Shakespeare: el texto bárbaro - el juego de espejos - el sueño asesinado - los caballos carnívoros : Apuntes sobre el texto espectacular de <i>Macbeth</i>

La noción de “puesta en escena” sustenta la hipótesis de que el teatro es un lugar de representación autónomo; un sistema lingüístico cuya operación significante reside más en la arbitrariedad que en la analogía; producción de signos ya no ligados a la producción mimética de los fenómenos de la realidad o con los procedimientos significantes de un texto literario, sino destinados a construir una realidad discursiva nueva y, sobre todo, a la creación de otra realidad con respecto a la objetualidad de la vida cotidiana. Esta ponencia se propone explorar recorridos posibles de la textualidad de Macbeth como hipótesis para una dramaturgia como mundo propio, como nuevo objeto de conocimiento.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

SEROPREVALENCIA DEL VIRUS DE LA RINOTRAQUEITIS INFECCIOSA BOVINA EN GANADO LECHERO DEL VALLE DE LIMA

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la seroprevalencia del virus herpes bovino tipo 1 (VHB-1), agente causal de la Rinotraqueitis Infecciosa Bovina (RIB), en bovinos mayores de 6 meses de edad, procedentes de 12 hatos lecheros del valle de Lima y sin historia de vacunación. Se tomó muestras de sangre en 395 hembras para la detección de anticuerpos neutralizantes en suero mediante la prueba de neutralización viral. El 36 ± 0.47% (143/395) de los animales presentaron anticuerpos neutralizantes contra el VHB-1 con títulos entre 2 a &gt;256. El 67% (8/12) de los hatos muestreados tuvieron animales seroreactores. Las mayores prevalencias se presentaron en hatos con &gt;300 animales, en hatos ubicados en el norte y sur del valle de Lima y en animales mayores de 2 años de edad. Estos resultados confirman que el VHB-1 está difundido en el valle de Lima a pesar que no se obtuvo evidencias clínicas de la RIB. Sin embargo, considerando que los ganaderos manifestaron observar problemas respiratorios en animales jóvenes, esto podría ser indicativo que el virus estaría asociado al complejo respiratorio bovino.The seroprevalence of bovine herpes virus type 1 (BHV-1), the causative agent of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) was determined in non-vaccinated bovines older than 6 months of age and reared in 12 dairy farms in the valley of Lima, Peru. Blood samples were collected from 395 animals and assayed for antibodies to BHV-1 by using virus neutralization test. Antibodies against BHV-1 were detected in 26 ± 0.47% (143/395) of the animals with titers between 2 and &gt;256. Sixty seven per cent (8/12) of herds had seropositive animals. The higher prevalence was found in herds with more than 300 animals and in herds located in the north and south of Lima, and in those animals older than 2 years. These results confirmed the wide distribution of BHV-1 in the Lima valley, despite of the absence of clinical signs. Since farmers have indicated to have observed respiratory diseases in young animals, the BHV-1 would be associated to the bovine respiratory complex in calves

La familia del niño con trastorno del espectro autista: de la detección a la aceptación

Este trabajo tiene por finalidad dar a conocer las características principales del Trastorno del Espectro Autista para posteriormente describir la influencia del mismo en el ámbito familiar. Se tiene en cuenta a la familia como fuente de seguridad y estabilidad para el niño durante su desarrollo evolutivo y se lleva a cabo una investigación sobre cómo la presencia de una persona con esta alteración influye en los componentes dentro de esta institución social. La llegada de un niño con TEA al hogar puede producir inseguridad, temor y desesperanza. Sin embargo, conforme los progenitores van conociendo el trastorno que presentan sus hijos y recibiendo apoyo, llegan a un grado de suficiente calma emocional que les permite aceptar la situación en la que se encuentran. Así, los capítulos que componen el presente documento están estructurados como un camino que los padres van a ir siguiendo hasta comprender qué les sucede a sus hijos y cómo afrontar esta realidad

Climate change and the kidney

The worldwide increase in temperature has resulted in a marked increase in heat waves (heat extremes) that carries a markedly increased risk for morbidity and mortality. The kidney has a unique role not only in protecting the host from heat and dehydration but also is an important site of heat-associated disease. Here we review the potential impact of global warming and heat extremes on kidney diseases. High temperatures can result in increased core temperatures, dehydration, and blood hyperosmolality. Heatstroke (both clinical and subclinical whole-body hyperthermia) may have a major role in causing both acute kidney disease, leading to increased risk of acute kidney injury from rhabdomyolysis, or heat-induced inflammatory injury to the kidney. Recurrent heat and dehydration can result in chronic kidney disease (CKD) in animals and theoretically plays a role in epidemics of CKD developing in hot regions of the world where workers are exposed to extreme heat. Heat stress and dehydration also has a role in kidney stone formation, and poor hydration habits may increase the risk for recurrent urinary tract infections. The resultant social and economic consequences include disability and loss of productivity and employment. Given the rise in world temperatures, there is a major need to better understand how heat stress can induce kidney disease, how best to provide adequate hydration, and ways to reduce the negative effects of chronic heat exposure.Published versio

