Diverse values of nature for sustainability

Twenty-five years since foundational publications on valuing ecosystem services for human well-being(1,2), addressing the global biodiversity crisis(3) still implies confronting barriers to incorporating nature's diverse values into decision-making. These barriers include powerful interests supported by current norms and legal rules such as property rights, which determine whose values and which values of nature are acted on. A better understanding of how and why nature is (under)valued is more urgent than ever(4). Notwithstanding agreements to incorporate nature's values into actions, including the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF)(5) and the UN Sustainable Development Goals(6), predominant environmental and development policies still prioritize a subset of values, particularly those linked to markets, and ignore other ways people relate to and benefit from nature(7). Arguably, a 'values crisis' underpins the intertwined crises of biodiversity loss and climate change(8), pandemic emergence(9) and socio-environmental injustices(10). On the basis of more than 50,000 scientific publications, policy documents and Indigenous and local knowledge sources, the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) assessed knowledge on nature's diverse values and valuation methods to gain insights into their role in policymaking and fuller integration into decisions(7,11). Applying this evidence, combinations of values-centred approaches are proposed to improve valuation and address barriers to uptake, ultimately leveraging transformative changes towards more just (that is, fair treatment of people and nature, including inter- and intragenerational equity) and sustainable futures

Diverse values of nature for sustainability

Twenty-five years since foundational publications on valuing ecosystem services for human well-being1,2, addressing the global biodiversity crisis3 still implies confronting barriers to incorporating nature’s diverse values into decision-making. These barriers include powerful interests supported by current norms and legal rules such as property rights, which determine whose values and which values of nature are acted on. A better understanding of how and why nature is (under)valued is more urgent than ever4. Notwithstanding agreements to incorporate nature’s values into actions, including the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF)5 and the UN Sustainable Development Goals6, predominant environmental and development policies still prioritize a subset of values, particularly those linked to markets, and ignore other ways people relate to and benefit from nature7. Arguably, a ‘values crisis’ underpins the intertwined crises of biodiversity loss and climate change8, pandemic emergence9 and socio-environmental injustices10. On the basis of more than 50,000 scientific publications, policy documents and Indigenous and local knowledge sources, the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) assessed knowledge on nature’s diverse values and valuation methods to gain insights into their role in policymaking and fuller integration into decisions7,11. Applying this evidence, combinations of values-centred approaches are proposed to improve valuation and address barriers to uptake, ultimately leveraging transformative changes towards more just (that is, fair treatment of people and nature, including inter- and intragenerational equity) and sustainable futures

Diverse values of nature for sustainability

Twenty-five years since foundational publications on valuing ecosystem services for human well-being, addressing the global biodiversity crisis still implies confronting barriers to incorporating nature’s diverse values into decision-making. These barriers include powerful interests supported by current norms and legal rules such as property rights, which determine whose values and which values of nature are acted on. A better understanding of how and why nature is (under)valued is more urgent than ever. Notwithstanding agreements to incorporate nature’s values into actions, including the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) and the UN Sustainable Development Goals, predominant environmental and development policies still prioritize a subset of values, particularly those linked to markets, and ignore other ways people relate to and benefit from nature. Arguably, a ‘values crisis’ underpins the intertwined crises of biodiversity loss and climate change, pandemic emergence and socio-environmental injustices. On the basis of more than 50,000 scientific publications, policy documents and Indigenous and local knowledge sources, the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) assessed knowledge on nature’s diverse values and valuation methods to gain insights into their role in policymaking and fuller integration into decisions. Applying this evidence, combinations of values-centred approaches are proposed to improve valuation and address barriers to uptake, ultimately leveraging transformative changes towards more just (that is, fair treatment of people and nature, including inter- and intragenerational equity) and sustainable futures

Immunopathlogy of leprosy: local immune response patterns deciphered using New Generation Sequencing

A hanseníase é uma doença infecciosa, granulomatosa causada pelo Mycobacterium leprae. Sua imunopatogênese, manifestada no(s) sítio(s) patológico(s) do tecido acometido, é um processo complexo, particularmente à luz da notável heterogeneidade de subconjuntos de células T envolvidas. Este estudo avaliou a resposta imunológica das formas polares, no contexto da hanseníase, utilizando a técnica de Sequenciamento de Nova Geração (NGS). Foram avaliadas as expressões gênicas de citocinas e receptores associados, em amostras de lesões obtidas a partir de sete biópsias de pele (três derivadas de pacientes com a forma tuberculóide e 4 derivadas de pacientes com a forma Virchowiana), com o fim de comparativamente caracterizar o padrão de resposta imune tecidual nas formas clínicas polares da hanseníase. Na forma Virchowiana, observamos expressão diferenciada das seguintes citocinas: IL18BP, IL10, IL-4I1, IL-27, TGF1, IL-18 e IL-16. Os genes de receptores mais expressos na forma Virchowiana foram: IL-10RA e IL-10 RB, IL-5RA, IL-12RB1, IL-2RG, IL-2RB, IL17RA e IL-4R. Na forma tuberculóide, foram observadas com maior expressão as citocinas: IL-13, IL-36G, IL11, IL-12B, IL-21, IL-17B, IL-17D, IL15, TGF3, IL7 e IL-23A. Os genes de receptores mais expressos na forma tuberculóide foram: IL-17REL, IL-17-RE, IL-23R, IL-1R1, IL-1R2, IL-18R1, IL-7R, IL-13RA2 e IL-2RB, IL-2RG e IL-12RB1. Nossos resultados nos permitiram a construção de um painel contendo as citocinas e seus receptores mais fortemente expressos em cada forma polar. Estes achados, em grande monta, corroboraram com a literatura prévia, além de demonstrarem citocinas ainda não implicadas anteriormente com a hanseníase, tais como a IL-11. Também observamos a expressão diferenciada de citocinas, como a IL-17, que agem como importante mediador inflamatório, o que abre a possibilidade terapêutica envolvendo tratamento de estados de hiper inflamação, como é o caso das reações hansênicas. Desta forma, tomados em conjunto, os resultados deste estudo podem ajudar no entendimento dos mecanismos subjacentes à resposta imune dos pacientes, assim como no desenvolvimento de novas estratégias terapêuticasLeprosy is an infectious, granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Its immunopathogenesis, manifested in the pathological site(s) of the affected tissue, is a complex process, particularly considering the remarkable heterogeneity of subsets of T cells involved. This study evaluated the immune response of the polar forms, in the context of leprosy, using the Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technique. Gene expressions of cytokines and associated receptors were evaluated in samples of lesions obtained from seven skin biopsies (three from patients with the tuberculoid form and four from patients with the Virchowian form), to comparatively characterize the tissue immune response pattern in polar clinical forms of leprosy. In the Virchowian form, we observed differentiated expression of the following cytokines: IL18BP, IL10, IL-4I1, IL-27, TGF1, IL-18, and IL-16. The most expressed receptor genes in the Virchowian form were IL-10RA and IL-10 RB, IL-5RA, IL-12RB1, IL-2RG, IL-2RB, IL17RA and IL-4R. In the tuberculoid form, the following cytokines were observed with greater expression: IL-13, IL-36G, IL11, IL-12B, IL-21, IL-17B, IL-17D, IL15, TGF3, IL7 and IL-23A. The most expressed receptor genes in the tuberculoid form were IL-17REL, IL-17-RE, IL-23R, IL-1R1, IL-1R2, IL-18R1, IL-7R, IL-13RA2 and IL-2RB, IL -2RG and IL-12RB1. Our results allowed us to construct a panel containing the cytokines and their receptors most strongly expressed in each polar form. These findings, to a large extent, corroborate the previous literature, in addition to demonstrating cytokines not previously implicated in leprosy, such as IL-11. We also observed the differentiated expression of cytokines, such as IL-17, which act as an important inflammatory mediator, which opens the therapeutic possibility involving the treatment of hyper-inflammatory states, as is the case of leprosy reactions. Thus, taken together, the results of this study may help in understanding the mechanisms underlying the immune response of patients, as well as in the development of new therapeutic strategie

Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma

Cutaneous lymphomas are classified according to their cellular origin into T-cell lymphoma and B-cell lymphoma. The annual incidence rate is 0.3 per 100,000 population. We report a case of a 56-year-old male patient who presented with a two-month history of nodules of varying sizes, some ulcerated, on the face, abdomen, and upper limbs. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical study confirmed the diagnosis of primary cutaneous centrofollicular lymphoma. Studies have shown an increased incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the last decade. We report an infrequent case that should be kept as a differential diagnosis of patients with nodules and cutaneous papules.PIRES, C.A.A. Universidade Federal do Par

Hemangioma em penacho no pavilhão auricular: importância do diagnóstico diferencial

Tufted angioma is an acquired vascular proliferation with specific histological characteristics. The most common clinical features are erythematous macules. It occurs predominantly in children and young adults, especially in the chest and neck. We report the case of a male patient, 12 years old, with an increased right ear auricle associated with erythematous macules and increased local temperature, referred with a diagnosis of lepromatous leprosy; however, this diagnosis was questioned. Histopathology was consistent with tufted angioma.O Hemangioma em penacho é uma proliferação vascular adquirida de características histológicas peculiares. Sua característica clínica mais comum são máculas eritematosas. Ocorre predominantemente em crianças e adultos jovens, principalmente no tórax e pescoço. Relata-se o caso de paciente do sexo masculino, 12 anos, com aumento do pavilhão auricular direito associado a máculas eritematosas e aumento da temperatura local, encaminhado com diagnóstico de Hanseníase Virchowiana, entretanto, tal diagnóstico foi questionado. Histopatologia compatível com Hemangioma em penacho