38 research outputs found

    Using a sentinel colony of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) to assess pesticides and food sources

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    Las poblaciones de abejas melíferas están disminuyendo, como ocurre con otros polinizadores. Una de las causas sugeridas de este declive es el impacto de los pesti- cidas. Para mejorar la salud de las abejas, se pueden monitorear los pesticidas y las fuentes de alimentación mediante colmenas centinela, dado que las abejas pecorean en un radio de 2,5 km alrededor de la colmena. Extrajimos 20 (veinte) abejas, así como muestras de cera, miel y polen de una colmena centinela. Se detectaron seis plaguicidas en las muestras, excepto en la miel. Todos los plaguicidas detectados en la colmena centinela están prohibidos en Argentina. Se detectaron ocho familias y géneros de plantas diferentes en las muestras de miel y polen. Nuestro trabajo sugiere que el monitoreo de plaguicidas con colmenas centinela será útil para mejorar las prácticas agrícolas en la región.Honey bee populations are declining as occurs with other pollinators. One suggested cause of this decline is the impact of pesticides. To improve bees’ health, pesticides and food sources may be monitored using sentinel hives, given that bees forage in a 2.5 km radius around the hive. We extracted 20 (twenty) bees, as well as samples of wax, honey and pollen from a sentinel hive. Six pesticides were detected in the samples, except for the honey. All detected pesticides in the sentinel hive are prohibited in Argentina. Eight different plant families and genera were detected in the honey and pollen samples. Our work suggests that monitoring pesticides with sentinel beehives will be useful to improve agricultural practices in the region.Fil: Geria Reines, Martin. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo; ArgentinaFil: Chacoff, Natacha Paola. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; ArgentinaFil: Sosa, Alexis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Galindo Cardona, Alberto. Fundación Miguel Lillo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

    Analysis of honeybee drone activity during the mating season in northwestern argentina

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    Males in Hymenopteran societies are understudied in many aspects and it is assumed that they only have a reproductive function. We studied the time budget of male honey bees, drones, using multiple methods. Changes in the activities of animals provide important information on biological clocks and their health. Yet, in nature, these changes are subtle and often unobservable without the development and use of modern technology. During the spring and summer mating season, drones emerge from the hive, perform orientation flights, and search for drone congregation areas for mating. This search may lead drones to return to their colony, drift to other colonies (vectoring diseases and parasites), or simply get lost to predation. In a low percentage of cases, the search is successful, and drones mate and die. Our objective was to describe the activity of Apis mellifera drones during the mating season in Northwestern Argentina using three methods: direct observation, video recording, and radio frequency identification (RFID). The use of RFID tagging allows the tracking of a bee for 24 h but does not reveal the detailed activity of drones. We quantified the average number of drones’ departure and arrival flights and the time outside the hive. All three methods confirmed that drones were mostly active in the afternoon. We found no differences in results between those obtained by direct observation and by video recording. RFID technology enabled us to discover previously unknown drone behavior such as activity at dawn and during the morning. We also discovered that drones may stay inside the hive for many days, even after initiation of search flights (up to four days). Likewise, we observed drones to leave the hive for several days to return later (up to three days). The three methods were complementary and should be considered for the study of bee drone activity, which may be associated with the diverse factors influencing hive health.Fil: Ayup, María Marta. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido; ArgentinaFil: Gärtner, Philipp. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; ArgentinaFil: Agosto Rivera, José L.. Universidad de Puerto Rico; Puerto RicoFil: Marendy, Peter. University of Tansmania. School Of Technology, Environments And Design ; AustraliaFil: de Souza, Paulo. University of Tansmania. School Of Technology, Environments And Design ; AustraliaFil: Galindo Cardona, Alberto. Fundación Miguel Lillo; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido; Argentin

