Decidir um direito a voz do sujeito

El envejecimiento de la población es un problema social cada vez más visible en la sociedad actual y un tema de cierta pertinencia cuando se analiza desde el punto de vista ecológico. Este problema se ha ganado la atención de las políticas sociales que han venido a animar a las personas mayores a permanecer en sus casas. Pero ¿es esta también la inclinación real de la persona en cuestión? Si es así, ¿qué se necesita para que sean capaces de permanecer allí? ¿Y el contexto, es decir, el medio ambiente de los que él o ella forman parte, tiene algún efecto sobre la percepción de estas necesidades? Debido a que la vida de las personas mayores de hoy está marcada por sus decisiones y las decisiones tomadas a lo largo de su vida, y porque las decisiones relativas a su vida deben ser tomadas por ellos hasta el final de sus días, era esencial permitir a las personas mayores hablar y aprender de primera a mano si había un deseo general. Un enfoque ecológico, en este caso de estudio ha permitido hacer hincapié en las potencialidades y limitaciones de los contextos ambientales, que hace que sea más fácil o más difícil para una persona mayor dependiente vivir en su propia casa. Así, el contexto ha de tenerse en cuenta al equiparar las respuestas sociales y estas deben basarse en la equidad social y en la diferenciación positiva con el fin de establecer servicios sin la institucionalización de las personas.The aging of the population is an increasingly visible social problem in present-day society and a theme of some pertinence when analysed from an ecological point of view. This problem has earned the attention of social policies which have come to encourage the elderly to remain at home. But is this also the inclination of the actual individual concerned? If so, what is needed for them to be able to remain there? And does the context, in other words the environment of which he or she is part, have any effect on the perception of these needs? Because the life of the elderly today is marked by their decisions and the decisions taken about their life, and because decisions concerning their life should be taken by them to the end of their days, it was essential to allow the elderly to speak and to learn first-hand if there was a general wish. An ecological approach, in this case study made it possible to stress the potentials and limitations of the environmental contexts, which make it easier or more difficult for a dependent elderly person to live in their own home. Thus the context has to be taken into account in equating the social responses that should be based on social equity and positive differentiation in order to institute services without institutionalising people.O envelhecimento da população é um problema social, com uma visibilidade cada vez maior na sociedade atual, que se assume como um tema pertinente quando analisado na perspetiva ecológica. Este problema tem merecido a atenção de políticas sociais, que têm vindo a promover a permanência do idoso no seu domicílio. Mas será também esta a opinião do próprio individuo? Se for, então de que necessita para aí permanecer? E o contexto, ou seja o meio ambiente onde está integrado, tem ele influência na perceção das necessidades? Porque a vida do idoso de hoje é marcada pela suas decisões e as decisões sobre a sua vida devem ser por ele tomadas até ao fim dos seus dias, quisemos dar voz aos idosos e saber na primeira pessoa se permanecer no seu domicílio era uma vontade predominante. A abordagem ecológica neste estudo de caso permitiu salientar potencialidades e constrangimentos dos contextos territoriais, facilitadores ou inibidores da permanência do idoso com dependência no seu domicílio. Assim o contexto tem de ser tido em conta na equação de respostas sociais que devem ter por base a equidade social e a diferenciação positiva de modo a ser possível instituir serviços sem institucionalizar pessoas.peerReviewe

“Hurt right down the middle, but alive and well”: African American Gothic Elements in Toni Morrison’s Home

Toni Morrison’s Home presents the story of two siblings who return to their hometown of Lotus, Georgia, after facing several traumatic episodes throughout their lives. This article aims to observe and analyze the gothic elements presented in the novel—particularly those related to Ycidra’s tale. Those elements are discussed especially in their relation to the Gothic subgenre that Maisha Wester calls African American Gothic. Methodological procedures include a brief overview of the African American Gothic and an analysis and discussion of gothic themes in Home. The results show that Morrison employs and subverts some Anglo American gothic tropes in order to contest and critique the identities imposed upon black people by white gothic writers, thus offering an important revision of the genre

UV stability of biobased copolymers

Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - SFRH/BD/29802/200

Sintomas do deficit de atenção com hiperatividade em pacientes adultos com epilepsia

Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Cuidados Intensivos e Paliativos, Florianopolis, 2013.Introdução: O transtorno do deficit de atenção com hiperatividade (TDAH) é um dos distúrbios neurocomportamentais mais frequentemente diagnosticados na infância. Estima-se que a sua prevalência seja de 5% em crianças em idade escolar e 4,4% em adultos. O fato de que adultos são comumente acometidos pela doença e seriamente prejudicados, só recentemente se tornou o foco de atenção. Entre os pacientes com epilepsia (PCE), a prevalência de TDAH é ainda maior, cerca de 12-77%.Métodos: Estudo observacional do tipo caso-controle. Foram estudados 95 PCE e 100 controles. Foi realizada entrevista através de questionário semiestruturado, bem como revisão de prontuário e aplicação das escalas ?Adult Self-Report Scale? (ASRS 18), Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão (HADS) e Escala de Avaliação de Efeitos Colaterais (AEP).Resultados: Encontrou-se uma prevalência de sintomas de deficit de atenção com hiperatividade (SDAH) em 57,89% dos pacientes e 25% nos controles (pAbstract : Background: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (ADHD) is the neurobehavioral disorder most often diagnosed in childhood. The estimated prevalence is 5% in children and 4.4% among adults. Adults are commonly and severely affected by this disorder and only recently became the focus of attention. The prevalence of ADHD is even higher among patients with epilepsy (PWE), approximately 12-77%.Methods: We performed an observational case-control study with 95 PWE and 100 controls. We conducted a semi-structured interview, medical record review and applied the following scales: Adult Self - Report Scale (ASRS 18), The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Adverse Events Profile (AEP).Results: We found a prevalence of Attention Deficit with Hyperactivity Symptoms (ADHS) of 57.89% among patients and 25% in controls (p<0.0001). We observed depression in 33.7% of patients versus 21% of controls (p=0.047), while there was no statistically significant difference in anxiety between both groups. However, we found the presence of anxiety among 70.9% of patients with ADHS and 27.5% of those without ADHS (p<0.0001) and 43.6% of depression among patients with ADHS against 20% among those without ADHD (p=0.016). In addition, PWE with ADHS showed statistically significant differences versus those without ADHS in relation to employability (p=0.026) and the AEP score (p<0.0001).Conclusion: This study identified a high prevalence of ADHS in PWE, coexistence of psychiatric comorbidities, anxiety and depression in this group, as well as the social impact and treatment of epilepsy. Possibly the association of psychiatric comorbidities, particularly ADHS in the population with epilepsy may have impact on treatment compliance

The International Expansion of São Paulo’s “Primeiro Comando da Capital” (PCC): notes on the illicit drug trade in South America

This article examines the trajectory of the “Primeiro Comando da Capital” or PCC, a prison-based organized criminal group from Brazil, and its participation in transnational drug trafficking in South America, notably around the Paraguayan-Brazilian border. The article makes use of data from semi-structured interviews, literature review, media and document analysis under the theoretical framework of organised crime. Furthermore, it addresses the issues of drug prohibition, punitive selectivity of the criminal justice system and mass incarceration

