Immunoexpression of PD-L1, CD4+ and CD8+ cell infiltrates and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the microenvironment of actinic cheilitis and lower lip squamous cell carcinoma

Lower lip squamous cell carcinomas (LLSCC) could be associated with a previous history of potentially malignant oral diseases (PMOD), especially actinic cheilitis (AC), with high sun exposure being a well-described risk factor. Immune evasion mechanisms, such as the PD-1/PD-L1 (programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1) pathway has been gaining prominence since immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors showed a positive effect on the survival of patients with different types of neoplasms. Concomitant with the characterization of the tumor microenvironment, the expression of either or both PD-1 and PD-L1 molecules may estimate mutual relations of progression or regression of the carcinoma and prognostic values of the patient. Objective: Considering the importance of tumor microenvironment characterization, this study aims to determine the immunoexpression of PD-L1 and correlate with the frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in AC and LLSCC lesions and with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in LLSCC and its relationship with histopathological characteristics. Methodology: This sample includes 33 cases of AC and 17 cases of LLSCC. The cases were submitted to histopathological analysis and to CD4+, CD8+, and PD-L1+ cell determination by immunohistochemistry. Results: There was a significant difference among the frequencies of CD4+, CD8+, and PD-L1+ cells between AC and LSCC cases, higher in the last group. Moreover, histopathological and atypical changes in AC and LLSCC were correlated with the frequencies of PD-L1+, CD4+, and CD8+ cells. In AC, PD-L1+ cases had a low frequency of CD4+ cells, but on the other hand, PD-L1+ cases of LLSCC had a higher frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ cells. Conclusion: Therefore, the PD-L1 molecule may be a potential escape route for the immune response in oral lesions, but the mechanisms differ between AC and LLSCC. Future studies related to immune evasion and immunotherapy in oral lesions should consider the analysis of inflammatory infiltrate and TILs

Benefícios da inserção do fisioterapeuta sobre o perfil de prematuros de baixo risco internados em unidade de terapia intensiva

