Association Between Taste Sensitivity And Self-reported And Objective Measures Of Salt Intake Among Hypertensive And Normotensive Individuals.

This study investigated the gustatory threshold for salt and its relationship with dietary salt intake among hypertensive (n = 54) and normotensive (n = 54) subjects. Salt intake was evaluated through 24-hour urinary sodium excretion and self-reported measures (discretionary salt, Sodium- Food Frequence Questionnaire (Na-FFQ), and 24-hour recall). Detection and recognition thresholds were higher among hypertensive subjects, as well as the total sodium intake. Detection and recognition thresholds were positively related to discretionary salt and total intake of the group as whole. Hypertensive and normotensive subjects presented positive correlations between taste sensitivity and the different measures of salt intake. To conclude, a positive correlation exists between taste threshold and salt intake and both seem to be higher among hypertensive subjects. The combined use of methods of self-report and assessment of taste thresholds can be useful in health promotion and rehabilitation programs, by screening subjects at higher risk of elevated salt intake and the critical dietary behaviors to be targeted as well to evaluate the result of targeted interventions.201330121

[brainstem Hemorrhage After Surgical Removal Of Arachnoid Cyst Of The Sylvian Fissure: A Case Report].

The authors report a case of a hemorrhage of the brainstem after craniotomy for resection of a huge arachnoid cyst of the sylvian fissure on the left hemisphere. The previous simptomatology included clinical signs of increased intracranial pressure, and the computerized tomography showed midline shift. Some factors may contribute to brain hemorrhage post-operatively: cerebral edema, ipsilateral changes in the venous reflux and blood perfusion, although the physiopathology remains obscure. A more careful approach is suggested in such cases with intracranial hypertension.53825-3

[measure Of Disease Impact: Instrument Construct Validity In Patients With Coronary Artery Disease].

This study estimated the known groups construct validity for the Instrument to Measure the Impact of Coronary Disease on Patient's Everyday Life (IDCV) related to signs and symptoms, ventricular systolic function, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in 153 outpatients with coronary artery disease. Data was obtained through application of IDCV and Brazilian versions of the instruments The Medical Study 36-item Short Form Health Survey - SF-36 and the MacNew Heart Disease Health-related Quality of Life Questionnaire . Mann-Whitney test was used to verify the ability of IDCV in discriminating impact of signs and symptoms, LVEF and ventricular systolic dysfunction. Also, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to verify the discrimination power of the IDCV in relation to HRQoL. It was observed that the IDCV discriminated the impact between variables scored in HRQOL quartiles (≤Q1, Q1-Q3, ≥Q3). The study findings contribute for improvement of IDCV in measurement of disease impact in coronary artery disease patients.47843-5

Quality of life and measure of disease in elderly people with end-stage renal disease

The purpose of this research was to identify, in an elderly population with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing ambulatory hemodialysis, the correlation between a generic index of quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) and the severity index of the ESRD-SI. The work consisted of a correlational cross-section study conducted at two clinics providing replacement of renal therapy and involved 100 elderly patients suffering from ESRD, who had already been in hemodialytic treatment for at least six months. The WHOQOL-BREF showed a negative correlation with the severity of the ESRD-SI and the technique employed allowed for a distinction to be made between patients with greater and lesser severity of ERSD-SI.O objetivo da pesquisa foi verificar, em uma população de idosos com Insuficiência Renal Crônica Terminal (IRCT) em hemodiálise ambulatorial, a relação entre uma medida genérica de qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-breve) e a medida de severidade da IRCT (ESRD-SI Índice de Severidade da IRCT). Trata-se de um estudo correlacional de corte transversal, realizado em duas clínicas de terapia renal substitutiva, com 100 idosos portadores de IRCT, em tratamento hemodialítico há pelo menos seis meses. A análise mostrou que os domínios do WHOQOL-breve correlacionaram-se negativamente com a severidade da ICRT, exceto os domínios psicológico e meio ambiente. Além disso, todos os domínios do WHOQOL-breve mostraram poder de discriminar os sujeitos em relação à severidade da doença.El objetivo de la investigación fue verificar en una población de ancianos con Insuficiencia Renal Crónica Terminal (IRCT) en hemodiálisis en seguimiento ambulatorio la relación entre una medida genérica de cualidad de vida (WHOQOL breve) y la medida de la severidad de la IRCT (ESRD-SI Índice de la Severidad de la IRCT). Es un estudio que establece correlaciones y de cohorte transversal que fue desarrollado en dos clínicas de terapia renal substitutiva, con 100 ancianos portadores de IRCT, en programa de hemodiálisis en periodo superior a seis meses. El WHOQOL breve estableció una correlación negativa con la severidad de la IRCT (ESRD-SI) y permitió distinguir los ancianos con relación a la severidad de la IRCT.54054

Revisión de la literatura integradora acerca de intervenciones de la enfermería volcadas hacia el incremento del autocuidado entre pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca

Objective: to analyze and summarize knowledge concerning critical components of interventions that have been proposed and implemented by nurses with the aim of optimizing self-care by heart failure patients.Methods: PubMed and CINAHL were the electronic databases used to search full peer-reviewed papers, presenting descriptions of nursing interventions directed to patients or to patients and their families and designed to optimize self-care. Forty-two studies were included in the final sample (n=4,799 patients).Results: this review pointed to a variety and complexity of nursing interventions. As self-care encompasses several behaviors, interventions targeted an average of 3.6 behaviors. Educational/counselling activities were combined or not with cognitive behavioral strategies, but only about half of the studies used a theoretical background to guide interventions. Clinical assessment and management were frequently associated with self-care interventions, which varied in number of sessions (1 to 30); length of follow-up (2 weeks to 12 months) and endpoints.Conclusions: these findings may be useful to inform nurses about further research in self-care interventions in order to propose the comparison of different modalities of intervention, the use of theoretical background and the establishment of endpoints to evaluate their effectiveness.Objetivo:analisar e sintetizar o conchecimento relacionado aos componentes críticos das intervençoes que têm, sido propostas e implementadas por enfermeiros(as) com objetivo de optimizar o auto-cuidado de pacientes portadores de insuficiência cardíaca.Método:PubMed e CINAHL foram as bases de dados electrônicas utilizadas para investigar artigos revisados por pares (peer review), apresentando as descrições das intervenções dirigidas ao paciente ou ao paciente e sua familia, visando melhorar o auto-cuidado. Foram incluídos 42 estudos na amostra final (n=4799 pacientes).Resultados:esta revisão apontou variedade e complexidade das intervenções de enfermagem. Como o auto-cuidado envolve diferentes comportamentos, as intervenções visaram em média 3,6 comportamentos. As Atividades de educação e aconselhamento foram combinadas ou não com estratégias cognitivo-comportamentais, mas somente a metade dos estudos utilizaram suporte teórico para guiar as intervenções. A avaliação e o manejo clínico foram frequentemente associados às intervenções de auto-cuidado, as quais variam em número de sessões (1 a 30), duração do seguimento (2 semanas a 12 meses) e desfechos.Conclusão:estes resultados podem ser úteis para guiar os enfermeiros no que se refere à futuros estudos sobre intervenções de auto-cuidado, de maneira a propor a comparação de diferentes modalidades de intervenção, uso de suporte teórico e estabelecimento de desfechos para melhor avaliar sua eficácia.Objetivo:analizar y sintetizar el conocimiento relacionado a componentes críticos de intervenciones que han sido propuestas e implementadas por enfermeros(as) con el objetivo de optimizar el autocuidado entre pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca.Método:PUBMED y CINAHL han sido las bases de datos electrónicas usadas para investigar artículos revisados por pares (peer review), presentando descripciones de intervenciones destinadas a perfeccionar el autocuidado dirigido al paciente o al paciente y a su familia. Se incluyeron 42 estudios en la muestra final (n=4799 pacientes).Resultados:esta revisión apuntó a una variedad y complejidad de intervenciones de enfermería. Como el autocuidado abarca varios comportamientos, las intervenciones tuvieron como blanco, en media, 3,6 comportamientos. Actividades de educación/consejería fueron combinadas o no con estrategias cognitivo-comportamentales, pero tan solo cerca de la mitad de los estudios tenían aporte teórico para guiar intervenciones. La gestión y la evaluación clínica fueron frecuentemente asociadas a intervenciones de autocuidado, las cuales oscilaron en número de sesiones (1 a 30), duración del seguimiento (2 semanas a 12 meses) y objetivos.Conclusiones:estos resultados pueden ser útiles para informar a las enfermeras acerca de nuevas investigaciones en intervenciones de autocuidado, de modo a proponer la comparación de distintas modalidades de intervención, el uso de un aporte teórico y el establecimiento de objetivos para evaluar su eficacia

Road traffic noise and children's inattention

BACKGROUND: An increasing number of children are exposed to road traffic noise levels that may lead to adverse effects on health and daily functioning. Childhood is a period of intense growth and brain maturation, and children may therefore be especially vulnerable to road traffic noise. The objective of the present study was to examine whether road traffic noise was associated with reported inattention symptoms in children, and whether this association was mediated by sleep duration. METHODS: This study was based on the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Parental reports of children's inattention at age 8 were linked to modelled levels of residential road traffic noise. We investigated the association between inattention and noise exposure during pregnancy (n = 1934), noise exposure averaged over 5 years (age 3 to 8 years; n = 1384) and noise exposure at age 8 years (n = 1384), using fractional logit response models. The participants were children from Oslo, Norway. RESULTS: An association with inattention at age 8 years was found for road traffic noise exposure at age 8 years (coef = .0083, CI = [.0012, .0154]; 1.2% point increase in inattention score per 10 dB increase in noise level), road traffic noise exposure average for the last 5 years (coef = .0090, CI = [.0016, .0164]; 1.3% point increase/10 dB), and for pregnancy road traffic noise exposure for boys (coef = .0091, CI = [.0010, .0171]), but not girls (coef = -.0021, CI = [-.0094, .0053]). Criteria for doing mediation analyses were not fulfilled. CONCLUSION: Results indicate that road traffic noise has a negative impact on children's inattention. We found no mediation by sleep duration