Temas Socio-Jurídicos. Volumen 2 No. 4 Enero de 1984

El Centro de Investigaciones de la Corporación Universitaria Autónoma de Bucaramanga, entrega a sus lectores la edición No. 11 de la Revista “Temas Socio Jurídicos’’ de la Facultad de Derecho.The Research Center of the Autonomous University Corporation of Bucaramanga, delivers to its readers the edition No. 11 of the Magazine "Socio Legal Issues" of the Faculty of Law

Day-to-day living with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Towards a family-based approach to the illness impacts

Objective: This study explores the perspectives of both patients and family members regarding the impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in their family life. Design: An exploratory qualitative study was conducted with patients and their family members in the chronic phase of COPD. Individual interviews were performed to explore participants’ perspectives and submitted to thematic analysis. Results: Six major themes emerged from patients’ perspective: (1) impact of COPD symptoms on personal and family daily life; (2) (over)protective family support; (3) difficulties in couple communication; (4) sense of identity loss; (5) fear of COPD progression; and (6) coping resources. Five main themes emerged from the family members’ perspective: (1) restrictions in family’s social life; (2) emotional distress related to COPD exacerbations; (3) tension in couple relationship; (4) financial strain of COPD; and (5) coping resources. Conclusions: The overall findings illustrate the complex interaction between the experience of living with COPD and communication patterns, emotional states, social support and social roles within the family. The results highlight the need to develop family-based interventions to facilitate a functional adjustment to COPD. However, these interventions in COPD remain undeveloped and empirical evidence is needed

Caribbean-Wide, Long-Term Study of Seagrass Beds Reveals Local Variations, Shifts in Community Structure and Occasional Collapse

The CARICOMP monitoring network gathered standardized data from 52 seagrass sampling stations at 22 sites (mostly Thalassia testudinum-dominated beds in reef systems) across the Wider Caribbean twice a year over the period 1993 to 2007 (and in some cases up to 2012). Wide variations in community total biomass (285 to >2000 g dry m−2) and annual foliar productivity of the dominant seagrass T. testudinum (2000 g dry m−2) were found among sites. Solar-cycle related intra-annual variations in T. testudinum leaf productivity were detected at latitudes > 16°N. Hurricanes had little to no long-term effects on these well-developed seagrass communities, except for 1 station, where the vegetation was lost by burial below ∼1 m sand. At two sites (5 stations), the seagrass beds collapsed due to excessive grazing by turtles or sea-urchins (the latter in combination with human impact and storms). The low-cost methods of this regional-scale monitoring program were sufficient to detect long-term shifts in the communities, and fifteen (43%) out of 35 long-term monitoring stations (at 17 sites) showed trends in seagrass communities consistent with expected changes under environmental deterioration.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (CIMAR

Decadal increase in seagrass biomass and temperature at the CARICOMP site in Bocas del Toro, Panama

The Caribbean Coastal Marine Productivity Program (CARICOMP) was launched in 1993 to study regional long-term interactions between land and sea, taking standardized measurements of productivity and biomass of mangroves, coral reefs and seagrasses. Since 1999 continuous measurements of seagrass (Thalassia testudinum) parameters as well as environmental data have been recorded in Caribbean Panama. Replicate stations were selected near the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Bocas del Toro. Sediment cores and quadrants were placed there to estimate biomass and productivity, respectively. Mean values for productivity, standing crop, turnover rate, total dry biomass, and Leaf Area Index were 1.74gDW/m2/d, 66.6gDW/m2, 2.62%/d, 1 481 gDW/m2, and 4.65, respectively. Total dry biomass (shoots, rhizomes and roots) and LAI of T. testudinum increased significantly during the study period. Mean values for total rainfall, Secchi disk depth, sea surface temperature, and salinity were 3 498mm, 8.24m, 28.79°C, and 32.26psu, respectively. Sea surface temperature was the only environmental variable with a statistically significant change, increasing from 1999 to 2010. Correlation between sea surface temperature and T. testudinum parameters (total biomass and LAI) were both positive and significant. Human population has increased dramatically over the last ten years in Bocas del Toro region, increasing pressure (deforestation, runoff, wastewater) over coastal ecosystems (seagrasses, mangroves, coral reefs). Change in the abundance of T. testudinum may be linked to ocean warming, as a consequence to satisfy plant’s metabolic requirements, although other local factors need to be analyzed (reduced grazing and increased eutrophication). A further warming of the ocean could have a negative effect on T. testudinum population, increasing respiratory demands and microbial metabolism.El Programa de Productividad Costera Marina del Caribe (CARICOMP) fue iniciado en 1993 para estudiar interacciones regionales a largo plazo entre la tierra y el mar, tomando mediciones estandarizadas de productividad y biomasa de manglares, arrecifes de coral y pastos marinos. Desde 1999 mediciones continuas de parámetros de pasto marino (Thalassia testudinum) así como datos ambientales han sido registrados para el Caribe de Panamá. Réplicas de estaciones fueron seleccionadas cerca del Instituto Smithsonian de Investigaciones Tropicales en Bocas del Toro. Núcleos de sedimento y cuadrantes fueron colocados para estimar biomasa y productividad, respectivamente. Valores promedio de productividad, biomasa foliar, tasa de recambio, biomasa total seca e Índice de Área Foliar fueron 1.74gDW/m2/d, 66.6gDW/m2, 2.62%/d, 1 481 gDW/m2, y 4.65, respectivamente. La biomasa total seca (haces, rizomas y raíces) e Índice de Área Foliar de T. testudinum incrementaron significativamente durante el periodo de estudio. Valores promedio de lluvia total, profundidad de disco de Secchi, temperatura superficial del mar y salinidad fueron 3 498mm, 8.24m, 28.79°C, y 32.26psu, respectivamente. La temperatura superficial del mar fue la única variable ambiental con un incremento estadísticamente significativo, de 1999 a 2010. La correlación entre la temperatura superficial del mar y los parámetros de T. testudinum (biomasa total y LAI) fueron tanto positivos como significativos. La población humana ha crecido dramáticamente durante los últimos diez años en la región de Bocas del Toro, incrementando la presión (deforestación, escorrentía, aguas negras) sobre los ecosistemas costeros (pastos marinos, manglares, arrecifes coralinos). Cambios en la abundancia de T. testudinum pueden estar ligados al calentamiento oceánico, como una consecuencia para satisfacer los requerimientos metabólicos de la planta, aunque es necesario analizar otros factores locales (reducción del pastoreo e incremento en la eutrofización). Un mayor calentamiento del océano puede tener efectos negativos en la población de T. testudinum, incrementando las demandas respiratorias y el metabolismo microbiano