O presente estudo visa descrever os benefícios da inserção do fisioterapeuta sobre o perfil de prematuros de baixo risco internados em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. Estudo caso-controle, retrospectivo, com consulta aos prontuários de prematuros internados em 2006/2007 sem fisioterapia (PREF) e em 2009/2010 com fisioterapia por até 8h/dia (POSF). Incluíramse 61 prematuros no período PREF e 93 no POSF, nascidos com ≥1000g, SNAP-PE II <40, com tempo de suporte ventilatório ≥24h. Verificou-se os perfis materno e dos neonatos, tempos de internação, de ventilação mecânica invasiva e não invasiva e de oxigenoterapia. Realizou-se análise descritiva, teste Mann Whitney, teste t, qui-quadrado e Fisher, considerando-se p≤0,05. Houve diferença significativa entre as idades gestacionais [PREF: 230,5 (±16,5)/ POSF: 226 (±15); p=0,05], frequência de sepse [PREF: 6 (10%)/ POSF: 30 (32%); p<0,01], de síndrome do desconforto respiratório [PREF: 11(18%)/ POSF: 43 (46%); p<0,01], necessidade de reanimação na sala de parto [PREF: 10 (16%)/ POSF: 32 (34%); p=0,02], necessidade de intubação orotraqueal [PREF: 8 (13%)/ POSF: 26 (28%); p=0,05], tempo de ventilação não invasiva (PREF: 0,1±0,4 dias/ POSF: 0,8±2,3 dias; p<0,01), de ventilação invasiva (PREF: 0,4±1,3 dias/ POSF: 1,3±3,3 dias; p=0,04), de pressão positiva contínua em vias aéreas (PREF: 1,5±1,0 dias/ POSF: 2,7±3,8 dias; p=0,04). A presença do fisioterapeuta gerou benefícios, contribuindo para a manutenção dos tempos de internação e de oxigenoterapia mesmo diante de um perfil de recém-nascidos mais imaturos e com mais intercorrências no período após a inserção da fisioterapia.El presente estudio describe los beneficios de la inserción del fisioterapeuta sobre el perfil de prematuros de bajo riesgo internados en unidad de terapia intensiva. Estudio caso-control, retrospectivo, con prontuarios de prematuros internados en 2006/2007 (sin fisioterapia - PREF) y en 2009/2010 (con fisioterapia por hasta 8h / día - POSF). Se incluyeron 61 prematuros (PREF) y 93 (POSF), ≥ 1000g, SNAP-PE II <40, con tiempo de soporte ventilatorio ≥ 24h. Se verificaron los perfiles maternos y de los neonatos, tiempos de internación, de ventilación mecánica invasiva y no invasiva y de oxigenoterapia. Se realizó análisis descriptivo, Mann Whitney, t, qui-cuadrado y Fisher, considerando p ≤ 0,05. Se observó diferencia entre las edades gestacionales [PREF: 230,5 (± 16,5) / POSF: 226 (±15); p=0,05], frecuencia de sepsis [PREF: 6 (10%) / POSTP: 30 (32%); p < 0,01], síndrome de distrés respiratorio [PREF: 11 (18%) / POSF: 43 (46%); p <0,01], necesidad de reanimación en la sala de parto [PREF: 10 (16%) / POSTP: 32 (34%); p=0,02], necesidad de intubación [PREF: 8 (13%) / POSF: 26 (28%); (p=0,05), tiempo de ventilación no invasiva (PREF: 0,1±0,4 días / POSF: 0,8±2,3 días, p<0,01), ventilación invasiva (PREF: 0, 4±1,3 días / POSF: 1,3±3,3 días, p=0,04). La presencia del fisioterapeuta generó beneficios, contribuyendo para el mantenimiento de los tiempos de internación y de oxigenoterapia, aunque el perfil de recién nacidos tuvo más intercurrencias después de la inserción de la fisioterapia.This study aims to describe the benefits of inserting the physical therapist on the profile of lowrisk premature infants in neonatal intensive care units. This is a retrospective control study, with consultation to the medical records of premature infants admitted in 2006/2007 without physical therapy (PREP) and in 2009/2010 with physical therapy for up to 8h/day (POSTP). 61 preterm infants in the PREP period and 93 in the POSTP were included, born with ≥1000g, SNAP-PE II <40, with a duration of ventilatory support ≥24h. Maternal and neonatal profiles, duration of hospitalization, invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy were verified. Descriptive analysis, the Mann Whitney test, t-test, Chi-squared and Fisher’s test were performed, considering p≤0.05. There was a significant difference between gestational ages [PREP: 230.5 (±16.5)/ POSTP: 226 (±15); p = 0.05], frequency of sepsis [PREP: 6 (10%) / POSTP: 30 (32%); p < 0.01], respiratory distress syndrome [PREP: 11 (18%)/POSTP: 43 (46%); p < 0.01], need for resuscitation in the delivery room [PREP: 10 (16%) / POSTP: 32 (34%); p = 0.02], need for orotracheal intubation [PREP: 8 (13%)/POSTP: 26 (28%); invasive ventilation (PREP: 0.4±1.3 days/POSTP: 1.3±3.3 days, p = 0.04), continuous positive airway pressure (PREP: 1.5±1.0 days/POSTP: 2.7±3.8 days, p = 0.04). The presence of the physical therapist generated benefits, contributing to the maintenance of the length of hospitalization and oxygen therapy in face of a profile of more immature newborns and with more complications in the period after physical therapy was inserted

