Fungos associados ao declínio da videira no Nordeste do Brasil.

Suplemento. Edição dos Resumos do 44 Congresso Brasileiro de Fitopatologia, Bento Gonçalves, ago. 2011

Effect of hot-water treatmens in vitro on conidial germination and mycelial growth on grapevine trunk pathogens

"This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Gramaje, D., Alaniz, S., Abad¿Campos, P., García¿Jiménez, J., & Armengol, J. (2010). Effect of hot¿water treatments in vitro on conidial germination and mycelial growth of grapevine trunk pathogens. Annals of Applied Biology, 156(2), 231-241., which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.2009.00382.x. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving."[EN] In this study, the sensitivity of Cadophora luteo-olivacea, Cylindrocarpon liriodendri, Cn. macrodidymum and eight species of the genus Phaeoacremonium to hot-water treatments (HWTs) in vitro was evaluated. Conidial suspensions and plugs of agar with mycelia were placed in Eppendorf vials and incubated for 30, 45 or 60 min in a hot-water bath at 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48 or 49 degrees C for Cylindrocarpon spp. and at 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54 or 55 degrees C for Ca. luteo-olivacea and Phaeoacremonium spp. In general, conidial germination and the colony growth rate of all pathogens decreased with increased temperature and time combinations. Cylindrocarpon spp. were more sensitive than Ca. luteo-olivacea and Phaeoacremonium spp. to HWT temperatures. Conidial germination of Ca. luteo-olivacea was inhibited by treatments above 51 degrees C-30 min, while treatments up to 54 degrees C-60 min were necessary to inhibit the mycelial growth. For Cylindrocarpon spp., conidial germination was inhibited by treatments above 45 degrees C-45 min, while treatments above 48 degrees C-45 min were necessary to inhibit the mycelial growth. Regarding Phaeoacremonium spp., treatments up to 54 degrees C-60 min were necessary to completely inhibit both conidial germination and mycelial growth. These results suggest that current HWT protocols at 50 degrees C for 30 min may be sufficient to control Cylindrocarpon spp. However, it would be necessary to develop HWT using higher temperatures to reduce the incidence of Ca. luteo-olivacea and Phaeoacremonium spp. infections.This research was financially supported by the Projects AGL2006-11884-C04-01 (Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Spain) and TRT2006-00033-00-0 and RTA2007-00023-C04-03 (Programa Nacional de Recursos y Tecnologias Agrarias, Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia, Spain). We acknowledge E. Sala, A. Ramon and E. Moscardo for technical assistance.Gramaje, D.; Alaniz, S.; Abad Campos, P.; García-Jiménez, J.; Armengol Fortí, J. (2010). Effect of hot-water treatmens in vitro on conidial germination and mycelial growth on grapevine trunk pathogens. Annals of Applied Biology. 156(2):231-241. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.2009.00382.x231241156

Detección, caracterización e identificación de hongos asociados a la enfermedad Pie negro de la vid en Argentina

PosterEn 2018 se analizaron 30 plantas provenientes de viñedos jóvenes de Mendoza y Salta (var. Malbec, Cabernet Sauvignon, Aspirant bouchet, Chardonnay y los portainjertos 101-14 y Paulsen) con vigor reducido, entrenudos cortos, clorosis foliar, necrosis en raíces y base de plantas. Estos síntomas son característicos de la enfermedad Pie Negro, causada por hongos asexuales del tipo “Cylindrocarpon”. Hasta la fecha C. destructans ha sido la única especie identificada mediante características morfológica asociada a la enfermedad en Argentina. Por tal motivo, se propuso caracterizar e identificar morfo molecularmente especies del tipo “Cylindrocarpon” obtenidas de vid.EEA MendozaFil: Longone, Maria Valeria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Escoriaza, Maria Georgina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Gramaje, D. CSIC. Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino; España. Universidad de la Rioja; Españ