    Ácaros parasitando zánganos en áreas de apareamiento de abejas

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    La apicultura mundial se enfrenta a graves problemas sanitarios, provocados por la presencia de patógenos. En Argentina tenemos al ácaro ectoparásito Varroa sp. que afecta a Apis mellifera L. generando diversos problemas de salud. Las Áreas de Congregación de Zánganos (ACZ) son sitios donde se aparean los machos (zánganos) y reinas vírgenes. Estas áreas se repiten año tras año y monitorearlas, permiten saber el estado de infestación de las abejas en un radio de hasta cinco kilómetros. Cerca a nuestro apiario experimental ubicado en Escuela de Agricultura y Sacarotecnia ubicada en Horco Molle, encontramos tres ACZ. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la carga de ácaros durante tres años consecutivos en el apiario y las tres áreas. Para el grado de infestación de Varroa se tomaron muestras de abejas de ⅓ de las colmenas del apiario y los zánganos atrapados en las ACZ. Se recolectaron aprox. 300 obreras/zánganos, siguiendo el método de lavado con alcohol al 70%.%. Nuestros resultados nos muestran que las ACZ1 y Apiario presentan mayor infestación de ácaros en el año 2019 muestreado. El grado de infestación entre años puede deberse a que la ACZ1 se reúnen zánganos de diferentes apiarios y colmenas silvestres que pudieran estar infestadas, próximos análisis de los datos podrán confirmar si la distancia influye en la infestación.Fil: Escalante, Karen Mayra Dayana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo; ArgentinaFil: Geria, M.. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo; ArgentinaFil: Quintana, María Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Secretaria de Gobierno de Salud. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical - Sede Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Galindo Cardona, Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fundación Miguel Lillo; ArgentinaXXIX Reunión Argentina de EcologíaSan Miguel de TucumánArgentinaAsociación Argentina de Ecologí

    Forecasting the Influence of Climate Change on Agroecosystem Services: Potential Impacts on Honey Yields in a Small-Island Developing State

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    Global change poses numerous challenges to developing nations and small-island developing states (SIDSs). Among these are the effects of climate change on honeybees’ provisioning services including honey production. Here we ask two questions. First, what is the relationship between honey yield and climate in a tropical environment? Second, how does yield vary spatially under current climate and future scenarios of climate change? Focusing on the island of Puerto Rico, we developed an ensemble of bioclimatic models that were used in a geographical information system to identify suitable areas for honey production under current and future scenarios of climate change. A comparison between contemporary (1998–2005) and historical (1910–1974) honey yield data revealed a reduction in average yield, including variability, over time, with current yields averaging 5.3 L/colony. Three bioclimatic variables were retained by at least three models: temperature seasonality and mean temperature of the wettest quarter were negatively correlated with honey yields whereas precipitation of the wettest month was positively correlated. The four models varied in terms of their predictions but showed that both honey yields and areas suitable for honey production will decrease under scenarios of climate change. These results illustrate the possible impacts of climate change on honey and ultimately honeybees

    Morphometric and genetic characterization as tools for selection of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) stocks in an area of natural hybridization in Argentina

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    Beekeepers around the world select bees’ characteristics that facilitate and favor production. In regions where hybridization among lineages is taking place, this selection is a challenge, given that these regions are “natural laboratories”, where the action of evolutionary processes of a population or species occurs in real time. A natural honeybee (Apis mellifera) hybrid zone exists in Argentina between 28° and 35° South, where Africanized (AHB) and European (EHB) populations converge. In this zone, beekeepers use selected genetic resources of European origin mostly, since the local Africanized bees show a higher defensive behavior, which is not desirable for management. Although EHB colonies have many advantages for honey production, they are not fully adapted to the subtropical climate and are susceptible to certain parasitosis such as varroosis. In addition, both AHB and EHB mate in drone congregation areas (DCAs), where males and virgin queens fly to meet, resulting in variability in the desired characteristics. In this study, we explored the degree of hybridization within a DCA and its reference apiary, located in the province of Entre Ríos, by applying two complementary techniques. First, morphotypes with different degrees of hybridization between European and African subspecies were observed in the reference apiary, indicating a high sensitivity of this morphometric approach to detect hybridization in these populations. Second, a genetic analysis revealed haplotypes of both origins for drones in DCAs, with a higher prevalence of European haplotypes, while all the colonies from the reference apiary exhibited European haplotypes. Overall, our results are in line with the strong impact that commercial beekeeping has on the genetics of DCAs. We show how wing morphometry may be used to monitor hybridization between European and African subspecies, a tool that may be evaluated in other regions of the world where hybridization occurs.Instituto de GenéticaFil: Litvinoff, Leonardo. Reinas del Litoral SRL; ArgentinaFil: Menescardi, Francisco. Reinas del Litoral SRL; ArgentinaFil: Porrini, Leonardo. Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción, Sanidad y Ambiente (CONICET-UNSAM). Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Porrini, Leonardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Russo, Romina Maria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética; ArgentinaFil: Russo, Romina Maria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Russo, Romina Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Liendo, María Clara. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética; ArgentinaFil: Liendo, María Clara. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Liendo, María Clara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Nucci, Alejandro. Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción, Sanidad y Ambiente (CONICET-UNSAM). Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Nucci, Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lusarreta, Esteban. Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción, Sanidad y Ambiente (CONICET-UNSAM). Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Lusarreta, Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ventura, Rocio. Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción, Sanidad y Ambiente (CONICET-UNSAM). Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Ventura, Rocio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Espasadin, Luna. Fundación Miguel Lillo. Instituto de Entomología; ArgentinaFil: Monmany-Garzia, A. Carolina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; ArgentinaFil: Monmany-Garzia, A. Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Scannapieco, Alejandra Carla. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética; ArgentinaFil: Scannapieco, Alejandra Carla. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Scannapieco, Alejandra Carla. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Galindo Cardona, Alberto. Fundación Miguel Lillo. Instituto de Entomología; ArgentinaFil: Galindo Cardona, Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