ACEITAÇÃO SENSORIAL DO ÓLEO DE SOJA DEGOMADO POR ULTRAFILTRAÇÃO E DESODORIZADO

Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar se existe diferença sensorial significativa ao nível de consumidor quanto à aceitação dos atributos aroma e sabor entre o óleo de soja degomado por ultrafiltração e desodorizado e óleo de soja refinado comercial, obtido tradicionalmente. Amostras com 20 litros de miscela do óleo de soja bruto foram ultrafiltradas em membranas cerâmicas de 19 e 37 canais (comprimento de 1 m e 0,01 µm de diâmetro de poro) e desodorizadas sob nitrogênio a 230 ºC, após separação do solvente. Os óleos desodorizados obtidos mostraram coloração mais intensa com preservação de carotenóides e, em média, 0,25% de ácidos graxos livres, enquadrando-se na faixa estabelecida pela legislação brasileira (valores inferiores a 0,3% em ácido oléico). O índice de peróxido também atendeu às exigências para óleo desodorizado para fins comestíveis. As amostras obtidas não diferiram significativamente (p ≤ 0,05) entre si e nem do óleo de soja refinado disponível comercialmente. SENSORY ACCEPTANCE OF SOYBEAN OIL DEODORIZED AND DEGUMMED BY ULTRAFILTRATION Abstract This work had as objective to verify if it exists significant sensorial difference at consumers level of soybean oil degummed by ultrafiltration and comercial refined, traditionally obtained soybean oil in relation to aroma and flavor attributes. Samples with 20 L of miscella of crude soybean oil were ultrafiltrated in ceramic membranes of 19 and 37 channels (1 m lenght and 0.01 mm of pore diameter) and deodorized with nitrogen at 230ºC after solvent separation. The deodorized oils obtained showed more intense pigmentation with preservation of carotenoids and, in average, 0.25% of free fatty acids, within the range established by the Brazilian legislation (values inferior to 0.3% in oleic acid). The peroxide indice also attended the exigences for edible deodorized oils. The samples obtained didnt differ significantly (p ≤ 0.05) among each other neither with the refined commercially available soybean oil

EFFECT OF SEXING ON THE PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF ROSS® 308 AP BROILERS

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of sexing on performance, carcass characteristics, bone development, and profitability of Ross® 308 AP broilers. Six hundred chicks, one day old, reared by sex separation, were used. The experimental design used was completely randomized, with three treatments composed of lots separated by sex (males, females, and mixed) and five replications. Live weight, weight gain, feed intake and conversion, carcass weight and yield, commercial cuts, edible offal, and abdominal fat were evaluated. The length, thickness, weight, and Seedor index of the long bones (tibiotarsus and femur) were measured to assess bone development. An analysis of viability (VB), productive efficiency index (PEI), and profitability was carried out. The productive performance of broilers raised in male and mixed lots was higher from 1 to 21 days compared to the productive performance of females. The broilers from the mixed lots had greater femur length than the female lot, not differing from the males. Ross® 308 AP male broilers had better performance, carcass characteristics, and most parameters related to bone development than the mixed and female lots. However, mixed lots showed higher profitability than male and female lots.Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da sexagem no desempenho, características de carcaça, desenvolvimento ósseo e lucratividade de frangos de corte Ross 308. Foram utilizados 600 pintinhos, com um dia de idade, criados por separação do sexo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com três tratamentos que foram lotes separados por sexo (machos, fêmeas e mistos) e cinco repetições. Avaliou-se o peso vivo, ganho de peso, consumo de ração e conversão alimentar, o peso e rendimento de carcaça, cortes comerciais, miúdos comestíveis e da gordura abdominal. Para avaliação do desenvolvimento ósseo foram mensurados o comprimento, espessura, peso e índice de Seedor dos ossos longos (tíbia e fêmur). Fizeram-se análises de viabilidade criatória (VC), índice de eficiência produtiva (IEP) e lucratividade. O desempenho produtivo dos frangos criados em lotes de machos e mistos foram maiores a partir do período de 1 a 21 dias quando comparado ao desempenho produtivo de fêmeas. O lote de frangos mistos teve comprimento de fêmur superior aos de machos e fêmeas. O lote misto foi mais lucrativo do que o lote de machos e fêmeas. Frangos de cortes machos, da linhagem Ross 308® apresentaram melhores desempenho produtivo, características de carcaça e a maioria dos parâmetros relacionados ao desenvolvimento ósseo do que os lotes de mistos e os de fêmeas. Porém, lotes mistos apresentaram maior lucratividade do que os lotes de machos e fêmeas