Fungal trunk pathogens associated with Juglans regia in the Czech Republic

[EN] Juglans regia L. (English walnut) trees with cankers and dieback symptoms were observed in two regions in the Czech Republic. Isolations were made from diseased branches. In total, 138 fungal isolates representing 10 fungal species were obtained from wood samples and identified based on morphological characteristics and molecular methods: Cadophora novi-eboraci, Cadophora spadicis, Cryptovalsa ampelina, Diaporthe eres, Diplodia seriata, Dothiorella omnivora, Eutypa lata, Ewypella sp., Peroneutypa scoparia, and Phaeoacremonium sicilianum. Pathogenicity tests conducted under field conditions with all species using the mycelium-plug method indicated that Eutypa lata and Cadophora spp. were highly virulent to woody stems of walnut. This is the first study to detect and identify fungal trunk pathogens associated with diseased walnut trees in Europe.This work was supported by the Ministerstvo Skolstvi, Mladeze a Telovychovy (EFRR "Multidisciplinary Research to Increase Application Potential of Nanomaterials in Agricultural Practice," project CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_025/0007314). This research was also supported by the Technologicka Agentura Ceske Republiky (project TJ02000096)Eichmeier, A.; Pecenka, J.; Spetik, M.; Necas, T.; Ondrasek, I.; Armengol Fortí, J.; León Santana, M.... (2020). Fungal trunk pathogens associated with Juglans regia in the Czech Republic. Plant Disease. 104:761-771. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-19-1308-RES76177110

Use of beneficial bacteria and their secondary metabolites to control grapevine pathogen diseases

Grapevine is one of the most important economic crops yielding berries, wine products as well as derivates. However, due to the large array of pathogens inducing diseases on this plant, considerable amounts of pesticides—with possible negative impact on the environment and health—have been used and are currently used in viticulture. To avoid negative impacts of such products and to ensure product quality, a substantial fraction of pesticides needs to be replaced in the near future. One solution can be related to the use of beneficial bacteria inhabiting the rhizo- and/or the endosphere of plants. These biocontrol bacteria and their secondary metabolites can reduce directly or indirectly pathogen diseases by affecting pathogen performance by antibiosis, competition for niches and nutrients, interference with pathogen signaling or by stimulation of host plant defenses. Due to the large demand for biocontrol of grapevine diseases, such biopesticides, their modes of actions and putative consequences of their uses need to be described. Moreover, the current knowledge on new strains from the rhizo- and endosphere and their metabolites that can be used on grapevine plants to counteract pathogen attack needs to be discussed. This is in particular with regard to the control of root rot, grey mould, trunk diseases, powdery and downy mildews, pierce’s disease, grapevine yellows as well as crown gall. Future prospects on specific beneficial microbes and their secondary metabolites that can be used as elicitors of plant defenses and/or as biocontrol agents with potential use in a more sustainable viticulture will be further discussed

Fungal grapevine trunk pathogens associated with Syrah decline in Spain

Syrah decline has been increasingly seen and reported in many vineyards worldwide. In recent years, an increase in samples of Vitis vinifera cv. Syrah showing general decline has also been noted in Spain. Sixty-two samples of Syrah grafted grapevines with such symptoms were collected from grapevine nurseries and young vineyards between 2007 and 2009 and subjected to fungal isolation. Species were identified with morphological and molecular methods. Species recovered included Phaeoacremonium, Botryosphaeriaceae and Cylindrocarpon, as well as Pa. chlamydospora and Ca. luteo-olivacea. The study demonstrates that fungal pathogens should be considered potential factors associated with Syrah decline

Effect of hot-water treatment on grapevine viability, yield components and composition of must

