Econometric Modeling for the Analysis of the Influence of Safety Perceptions on Travelers’ Behavior

The objective of this research is to study the influence that safety perceptions have on travelers’ behavior in a broad array of choice contexts and investigate issues that have not been sufficiently addressed by the transportation literature, such as the influence of tangible attributes on perceptions and the influence of indicators’ complexity on the model estimates. Using three existing databases, we study the influence of risk perception on drivers' behavior, the influence of safety and comfort perceptions on individuals’ preferences for inland waterway passenger transportation, and the influence of these latent variables in the competition between BRT and motorcycle taxis. We design two ad-hoc surveys, the first one to study the influence of safety perceptions and some individual attitudes toward cycling, on the intention to use the public transportation integration on a bike and ride strategy. The second survey study safety and comfort perceptions of riding conventional feeder buses and auto-rickshaws as part of a BRT system. We demonstrate that tangible attributes have a significant effect on both the utility and the safety perception of individuals, which allows for the evaluation of policies related to latent variables and studying how a certain policy modifies safety perception. We also prove that the number of indicators per latent variable, the type of the scale and the granularity in which indicators are measured do affect the error variance of the measurement component. We show that the use of odd-numbered Likert scales contributes to a lower error variance of the measurement component

Using Multi-Agent Transport Simulations to Assess the Impact of EV Charging Infrastructure Deployment

Over the last two decades, electrification has gained importance as a means to decarbonise the transport sector. As the number of Electric Vehicles (EVs)increases, it is important to consider broader system aspects as well, especially when deciding the type, coverage, size and location of the charging infrastructure required. In this article, a Multi-Agent model depicting long distance transport in Sweden is proposed, allowing to simulate different scenarios and enabling a more detailed analysis of the interaction between these vehicles and the charging infrastructure

Urnula rhytidia (Berk.) Cooke, un raro discomicete (Pezizales, Ascomycotina), hallado en las Villuercas (Cáceres)

Urnula rhytidia, a rare Discomycete (Pezizales, Ascomycotina), collected in Las Villuercas (Caceres, W Spain). A rare ascomycete, Urnula rhy tidia, typically (but not always) associated with Eucalyptus litter, is thoroughly described, illustrated and discussed; its distribution, which is here summarised, is confined to isolated areas in different countries. The latter was reported in Spain once again. The authors afford new information to their previous taxonomic treatments, mainly enlarging the synonimic list. Finally, the curious ornamentation pattern of the spores is showed at S. E. M.Se describe, iconografia y comenta Urnula rhytidia, un raro ascomicete, generalmente (pero no siempre) ligado al humus de Eucalyptus spp ., que sólo aparece en a puntos dispersos en diferentes continentes. Se realiza una síntesis de su distribución, que ahora se amplía por segunda vez en lo que a España se refiere, y de los tratamientos taxonómicos anteriores, con especial énfasis en la lista de sinónimos. Por último, se aporta un estudio detallado al M. E. B. de la curiosa ornamentación esporal

Urnula rhytidia (Berk.) Cooke, un raro discomicete (Pezizales, Ascomycotina), hallado en las Villuercas (Cáceres)

Urnula rhytidia, a rare Discomycete (Pezizales, Ascomycotina), collected in Las Villuercas (Caceres, W Spain). A rare ascomycete, Urnula rhy tidia, typically (but not always) associated with Eucalyptus litter, is thoroughly described, illustrated and discussed; its distribution, which is here summarised, is confined to isolated areas in different countries. The latter was reported in Spain once again. The authors afford new information to their previous taxonomic treatments, mainly enlarging the synonimic list. Finally, the curious ornamentation pattern of the spores is showed at S. E. M.Se describe, iconografia y comenta Urnula rhytidia, un raro ascomicete, generalmente (pero no siempre) ligado al humus de Eucalyptus spp ., que sólo aparece en a puntos dispersos en diferentes continentes. Se realiza una síntesis de su distribución, que ahora se amplía por segunda vez en lo que a España se refiere, y de los tratamientos taxonómicos anteriores, con especial énfasis en la lista de sinónimos. Por último, se aporta un estudio detallado al M. E. B. de la curiosa ornamentación esporal

