Особливості проблемного навчання щодо розвитку творчо-інтелектуальних здібностей учнів на уроках технологій

(uk) У статті розглядаються поняття «творчо-інтелектуальні здібності», «інноваційні педагогічні технології». Розкривається сутність проблемного навчання, як однієї з педагогічних технологій, що допомагає у розвитку творчо-інтелектуальних здібностей учнів на уроках технологій. Зазначається важливість впровадження інноваційних педагогічних технологій, а саме проблемного навчання у навчальному процесі при підготовці майбутнього вчителя технологій.(en) The article deals with the notions of “creative and intellectual abilities” and “innovative pedagogical technologies”. It snows the essence of problem teaching as one of pedagogical technologies that helps to develop creative and intellectual abilities of pupils at the lessons of Technologies. It takes into consideration the significance of the implementation of innovative pedagogical technologies, specifically the implementation of problem teaching in the process of studying while preparing future Technology teachers

Lifestyle impact on serum level of vitamin D and PTH, in elderly

Introduction: The aging process is responsible for health decline and may lead to the dependence and consequent institutionalization. Bone metabolism involves serum calcium regulators, such as vitamin D and PTH. Objetives: The following study evaluated and compared serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and iPTH in elderly people living in institutions and living in their homes (free-living), with active and independent life. Methods: We evaluated 50 elderly (25 institutionalized and 25 not institutionalized). We made an individual questionnaire and we collected blood to measured the serum concentrations of iPTH and 25(OH)D. Results: Not institutionalized elderly showed higher 25(OH)D serum levels, comparing with institutionalized elderly (pvalue<0,05). The serum concentration of 25(OH)D was inversely correlated with iPTH. Furthermore calcium supplementation correlated with higher serum levels of 25(OH)D (p-value<0.05) and lower concentrations of iPTH (p-value<0,05). The free-living elderly who practice three or more activities per day, had higher concentrations of 25(OH)D (p-value<0.05) and lower concentrations of iPTH (p-value<0.05), compared to the institutionalized elderly. Outdoor activities showed also correlation with serum concentrations of both hormones (p-value<0.05). Conclusion: The adoption of an active lifestyle and the contact with nature, carry profit to a better aging process.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Psychological functioning of patients at earlier grades of COPD

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) has a major impact on patients' psychological function. Anxiety and depression have been reported in approximately 50% of patients with COPD. However, most of the available data is related to patients at advanced grades. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of anxiety and depression in patients at earlier grades of COPD. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 98 outpatients with COPD (GOLD 1 and GOLD 2) in the central region of Portugal. Socio-demographic and functioning data were collected with a questionnaire based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Spirometry was also performed. Anxiety and depression were evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Descriptive statistics and χ2 tests were applied using PASW Statistics version 18.0. Participants mean age was 64.46±12.68 years old and mean FEV1 % predicted was 75.59±15.88. Approximately half of the sample (n=53; 54.08%) had symptoms of anxiety (HADS-A≥8), 40.82%(n=40) of depression (HADS-D≥8) and 31.63%(n=31) of both. The grade of COPD and gender were not found to be significantly associated with anxiety or depression. However, anxiety was significantly associated with severe dyspnea (p=0.025) and depression with higher difficulties in walking (p=0.001) and higher restrictions in participating in community life (p=0.049). Patients with COPD at earlier grades have high levels of anxiety and depression. Knowledge about the psychological functioning of patients with COPD will inform psycho-education and respiratory physiotherapy interventions, to support patients and improve their adjustment to the disease.publishe

Family care in advanced COPD: Perceived difficulties and expectations of support from services

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is an incapacitating, highly prevalent disease which often requires intensive support from patient's family members. However, knowledge about the difficulties experienced by family members in their caregiving role remains scarce. This study aimed to explore the difficulties experienced by family carers, and their expectations towards social and health support services. A qualitative, cross-sectional study was conducted with 21 family carers of COPD outpatients at advanced grades (GOLD 3 and 4). Semi-structured interviews were performed to collect data. Participants were mostly female (n=20), with a mean age of 60.90±12.35 years old, spouses (n=12) and caring for more than 4 years (n=18). All interviews were audiorecorded, transcribed and submitted to content analysis by 2 independent judges. The major difficulties reported are related to: i) provide support in basic [washing (n=6), dressing (n=2)], and in instrumental activities of daily living [preparing meals (n=4)]; ii) communication with patient (n=2); and iii) restrictions in social activities (n=2); Six carers did not identify any difficulty. Most of participants (n=12) could not identify how formal support services could help them. Only 3 participants reported the need of help to provide support in activities of daily living. Carers reported several difficulties in their caregiving role. However, they were unable to identify how social and health services could support them. The lack of information about community resources might explain these results. Strategies towards effective flow of information must be addressed in order to prevent caregivers' burden.publishe