Tutoría entre pares: una experiencia de asesoramiento entre iguales

Los programas de acompañamiento a estudiantes para el reforzamiento del aprovechamiento académico cada vez se hacen más necesarios en las instituciones educativas, en el contexto y rasgos de las nuevas generaciones de educandos. El presente trabajo describe la experiencia de una institución de educación superior, sobre la tutoría de pares derivada de su modelo de tutorías. Se presentan los hallazgos explorados con el método cualitativo desde la percepción de los tutores en cuanto a sus vivencias en el programa y el impacto de su involucramiento a nivel personal y en su formación profesional. Los resultados del estudio reportan como principal acción tutorial realizada, el apoyo académico, seguido del acompañamiento en aspectos personales. Así mismo, se destacan algunos valores tales como: confianza, relación personal, perseverancia, y la identificación de la personalidad y talentos del tutorado; como elementos clave para la eficacia de la tutoría entre pares. Como producto de esta investigación se ratificó que el proceso de acompañamiento genera aprendizajes e impactos favorables en la formación integral en ambos sentidos, tanto para el tutor como para el estudiante quien recibe el apoyo

Genetic characterization by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers and morphochemical traits of Carica papaya L. genotypes

Carica papaya L. is a native fruit from Central America and Mexico and it is an economically important fruit. As a pre-breeding genetic study, the variability of both parents (L7 and M22) and the F1 individuals derived from their crosses (L7 × M22), was evaluated in terms of 32 morphochemical traits, and contrasted with their genetic diversity indicated by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. According to morphochemical traits, L7 and M22 were grouped in two different clades. The first group included L7 and 13 genotypes from the F1, while a second group included the parent M22 and 15 other genotypes from the F1 progeny. The analysis based on morphochemical traits showed an average correlation of 0.652 among genotypes. For AFLP analysis the combination of the primers E-ACA/M-CTA had the best polymorphic index (72.73%). When they were grouped based on AFLPs markers, it was confirmed that both parents are genetically distant, and they were again grouped in two different clades. Five genotypes from the F1 population were grouped in the same clade as L7 and shared 55% similarity. Twenty six genotypes were grouped in the same clade as M22, showing 63.3% similarity. Another 12 genotypes (mainly female genotypes) were grouped in a third independent clade. This relative general agreement between the grouping based on a large number of morphochemical traits (including both plant and fruit traits) and that based on its genetic diversity using AFLPs, suggests that morphochemical characterization, together with genetic analysis by AFLPs, can be complementary and useful techniques for the identification and assessment of genetic diversity within C. papaya L. genotypes, that should be useful for genetic breeding programs of this important species.Key words: Morphological markers, AFLP markers, genetic similarity, Carica papaya L

Periodontal Disease and Nuclear and Oxidative DNA Damage

Oral health is an important aspect of the overall health status of an individual. DNA damage has been associated with oral health and dental factors due to the increased of oxidative stress (OxS). DNA damage can produce a wide range of effects on human health. These effects could appear immediately, but others do not become evident much later. Chronic diseases have been study to understand their mechanisms, clinical implications, and the development of secondary disease such as cancer. Periodontitis is one of the most common oral diseases. It is an inflammatory chronic infectious disease, which is characterized by the loss of supporting tissues and tooth loss caused by periodontopathogens and long-term release of reactive oxygen species (ROS); thus, oxidative stress is increased during periodontitis. Oxidative stress can produce DNA damage, including the oxidation of nucleosides, which could cause DNA strand break. This oxidative damage leads the formation of micronuclei (MN) a marker of nuclear damage. Also, oxidative stress increased 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine levels which are the most common stable product of oxidative DNA damage

Radiographers supporting radiologists in the interpretation of screening mammography: a viable strategy to meet the shortage in the number of radiologists.

BackgroundAn alternative approach to the traditional model of radiologists interpreting screening mammography is necessary due to the shortage of radiologists to interpret screening mammograms in many countries.MethodsWe evaluated the performance of 15 Mexican radiographers, also known as radiologic technologists, in the interpretation of screening mammography after a 6 months training period in a screening setting. Fifteen radiographers received 6 months standardized training with radiologists in the interpretation of screening mammography using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) system. A challenging test set of 110 cases developed by the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium was used to evaluate their performance. We estimated sensitivity, specificity, false positive rates, likelihood ratio of a positive test (LR+) and the area under the subject-specific Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) for diagnostic accuracy. A mathematical model simulating the consequences in costs and performance of two hypothetical scenarios compared to the status quo in which a radiologist reads all screening mammograms was also performed.ResultsRadiographer's sensitivity was comparable to the sensitivity scores achieved by U.S. radiologists who took the test but their false-positive rate was higher. Median sensitivity was 73.3 % (Interquartile range, IQR: 46.7-86.7 %) and the median false positive rate was 49.5 % (IQR: 34.7-57.9 %). The median LR+ was 1.4 (IQR: 1.3-1.7 %) and the median AUC was 0.6 (IQR: 0.6-0.7). A scenario in which a radiographer reads all mammograms first, and a radiologist reads only those that were difficult for the radiographer, was more cost-effective than a scenario in which either the radiographer or radiologist reads all mammograms.ConclusionsGiven the comparable sensitivity achieved by Mexican radiographers and U.S. radiologists on a test set, screening mammography interpretation by radiographers appears to be a possible adjunct to radiologists in countries with shortages of radiologists. Further studies are required to assess the effectiveness of different training programs in order to obtain acceptable screening accuracy, as well as the best approaches for the use of non-physician readers to interpret screening mammography