Diferença na qualidade de vida de tabagistas, ex-tabagistas e não tabagistas

The purpose of this article was to associate smoking status (smokers, former smokers and non-smokers) and quality of life, total and by domain, among users of Primary Health Care Units of 50 Primary Health Care Units. A structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic and health data and the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire to assess quality of life. Non- smokers also had better quality of life in the physical domain especially in relation to the ex-smokers group, is essential for the construction of clinical protocols that encourage the treatment of the this dependence.O objetivo do presente estudo foi associar status tabágico (tabagistas, ex-tabagistas e não tabagistas) e a qualidade de vida entre usuários das Unidades de Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Realizou-se um estudo transversal com 500 usuários de 50 Unidades de APS do município de Juiz de Fora/MG. Foi utilizado questionário estruturado para coleta de dados sociodemográficos e de saúde e o questionário WHOQOL-BREF para avaliar a qualidade de vida. Para análise de dados foi empregada Regressão Logística. Os resultados das análises multivariadas evidenciaram que há maior chance de melhor qualidade de vida total para indivíduos ex-tabagistas (OR: 1,90; IC: 1,10-3,29)  e não tabagistas (OR: 1,84; IC: 1,14-2,95) em relação aos tabagistas. Da mesma forma, uma maior renda e a autodeclaração de cor da pele branca foram relacionados a melhor qualidade de vida total. Indivíduos não tabagistas também apresentaram melhor qualidade de vida no domínio físico comparado aos tabagistas (OR: 2,24; IC: 1,40-3,59). Conclui-se que, ex-tabagistas e não tabagistas tiveram maior chance de apresentarem melhor qualidade de vida global quando comparado aos tabagistas. Não tabagistas também apresentaram maior chance de melhor qualidade de vida no domínio físico em relação aos tabagistas

Resveratrol-loaded octenyl succinic anhydride modified starch emulsions and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) microparticles: Cytotoxicity and antioxidant bioactivity assessment after in vitro digestion

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-based microparticles and modified starch emulsions (OSA-MS) were loaded with resveratrol and characterized regarding their physicochemical and thermal properties. Both delivery systems were subject to an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion to assess the bioaccessibility of resveratrol. In addition, cell-based studies were conducted after in vitro digestion and cytotoxicity and oxidative stress were assessed. HPMC-based microparticles displayed higher average sizes (d) and lower polydispersity index (PDI) (d = 948 nm, PDI < 0.2) when compared to OSA-MS-based emulsions (d = 217 nm, PDI < 0.3). Both proved to protect resveratrol under digestive conditions, leading to an increase in bioaccessibility. Resveratrol-loaded HPMC-microparticles showed a higher bioaccessibility (56.7 %) than resveratrol-loaded emulsions (19.7 %). Digested samples were tested in differentiated co-cultures of Caco-2 and HT29-MTX, aiming at assessing cytotoxicity and oxidative stress, and a lack of cytotoxicity was observed for all samples. Results displayed an increasing antioxidant activity, with 1.6-fold and 1.4-fold increases over the antioxidant activity of free resveratrol, for HPMC-microparticles and OSA-MS nanoemulsions, respectively. Our results offer insight into physiological relevancy due to assessment post-digestion and highlight the protection that the use of micro-nano delivery systems can confer to resveratrol and their potential to be used as functional food ingredients capable of providing antioxidant benefits upon consumption.This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UIDB/04469/2020 unit, and by LABBELS – Associate Laboratory in Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Microelectromechanical Systems, LA/P/0029/2020 and LAQV/REQUIMTE (UIDB/50006/2020, UIDP/50006/2020). This work was funded by the SbDtoolBox - Nanotechnology-based tools and tests for Safer-by-Design nanomaterials, with the reference NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000047, funded by Norte 2020 – North-Regional Operational Program under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). The research also received funding from the European Union's H2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement N 778388 (H2020 MSCA-RISE-2017 project Food for Diabetes and Cognition (FODIAC), and grant agreement N 713640 (MSCA-2015-COFUND-FP). Pedro Silva is the recipient of a fellowship (SFRD/BD/130247/2017) supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, (FCT, Portugal). Ana Isabel Bourbon acknowledges funding by FCT, through the individual scientific employment program contract (2020.03447.CEECIND). We also would like to thank the Advanced Electron Microscopy, Imaging, and Spectroscopy (AEMIS) and the Nanophotonics and Bioimaging Facility (NBI) from INL for their support

Conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas das mulheres sobre a prevenção do câncer de colo uterino: Uma revisão de literatura / knowledge, attitudes and practices of Women's about cervical cancer prevention: A literature review

O artigo tem como objetivo avaliar a assistência e o conhecimento das mulheres no que tange a prevenção do câncer de colo de útero. Nesta revisão foram utilizadas as bases de dados bibliográficas Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS); National Library of Medicine (PubMed, MEDILINE); Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SCIELO). Buscou-se artigos publicados no período compreendido entre 2016-2020, a partir do uso de termos específicos das fontes consultadas, relativos a ‘‘neoplasias de colo do útero”; ‘‘acesso aos serviços de saúde”; ‘‘prevenção primária”; ‘‘conhecimento”; “health services accessibility”; “knowledge”; “uterine cervical neoplasia”; “primary prevention”. Foram inicialmente encontrados 1.308 artigos, mas, considerando os critérios adotados, foram selecionados 84 artigos, dos quais foram incluídos 24. Este estudo demonstrou que muitas mulheres na faixa etária preconizada, nunca fizeram o exame preventivo ou desconhecem a causa e a importância de se realizar o exame periodicamente. É necessário e importante o papel das redes de serviços, do acolhimento e da instituição do princípio de integralidade, para uma abordagem ampla no cuidado do CCU

Effects of chronic restraint stress in the prostate of prepubertal and adult rats

ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate the effects of chronic stress in the prostate of prepubertal and adult rats. Methods: Thirty-two male rats were assigned into four groups depending on the type of treatment (control or stressed) and the age at which stress was initiated (prepubertal or adult). Restraint stress stimuli were applied for six weeks. Stressed prepubertal and adult rats evaluated immediately after the last stress stimuli were named SP and SA groups, respectively. Age-matched rats were used as control groups (CP and CA). At the end of the experiment, the rats were euthanized, and prostate morphological parameters were evaluated and statistically compared. Results: Application of stress stimuli to the SP group resulted in reduced body weight, but no prostate morphological modification was noted. The SA group showed reduced testosterone level and prostatic epithelium surface density, in comparison to CA group. Further, the prostatic lumen surface density was increased in adult stressed animals, in comparison to adult controls. Conclusions: The stress stimuli promoted changes in hormonal and morphological parameters in the prostate of adult stressed rats. Prepubertal stressed animals did not presented modifications of prostate morphology

A influência histórica no surgimento dos princípios da bioética

A investigação em pesquisa mostra-se de grande interesse social desde a Antiguidade. A evolução da humanidade trouxe a necessidade de novos conhecimentos e aprimoramento dos antigos, visto as novas ferramentas à disposição. A bioética apresenta-se como uma forma de ética aplicada, a fim de estabelecer limites a essa busca, sem ultrapassar barreiras ético-morais. Seu surgimento está associado a pessoas e fatos específicos que mudaram o curso da normatização em pesquisa a partir do impacto social desses eventos. O Tribunal de Nuremberg - responsável pelo julgamento de criminosos da Segunda Guerra Mundial, a maioria médicos que realizaram experimentos em seres humanos na Alemanha nazista - mostrou ao mundo que os princípios profissionais isolados não são confiáveis, havendo necessidade de criar um limite seguro com barreiras visíveis no controle da experimentação