Living with COPD: Psychological distress among family carers

The impacts of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in terms of patients' psychological distress have been well reported. However, COPD also poses several challenges to family carers, as they represent a primary source of support to patients. Yet, the burden of COPD in terms of family carers' psychological distress remains relatively unexplored. This study aimed to assess the presence of anxiety and depression symptoms among family carers. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 110 family carers of patients with COPD, in the central region of Portugal. A structured questionnaire based on ICF-checklist was used to collect socio-demographic and subjective health status data; Depression and anxiety were measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Descriptive statistics and χ2 tests were applied using PASW Statistics 18.0. Participants' mean age was 59.99±12.33 years old and were mainly female (n=87;79.1%). The majority were spouses (n=75;68.2%) and caring for more than 4 years (n=66;60%). 67.3% of participants presented anxiety symptoms, 37.3% depression symptoms and 28.2% presented both. Subjective mental health was significantly associated with anxiety (p=0.001) and depression (p=0.001). Subjective physical health was significantly related with depression (p=0.001). No other statistically significant associations were found. Caring for a patient with COPD can impact negatively on the psychological health of family carers. Similar results have been shown in the context of other chronic conditions, such as cancer, dementia or stroke. The results highlight the need of supportive interventions tailored to the particularities of DPOC caregiving in order to prevent burden among family carers.publishe

Esforços de capacitação tecnológica da indústria de bens de capital - segmento de máquinas e equipamentos: um estudo de caso de empresas líderes em Santa Catarina

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Sócio-Econômico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Economia, Florianópolis, 2013.A presente dissertação tem como objetivo analisar os esforços de capacitação tecnológica da produção de máquinas e equipamentos de empresas líderes tecnológicas, das microrregiões de Joinville e Blumenau, localizadas no estado de Santa Catarina, em relação ao padrão observado para o segmento em nível nacional. Buscou-se na teoria neo-schumpeteriana e sobre a indústria de bens de capital os alicerces do conhecimento de base essenciais para direcionar o estudo. A partir de então foram utilizados, dentre uma diversidade de analises complementares, a PINTEC (publicações de 2003, 2005 e 2008), para entender como é o padrão de capacitação e desenvolvimento tecnológico das empresas de máquinas e equipamentos da indústria nacional, que serviu de plano de fundo para analisar os padrões de capacitação/desenvolvimento tecnológico de empresas líderes selecionadas da região, subdivididos para a tecnologia de produção seriada ou sob-encomenda. O estudo do caso na região, nesta via, foi feito por meio de entrevistas e questionários. Pode-se observar que, para o padrão nacional, grande parte da tecnologia é repassada por meio da aquisição de máquinas e equipamentos de fornecedores internacionais, ocorrendo uma diminuição dos departamentos e da importância de P&D para o desenvolvimento/capacitação tecnológica do setor, em detrimento a absorção de informações exógenas. O movimento incide na redução das capacidades de desenvolvimento endógeno do segmento, que fortaleceu os vínculos de dependência tecnológica exógena. Por outro lado, as líderes analisadas na região não fazem parte do movimento. Nestas empresas os departamentos de P&D foram o eixo dinâmico de desenvolvimento tecnológico, com base em um amplo sistema de treinamento de recursos humanos, com fins de absorver tecnologia exógena e desenvolver sua própria tecnologia endógena. Principalmente a produção sob-encomenda apresentou ser mais intensiva ainda em esforços de capacitação tecnológica, tirando proveito de profundos resultados da inovação, assim como demonstrou ser muito menos dependente dos repasses tecnológicos dos fornecedores internacionais de tecnologia. Por via de análise dos mecanismos de aprendizado dominantes no setor, tanto para a produção seriada ou sob-encomenda, expressou extrema importância o learning by doing, e o learning by searching. Este último principalmente para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos, na produção sob-encomenda. Também destacou-se, para a produção seriada, o learning by interacting (com fornecedores), enquanto para a produção sob-encomenda foi o learning by using This work aims to analyze the efforts of leading technology in the production of machinery and equipment sector, in the microregions Joinville and Blumenau, in the state of Santa Catarina, in comparison to the pattern observed for the segment nationally. We sought in the neo-Schumpeterian theory and the capital goods industry the foundation of the knowledge base, essential to direct the study. From then, were used a variety of complementary analyzes, among which PINTEC (Search for Technological Innovation, publications of 2003, 2005 and 2008), to understand the pattern of technological training and development of enterprises of machinery and equipment of the domestic industry, which served as background to analyze the patterns of technological training / development of the region's leading companies selected, subdivided into the technology of mass production or under-ordering. The study in the region was done through interviews and questionnaires. It can be observed that for the national standard, much of the technology is transferred through the acquisition of machinery and equipment from international suppliers, there is a decrease in the departments and the importance of R&D for technology development / training in the sector, to the detriment absorption of exogenous information. The movement observed is the capacity reduction of endogenous technological development segment, which strengthened the bonds of exogenous technological dependence. However, the leaders analyzed in the region were outside of the movement. In these companies the R&D departments were the axis dynamic technological development, based on a comprehensive system of training of human resources, with the purpose of absorbing technology exogenous and develop their own endogenous technology. Mainly the production under-ordering utilizes intensive efforts in technological capabilities, absolving in deep the innovation results, and proved to be much less dependent on technological transfers from international suppliers of others machinery and equipment. Through the analysis of learning mechanisms dominant in the sector, both for mass/series production or under-ordering, had expressed extreme importance the learning by doing and learning by searching. The latter mainly for the new product development, in the under-order production. Also stood out for serial production the learning by interacting (with suppliers), while for the under-production order was the learning by using