Bottleneck Effect Explained by Le Bail Refinements: Structure Transformation of Mg-CUK-1 by Confining H2O Molecules

The structure transformation of Mg-CUK-1 due to the confinement of H2O molecules was investigated. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns were collected at different H2O loadings and the cell parameters of the H2O-loaded Mg-CUK-1 material were determined by the Le Bail strategy refinements. A bottleneck effect was observed when one hydrogen-bonded H2O molecule per unit cell (18% relative humidity (RH)) was confined within Mg-CUK-1, confirming the increase in the CO2 capture for Mg-CUK-1

Red de articulación institucional y organizacional para gestionar innovaciones en la región de los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, México.

In the region of Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, a Network for Institutional and Organizational Articulation (Red de Articulación Institucional y Organizacional, RAIO) was formed to improve the relationships of collaboration, cooperation and association between institutions and organizations involved in a proposal of institutional intervention that dealt with the scarce technological innovation in the economic and social development of small-scale hillside farmers, with the agroecologic technology of milpa interspersed with fruit trees (MIAF, for its initials in Spanish), promoted with participatory strategies in order to improve knowledge and comprehension among producers, and to become the basis for innovation in the face of conditions that complicate its transference, such as scarce inter-institutional coordination. Institutions were invited to integrate the RAIO, an essential part of the proposal, generating new levels of relationship among them. With the social network analysis (SNA), relationship structures were compared in two moments, “before the proposal” and “with the proposal”, to identify actors and the ties generated. It is concluded that the RAIO was integrated by eight institutional actors that promoted development and natural resource conservation, structured as a temporary network that strengthened the relationships between actors and generated synergies to improve family production systems, and that the management of innovations for economic and social development of the rural sector in Los Tuxtlas is a complex process socially, institutionally and organizationally.En la región de Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz se formó una Red de Articulación Institucional y Organizacional (RAIO) para mejorar relaciones de colaboración, cooperación y asociación entre instituciones y organizaciones involucradas en una propuesta de intervención institucional, que atendió la escasa innovación tecnoló- gica en el desarrollo económico y social de pequeños agricultores de ladera, con la tecnología agroecológica milpa intercalada en árboles frutales (MIAF), promovida con estrategias participativas para fortalecer su conocimiento y comprensión en productores, y ser base para la innovación ante condiciones que dificultan su transferencia, como la escasa coordinación interinstitucional. Se convocó a instituciones para integrar la RAIO, parte fundamental de la propuesta, generando nuevos niveles de relación entre ellas. Con el análisis de redes sociales (ARS) se compararon estructuras relacionales en dos momentos, “antes de la propuesta” y “con la propuesta”, para identificar actores y vínculos generados. Se concluye que la RAIO está integrada por ocho actores institucionales que promueven desarrollo y conservación de recursos naturales, estructurada como red temporal que potenció relaciones entre actores y generó sinergias para mejorar sistemas de producción familiar, y que la gestión de innovaciones para el desarrollo econó- mico y social del sector rural de Los Tuxtlas es un proceso social, institucional y organizacionalmente complejo

Deviations from general mean leaf productivity (ΔP) of <i>Thalassia testudinum</i> per station during High growth season (May-September at site 1 and 2, March –August at all other sites) and Low growth season (October-April at sites 1 and 2, September-February at all other sites).

<p>See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0090600#pone.0090600.s006" target="_blank">Table S4</a> for significance differences of ΔP. Only stations with at least 10 sampling events were included. Numbers above the X-axis indicate site number, and the minor ticks indicate the different sampling stations at those sites.</p

Significant long-term trends in seagrass attributes and community parameters at CARICOMP monitoring stations across the nine sites that showed changes consistent with deterioration of the environmental conditions.

<p>The broken smoothed lines connect annual average values and serve to illustrate the inter-annual variability in the data. Data from all samples per year (N = 4-9, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0090600#pone.0090600.s005" target="_blank">Table S3</a>) were used to determine the regression lines (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0090600#pone.0090600.s008" target="_blank">Table S6</a>). D. For Site14, the relationship was determined for the more persistent <i>Syringodium filiforme</i>.</p

Total (above- and below-ground) biomass of the principal components of the community per sampling station grouped per site.

<p>Other grass: species of seagrass other than <i>Thalassia testudinum</i>, mostly <i>Syringodium filiforme</i>. Somatic (decalcified) above-ground weight of the calcareous algae is considered. The boxes and bars represent inter-annual variation, and stations with only one sampling event are excluded. The digits above the bars in the bottom graph indicate N (the number of sampling years). M median of fleshy algae at site 5-station 13. See legend of <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0090600#pone-0090600-g002" target="_blank">Fig. 2</a> for further explanation.</p