César Vallejo, precursor de la antipoesía

At first glance, the seriousness and tragic tone of most of Vallejiana's work is radically different from the irony and the black and sarcastic humor of Parri's antipoetry. Moreover, the avant-garde experiments of Trilce are almost incomprehensible to the great mass of readers. In fact, this is precisely the type of poetry that Parra rejects in his Manifesto. However, literary criticism has pointed out some links between the poetry of César Vallejo and that of Nicanor Parra. This article aims to examine these affinities and coincidences, what unites antipoetry to Vallejo and what separates it from him. Vallejo's poetic work shares the terrain with Parra's and paves the way to antipoetry. In that sense, Vallejo is a precursor that we recognize when we reread it in the light of Parra's antipoetry.A primera vista, la seriedad y el tono trágico de la mayor parte de la obra vallejiana distan radicalmente de la ironía y el humor negro y sarcástico de la antipoesía parriana. Además, los experimentos vanguardistas de Trilce resultan casi incomprensibles para la gran masa de lectores. De hecho, este es precisamente el tipo de poesía que rechaza Parra en su Manifiesto. Sin embargo, la crítica literaria ha señalado algunos vínculos entre la poesía de César Vallejo y la de Nicanor Parra. Este artículo pretende examinar estas afinidades y coincidencias, lo que une la antipoesía a Vallejo y lo que la separa de él. La obra poética vallejiana comparte el terreno con la de Parra y prepara el camino hacia la antipoesía. En ese sentido, Vallejo es un precursor que reconocemos cuando lo releemos a la luz de la antipoesía parriana

The One Nutrition in Complex Environments (ONCE) study protocol: a cluster-randomized multi-level multi-sectoral intervention to improve nutrition in Uganda

Objective: To implement and measure the effects of a multi-level multi-sectoral social behavior change (SBC) intervention in Agago District of Northern Uganda and to determine the potential for scale-up. Intervention: Compare the Nutrition Impact and Positive Practice (NIPP) approach to a NIPP+ approach. The NIPP approach involves nutrition education and SBC, whereas the NIPP+ adds agricultural inputs, training, and tools to support improved farm and water quality practices. The intervention effect will be measured through lower levels of aflatoxin in grain, lower water contamination, and improved knowledge on nutrition and health. Design: This is a three-arm cluster-randomized controlled superiority trial (cRCT). The study arms include the following: group 1: NIPP; group 2: NIPP+, and group 3: control. Groups 1 and 2 will receive a 12-week intervention (NIPP or NIPP+) with active monitoring and longitudinal follow-up at 2, 6, and 12 months post-intervention. Additionally, an in-depth process and performance evaluation of each intervention arm will be undertaken using quantitative and qualitative methods. A total of 60 clusters from 5 subcounties of the Agago district will be randomly selected, and 15 households per cluster will be recruited using specific inclusion/exclusion criteria for a total of 900 households (300/arm). Respondents for the qualitative portion will be purposely selected. Analysis: We will collect data from all participants at 3 time points: baseline, endline, and 12 months post-intervention. The analysis will utilize intent-to-treat (ITT) using the initial randomization of the treatment arms to determine the overall impact of having the NIPP vs. NIPP+ vs. control. Mixed effects models will be used to determine the role of time-variant and invariant individual household, and community characteristics, as well as measures of exposure and integration on key outcome indicators. A difference-in-difference analysis (baseline/endline, baseline/12 months post-intervention, endline/12 months post-intervention) will also be used to triangulate findings

No se termina nunca de nacer : la poesía de Nicanor Parra /

Bibliography: p. [147]-167

Obliterative Airway Remodeling: Molecular Evidence for Shared Pathways in Transplanted and Native Lungs

Obliteration of the small airways is a largely unresolved challenge in pulmonary medicine. It represents either the irreversible cause of functional impairment or a morphologic disorder of limited importance in a multitude of diseases. Bronchiolitis obliterans is a key complication of lung transplantation. No predictive markers for the onset of obliterative remodeling are currently available. To further elucidate the molecular mechanisms of airway remodeling, compartment-specific expression patterns were analyzed in patients. For this purpose, remodeled and nonremodeled bronchioli were isolated from transplanted and nontransplanted lung explants using laser-assisted microdissection (n = 24). mRNA expression of 45 fibrosis-associated genes was measured using quantitative real-time RT-PCR. For 20 genes, protein expression was also analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Infiltrating cells were characterized at conventional histology and immunohistochemistry. Obliterative remodeling of the small airways in transplanted and nontransplanted lungs shared similar grades of chronic inflammation and pivotal fibrotic pathways such as transforming growth factor β signaling and increased collagen expression. Bone morphogenetic protein and thrombospondin signaling, and also matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, were primarily up-regulated in obliterative airway remodeling in nontransplanted lungs. In transplanted lungs, clinical remodeled bone morphogenetic protein but nonremodeled bronchioli were characterized by a concordant up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9, RANTES, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1. These distinct expression patterns warrant further investigation as potential markers of impending airway remodeling, especially for prospective longitudinal molecular profiling