q4 valuable and accurate anomalies, which are useful for climate modelling.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (project CGL2015-68144-R

Técnicas endoscópicas bariátricas primarias en personas adultas con o sin diabetes mellitus tipo 2

Tècniques endoscòpiques bariàtriques; Adults; Diabetis mellitus tipus 2Técnicas endoscópicas bariátricas; Adultos; Diabetes mellitus tipo 2Bariatric endoscopic techniques; Adults; Diabetes mellitus type 2L'objectiu d’aquest informe és identificar i avaluar l’evidència disponible sobre l’eficàcia, efectivitat i seguretat de les tècniques endoscòpiques en el tractament primari de persones adultes amb obesitat, amb DM tipus 2 o sense, i formular recomanacions sobre la seva inclusió o no a la Cartera Comú de Serveis del Sistema Nacional de Salut espanyol.El objetivo de este informe es identificar y evaluar la evidencia disponible sobre la eficacia, efectividad y seguridad de las técnicas endoscópicas en el tratamiento primario de personas adultas con obesidad con o sin DM tipo 2 y formular recomendaciones sobre su inclusión o no en la cartera de servicios comunes del Sistema Nacional de Salud español.The aim of this report is to identify and evaluate all available evidence on efficacy, effectiveness and security of endoscopic techniques in primary treatment of adults with obesity with or without type 2 DM and to draw up recommendations on including them or not in the Health Portfolio of the Spanish National Health System