    Varroa destructor parasitism and genetic variability at honey bee (Apis mellifera) drone congregation areas and their associations with environmental variables in Argentina

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    Varroa destructor is a serious ectoparasite of the western honey bee, Apis mellifera, which negatively impacts on colonies health and survival worldwide. Drone-mediated movement and the presence of the mite in Drone Congregation Areas (DCA) may play a relevant role in Varroa dispersal. The objectives of this study were to characterize mite infestation levels and genetic diversity in DCAs and surrounding apiaries and to explore putative environmental variables associated to Varroa infestation in two eco-climatic regions of Argentina (temperate, and subtropical). Phoretic mite proportions in DCAs and apiaries were estimated during spring. Landscape, topographic, and climate variables were described using satellite image classifications and data from public databases. The genetic composition of drones at the DCAs and workers from the surrounding apiaries was assessed using mitochondrial markers. In total, eleven DCAs were identified in both regions during 2017 and 2018. The mean proportion of Varroa was ca. 3 in 1,000 (0.0028 ± 0.0046) at the apiaries, and ca. 2 in 100 (0.0168 ± 0.0227) at the DCAs. No statistical differences were observed between apiaries and DCAs or between ecoregions, but the proportion of infested males at the DCAs was positively correlated to the distance to the apiary and a trend was observed toward higher mite loads in DCAs. Landscape and topography were not determinant for Varroa infestation at the DCAs but relative humidity and precipitation in the previous week of sampling, positively influenced infestation. More haplotypic diversity was detected in the DCAs compared to the surrounding apiaries, particularly in the subtropical region. While in this region high prevalence of Africanized (A1, A4) mitochondrial lineages was detected, European lineages (C1, C2j) were mostly found in apiaries and DCA in the temperate region. Our results provide valuable information on the dynamics of Varroa parasitism in apiaries and DCAs, and highlight the role of drones in mite dispersion and genetic variability of new colonies. The study of DCAs emerges as a tool for investigating not only honey bee reproduction and conservation, but also the impact of the environment on bee epidemiology.Instituto de GenéticaFil: Galindo Cardona, Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Scannapieco, Alejandra Carla. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética; Argentina.Fil: Russo, Romina María. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética; ArgentinaFil: Escalante, Karen. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Geria, Martín. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Lepori, Nicolás. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Ayup, María Marta. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; Argentina.Fil: Muntaabski, Irina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética; Argentina.Fil: Liendo, María Clara. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética; Argentina.Fil: Landi, Lucas. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; ArgentinaFil: Giray, Tugrul. Universidad de Puerto Rico. Departamento de Biología; Puerto RicoFil: Monmany-Garzia, A. Carolina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; ArgentinaFil: Galindo Cardona, Alberto. Fundación Miguel Lillo; Argentina.Fil: Galindo Cardona, Alberto. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; ArgentinaFil: Scannapieco, Alejandra Carla. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ayup, María Marta. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Muntaabski, Irina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Liendo, María Clara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

    The Bacterial and Fungal Gut Microbiota of the Greater Wax Moth, Galleria mellonella L. Consuming Polyethylene and Polystyrene