Abstract Background and Aims: Hot-water treatment (HWT) has been shown to be effective for the control of several endogenous and exogenous grapevine pests and diseases in dormant grapevine cuttings and young rooted vines. Little is still known, however, about the long-term effect of HWT on plant viability under field conditions. The effect of HWT on the performance of dormant plants in a four-growing seasons study was investigated. Methods and Results: The effect of HWT at 53°C for 30 min on shoot mass, yield parameters and composition of must in dormant grafted plants (Tempranillo cultivar grafted onto 110 Richter rootstock) was evaluated. Eight bundles of 20 grafted plants were assigned to HWT, and eight additional bundles of 20 untreated grafted plants were prepared as a control (non-HWT). Dormant grafted plants were immediately planted in two field sites in April 2007. Shoot fresh mass was evaluated during winter in four consecutive growing seasons. Yield parameters and must composition were evaluated in the third and fourth growing seasons. In general, there was no significant difference in shoot mass at pruning, yield parameters and must components between treatments, with the exception of the must total soluble solids and volumetric mass in the fourth growing season. Conclusions: The findings obtained in this study indicate that HWT at 53°C for 30 min did not affect plant viability, yield parameters and the main components of must composition, and could be successfully used commercially. Significance of the Study: This study represents the first approach to investigate the long-term effect of HWT on plant development, yield and composition of must under field conditions. It suggests that the success of HWT depends not only on the most adequate protocol applied by nurseries, but also on management practices before, during and after the propagation process that could affect the viability of HWT grapevine propagating material

Challenges of viticulture adaptation to global change: tackling the issue from the roots

Viticulture is facing emerging challenges not only because of the effect of climate change on yield and composition of grapes, but also of a social demand for environmental‐friendly agricultural management. Adaptation to these challenges is essential to guarantee the sustainability of viticulture. The aim of this review is to present adaptation possibilities from the soil‐hidden, and often disregarded, part of the grapevine, the roots. The complexity of soil–root interactions makes necessary a comprehensive approach taking into account physiology, pathology and genetics, in order to outline strategies to improve viticulture adaptation to current and future threats. Rootstocks are the link between soil and scion in grafted crops, and they have played an essential role in viticulture since the introduction of phylloxera into Europe at the end of the 19th century. This review outlines current and future challenges that are threatening the sustainability of the wine sector and the relevant role that rootstocks can play to face these threats. We describe how rootstocks along with soil management can be exploited as an essential tool to deal with the effects of climate change and of emerging soil‐borne pests and pathogens. Moreover, we discuss the possibilities and limitations of diverse genetic strategies for rootstock breeding.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Challenges of viticulture adaptation to global change: tackling the issue from the roots

Viticulture is facing emerging challenges not only because of the effect of climate change on yield and composition of grapes, but also of a social demand for environmental-friendly agricultural management. Adaptation to these challenges is essential to guarantee the sustainability of viticulture. The aim of this review is to present adaptation possibilities from the soil-hidden, and often disregarded, part of the grapevine, the roots. The complexity of soil-root interactions makes necessary a comprehensive approach taking into account physiology, pathology and genetics, in order to outline strategies to improve viticulture adaptation to current and future threats. Rootstocks are the link between soil and scion in grafted crops, and they have played an essential role in viticulture since the introduction of phylloxera into Europe at the end of the 19th century. This review outlines current and future challenges that are threatening the sustainability of the wine sector and the relevant role that rootstocks can play to face these threats. We describe how rootstocks along with soil management can be exploited as an essential tool to deal with the effects of climate change and of emerging soil-borne pests and pathogens. Moreover, we discuss the possibilities and limitations of diverse genetic strategies for rootstock breeding.This work is framed in the networking activities of RedVitis (AGL2015-70931-REDT) and RedVitis 2.0 (AGL2017-90759-REDT), funded by the State Research Agency (AEI) of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. Ms Diana Marin is beneficiary of postgraduate scholarship funded by Universidad Publica de Navarra (FPI-UPNA-2016). Dr Juan Emilio Palomares-Rius acknowledges the State Research Agency (AEI) of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for the 'Ramon y Cajal' Fellowship RYC-2017-22228 and Dr David Gramaje acknowledges Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for the 'Ramon y Cajal' Fellowship RYC-2017-23098