TRAUMA MAMILAR EM PUÉRPERAS NO ALOJAMENTO CONJUNTO: ESTUDO DESCRITIVO

Objective: to investigate the presence of nipple trauma in postpartum women at hospital discharge. Method: Cross-sectional, retrospective and descriptive study, in rooming-in at a public hospital. Sociodemographic data were collected from postpartum women, delivery, birth, breastfeeding and characterization of the nipple lesion at discharge. For analysis, the statistical software Statistical Analysis System (SAS), version 9.4 was used. Results: 480 postpartum women, 56.04% had nipple trauma, excoriation being the most frequent (28.13%). The type of breastfeeding that prevailed at discharge was exclusive breastfeeding (96.46%). Prenatal care performed at the hospital studied was associated with a lower frequency of developing nipple trauma. The use of formula was more present when nipple trauma occurred. Conclusion: The high frequency of nipple trauma shows that it is essential to equip professionals to deal with the difficulties experienced by women in the breastfeeding process. Educational activities should include identification and classification of nipple trauma.Objetivo: investigar la presencia de trauma del pezón en puérperas al alta hospitalaria. Método: Estudio transversal, retrospectivo y descriptivo, en alojamiento conjunto en un hospital público. Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos de puérperas, parto, parto, lactancia y caracterización de la lesión del pezón al alta. Para el análisis se utilizó el software estadístico Statistical Analysis System (SAS), versión 9.4. Resultados: De 480 puérperas, el 56,04% presentó traumatismo en el pezón, siendo la excoriación la más frecuente (28,13%). El tipo de lactancia materna que predominó al alta fue la lactancia materna exclusiva (96,46%). La atención prenatal realizada en el hospital estudiado se asoció con una menor frecuencia de desarrollo de traumatismos en los pezones. El uso de fórmula estuvo más presente cuando ocurrió un traumatismo en el pezón. Conclusión: La alta frecuencia de traumatismos en el pezón muestra que es fundamental equipar a los profesionales para hacer frente a las dificultades experimentadas por las mujeres en el proceso de lactancia. Las actividades educativas deben incluir la identificación y clasificación del trauma del pezón.Objetivo: investigar a presença de trauma mamilar em puérperas na alta hospitalar de alojamento conjunto. Método: estudo transversal, retrospectivo e descritivo, em alojamento conjunto de um hospital público. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos e do parto, nascimento, aleitamento e caracterização da lesão mamilar. O estudo abrangeu todos os meses de 2018. Para análise, utilizou-se o software estatístico Statistical Analysis System (SAS), versão 9.4, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: da amostra de 480 puérperas, 56,04% apresentaram traumas mamilares, sendo escoriação a lesão mais frequente (28,13%). O aleitamento materno exclusivo prevaleceu na alta (96,46%) e o uso de fórmula láctea esteve mais presente quando ocorreu trauma mamilar. Conclusão: a elevada frequência de trauma mamilar denota que é imprescindível a instrumentalização dos profissionais de saúde para lidarem com as dificuldades vivenciadas pelas mulheres no processo de amamentação, contemplando também identificação e classificação do trauma mamilar. Descritores: Ferimentos e Lesões. Aleitamento Materno. Alojamento Conjunto. Período Pós Parto. Mamilos

Sustained gene expression in the retina by improved episomal vectors

Gene and cellular therapies are nowadays part of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of diverse pathologies. The drawbacks associated with gene therapy-low levels of transgene expression, vector loss during mitosis, and gene silencing-need to be addressed. The pEPI-1 and pEPito family of vectors was developed to overcome these limitations. It contains a scaffold/matrix attachment region, which anchors its replication to cell division in eukaryotic cells while in an extrachromosomal state and is less prone to silencing, due to a lower number of CpG motifs. Recent success showed that ocular gene therapy is an important tool for the treatment of several diseases, pending the overcome of the aforementioned limitations. To achieve sustained gene delivery in the retina, we evaluated several vectors based on pEPito and pEPI-1 for their ability to sustain transgene expression in retinal cells. These vectors stably transfected and replicated in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Expression levels were promoter dependent with constitutive promoters cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter (CMV) and human CMV enhancer/human elongation factor 1 alpha promoter yielding the highest levels of transgene expression compared with the retina-specific RPE65 promoter. When injected in C57Bl6 mice, transgene expression was sustained for at least 32 days. Furthermore, the retina-specific RPE65 promoter showed higher efficiency in vivo compared to in vitro. In this study, we demonstrate that by combining tissue-specific promoters with a mitotic stable system, less susceptible to epigenetic silencing such as pEPito-based plasmids, we can achieve prolonged gene expression and a sustained therapeutic effect.Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia, Portugal [PEst/OE/EQB-LA 0023/2013, SFRH/BD/76873/2011, SFRH/BD/70318/2010, PTDC/SAU/BEB/098475/2008]; European Union [PIRG-GA-2009-249314

Laurolactam as a stabilizer against the thermo-oxidative degradation of poly(ether-ester)

In this study we examined the influence of laurolactam on the thermo-oxidative degradation of a copolymer of poly(butylene terephthalate) and polybutylene glycol and of di(ethyleneglycol) dibenzoate, used as model compound. The degradation was followed by measurement of the oxygen uptake, FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy and measurement of the intrinsic viscosity changes during degradation. A stabilizing effect of laurolactam on the thermo-oxidative degradation could be observed, as an induction time was defined in which hydroperoxides were not formed and molecular weight was kept constant. After this period the oxygen uptake, hydroperoxide formation and polymer conversion increased more slowly