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    Plastic production has been increasing exponentially in the last 60 years, but plastic disposal is out of control, resulting in the pollution of all ecosystems on Earth. Finding alternative environmentally sustainable choices, such as biodegradation by insects and their associated gut microbiota, is crucial, however we have only begun to characterize these ecosystems. Some bacteria and one fungus have been previously identified in the gut of Greater Wax Moth larvae (Galleria mellonella L., Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) located mainly in the Northern hemisphere. The aim of this study was to describe changes in the gut microbiota associated with the consumption of polyethylene and polystyrene by the Greater Wax Moth in Argentina, considering both bacteria and fungi. Larvae were fed polyethylene, polystyrene and beeswax as control for 7 days. Next generation sequencing revealed changes in the bacterial gut microbiome of the wax moth larvae at the phyla and genus levels, with an increase in two Pseudomonas strains. The fungal communities showed no differences in composition between diets, only changing in relative abundance. This is the first report of both bacterial and fungal communities associated with a plastivore insect. The results are promising and call for more studies concerning a potential multi-kingdom synergy in the plastic biodegradation process.Fil: Ruiz Barrionuevo, Juliana María. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; ArgentinaFil: Vilanova Cuevas, Brayan. Universidad de Puerto Rico; Puerto RicoFil: Alvarez, Analia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos; ArgentinaFil: Martín, Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; Argentina. Fundación Miguel Lillo; ArgentinaFil: Malizia, Agustina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; ArgentinaFil: Galindo Cardona, Alberto. Fundación Miguel Lillo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: de Cristobal, Ricardo Ezequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Occhionero, M. Angelica. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; ArgentinaFil: Chalup, Adriana Elizabeth. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; Argentina. Fundación Miguel Lillo; ArgentinaFil: Monmany, Ana Carolina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Ecología Regional; ArgentinaFil: Godoy Vitorino, Filipa. Universidad de Puerto Rico; Puerto Ric

    Temas de bioética ambiental

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    Poner la mirada bioética en lo ambiental es plantearse radical- mente la pregunta por el origen y el sentido de todo cuanto existe, con el rigor interdisciplinario de las ciencias que incluyen el volver al mito, a la leyenda, y a las bellmsimas creencias ancestrales. Es toparse el ser humano con la alteridad, con lo otro diferente al +yo; pero hecho de lo mismo, y sentirse profundamente interpelado por las voces silentes de todos los seres que comparten con miritos pares la casa terrenal. Es descubrir con veneracisn y regocijo espiritual el Dios oculto en el mis- terio de la vida, e hincarse de rodillas para pedir su bendicisn. Es unir el Cielo con la Tierra, con la absoluta conviccisn de que no hay Cielo sin Tierra. en smntesis, la mirada bioitica de la ecologma nos hace trascender la inmediatez de lo concreto, para encontrar en ello la validez de lo universal que lo conforma. La vida humana cobra sentido al desvelar el sentido del mundo. Al descubrir felizmente la luminosa unidad del ser en la polmcroma diversidad de todo cuanto existe

    Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

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    The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

    Balance de 25 años de jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional

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    La Corte Constitucional de Colombia ha tenido un importante impacto en la vida social, cultural y política del país, a tal punto que, desde su creación, la jurisprudencia de este tribunal se ha convertido en un referente mundial acerca de las diversas materias sobre las que se ha pronunciado . Este libro presenta un balance de la jurisprudencia que durante sus primeros veinticinco años la Corte ha expedido. Con este fin, el magistrado Luis Guillermo Guerrero Pérez y los magistrados auxiliares Miguel Polo Rosero y Claudia Escobar García recogen los trabajos de expertos nacionales e internacionales, funcionarios del Estado y Miembros de la sociedad civil que se presentaron en el XII Encuentro de la Jurisdicción Constitucional, realizado en la ciudad de San Juan de Pasto entre el 27 y el 30 de septiembre de 2017. En ese encuentro, se ratificó que la Corte Constitucional tiene la tarea de velar por la integridad de los compromisos de la Constitución. Los capítulos que conforman este libro ofrecen una mirada multidisciplinaria sobre la eficacia y el impacto de las decisiones de la Corte, específicamente en lo que tiene que ver con la democracia y la participación, el sistema de salud, el sistema pensional, el medio ambiente y el fenómeno discriminatorio con la relación al género y a la condición de discapacidad en Colombia.Bogot
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