Modelo de demanda para un tren de pasajeros entre Tunja y Bogotá

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una encuesta de preferencias declaradas en un experimento de elección discreta, diseñado para examinar la demanda potencial de un nuevo sistema de transporte de pasajeros tipo tren entre Tunja y Bogotá. El estudio investiga acerca del comportamiento en la elección de tres modos de transporte: bus, tren y auto. Cada modo fue representado en términos del costo, tiempo de viaje e intervalo de tiempo entre despachos con un modelo logit mixto que incluye para los individuos la variable asiduidad. El modelo se utilizó para experimentar con distintos escenarios y se encontró para cada uno de ellos el reparto modal correspondiente. / This paper presents the results of stated-preference in a discrete choice experiments designed to examine the potential demand for a new type of passenger train between Tunja and Bogotá. The study investigates choice behaviour between three modes of transportation: bus, train and car. Each mode is represented in terms of cost, travel time and headway with a mixed logit model, which includes regularly for individuals. The model was used to experiment with different scenarios, finding the modal split for each

Estimación del valor estadístico de la vida asociado a la seguridad vial en Bogotá.

Se presentan los resultados de la investigación “Valoración estadística de la vida para el análisis del impacto de la accidentalidad”, fundamentada en un experimento de elección, mediante encuestas de preferencias declaradas, para estimar la disposición a pagar por reducir el riesgo de muerte en el contexto del servicio de transporte público colectivo en Bogotá. El experimento estudia la elección entre el servicio de transporte convencional y un nuevo sistema más seguro, a partir de la comparación de los atributos: tarifa, tiempo de viaje y probabilidad de muerte. Los datos recopilados se ajustan a un modelo Probit Binario que incluye el ingreso y nivel educativo de los individuos. Se encontró que el valor estadístico de la vida en este contexto es de 128 millones de pesos, el cual resulta significativamente inferior a valores internacionales trasladados a la renta colombiana, así que se abre el debate sobre el tema en el ámbito nacional

Michel parameters in the presence of massive Dirac and Majorana neutrinos

We analyse the effects of Dirac and Majorana neutrinos on leptonic decays of muon and tau leptons using the most general four-lepton effective interaction Hamiltonian of dimension six. We calculate the specific energy and angular distribution of the final charged lepton, including the polarizations of the initial and final charged leptons. We discuss the new generalized Michel parameters and focus on the effects of the heavy neutrino masses that would lead to sizable contributions on scenarios where the new sterile neutrinos have non-negligible mixing. Specifically, the most promising scenario is found for the case of $\tau$ decay with one heavy final-state neutrino with a mass around $10^2 - 10^3$ MeV, where the linear term suppression could be of order $10^{-3}$, low enough to be measured in current and forthcoming experiments.Comment: 34 pages, 4 figure

Underuse of indicated medications in elderly

Introduction: Treatment omissions are very important to value the quality of pharmacological therapy. In fact, suboptimal prescribing has been defined as overuse (polypharmacy), inappropriate prescribing (drug whose risks are greater than the benefits in older adults) and underuse of indicated medications. This omission of drug therapy may be linked to certain health outcomes in older patients, such as, for instance, the greater risk of cardiovascular events and mortality Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was performed. The study population comprised 407 community-dwelling residents over the age of 65 on Lanzarote (Canary Islands, Spain), where there are 15 primary healthcare centres. Data recorded included socio-demographic characteristics, clinical status, functional and cognitive assessment, and complete information about drugs intake. Potential prescribing omissions (PPO) were evaluated according to Screening Tool to Alert doctors to Right Treatment (START). Results: A total of 1844 medications were prescribed to the patients included in our study (median number per patient: 4.5 drugs; range: 0-14: polypharmacy prevalence: 45%). Omeprazole was the most frequently used drug followed by aspirin, furosemide and enalapril. START identified PPO in 170 (41.8%) subjects. Sixteen of the 22 START criteria (72.7%) were used to identify these PPO. The endocrine system accounted for over half the omissions (51.8%), followed by the cardiovascular system (26.7%), where the main omission was anticoagulants in the presence of chronic atrial fibrillation. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk of PPO increased by 60% for every additional point in the Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.35-1.91). Increasing numbers of medications also independently predicted the odds of at least one PPO according to START criteria (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.36-3.55). Conclusions: Our findings show high rates of polypharmacy and PPO, as well as a clear relationship between these two concepts.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec