Entrevista a Fernando Álvarez: maqueta y aprendizaje

Peer Reviewe

Periodically modulated geometric and electronic structure of graphene on Ru(0001)

We report here on a method to fabricate and characterize highly perfect, periodically rippled graphene monolayers and islands, epitaxially grown on single crystal metallic substrates under controlled UHV conditions. The periodicity of the ripples is dictated by the difference in lattice parameters of graphene and substrate, and, thus, it is adjustable. We characterize its perfection at the atomic scale by means of STM and determine its electronic structure in the real space by local tunnelling spectroscopy. There are periodic variations in the geometric and electronic structure of the graphene monolayer. We observe inhomogeneities in the charge distribution, i.e a larger occupied Density Of States at the higher parts of the ripples. Periodically rippled graphene might represent the physical realization of an ordered array of coupled graphene quantum dots. The data show, however, that for rippled graphene on Ru(0001) both the low and the high parts of the ripples are metallic. The fabrication of periodically rippled graphene layers with controllable characteristic length and different bonding interactions with the substrate will allow a systematic experimental test of this fundamental problem.Comment: 12 pages. Contribution to the topical issue on graphene of Semiconductor Science and Technolog

Història en obres

La nostra experiència en metodologies actives a l’aula es va iniciar fa sis anys i cerca superar el model clàssic d’ensenyament de la Història de l'Arquitectura (classes magistrals, exàmens escrits, treballs rutinaris i aïllats). Amb l’objectiu de fomentar la participació creativa dels estudiants es proposa un treball monogràfic consistent en un estudi de cas, basat en l'aprofitament de les competències assolides al tercer curs (Dibuix, Construcció, Projectes, Història I, etc.). Els treballs monogràfics passen per tres etapes diferents, en un crescendo que procura reproduir el procés d’estudi i explicació d’una obra o un projecte d’arquitectura del segle XX. Al llarg d’aquest procés, els estudiants van incorporant noves eines (treball d'arxiu, escriptura crítica, anàlisi gràfica, comparacions, etc.) i fan exposicions orals de l’avenç de la seva recerca a l’aula. Les entregues es qualifiquen parcialment, però es dóna la possibilitat de corregir, millorar i modificar la nota definitiva. El portal Història en Obres (http://www.historiaenobres.net), nascut com a arxiu consultable de treballs destacats, es presenta com a font per a l’estudi teòric i referència qualitativa dels treballs monogràfics.Peer Reviewe

LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE THAT YOU/THEY HAVE THE EDUCATIONAL ONES OF BASIC PRIMARY AND HIGH SCHOOL OF INSTITUTIONS PUBLISHES AND PRIVATE OF SACRED MINX'S CITIES, BUCARAMANGA AND RIOHACHA BEFORE AND LATER OF THE INTRODUCTION OF AN EDUCATIONAL MATERIAL PREPOSITION

Objective: To evaluate the level of knowledge that you/they have the educational ones before on the dental extraction and after the application of an educational material related with the topic.Materials and Methods: One hundred seventy six teachers were evaluated educational of 16 public and private schools of Bucaramanga, Santa Marta and Riohacha through a survey about the avulsed tooth. Then the educational ones were divided in an experimental and control group. An educational material was given to the experimental group about the handling of the avulsed tooth. It was carried out a second survey to evaluate the effectiveness of this material and to observe were differences between both groups.Results: 176 were evaluated. When referring to the city 43.2% (76) were from Santa Marta, 38.1 % (67) were from Bucaramanga and the 19 (33) left were from Riohacha. 56.2% belonged to private educational institutions. The knowledge on avulsion was regulate in 70% (123) of the population evaluated to the beginning of the study. After having given the manual the knowledge was better in 52.8% (93). It was found associations statistically significant for the level of knowledge (p = < 0.0001) when being compared according to intervention.Conclusions: The present study determined the knowledge and the practices on avulsion, in a group of educators of elemental schools from Santa Marta, Bucaramanga and Riohacha before and after receiving an educational material.Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de conocimiento que tienen los docentes sobre la avulsión dental antes y después de la aplicación de un material educativo relacionado con el tema.Materiales y Métodos: Se evaluaron 176 docentes de 16 colegios públicos y privados de Bucaramanga, Santa Marta y Riohacha acerca de la avulsión dental. Se dividieron en un grupo intervenido y un grupo control. Al grupo intervenido se le entregó un material educativo sobre el manejo de la avulsión dental. Se evaluó la efectividad del material y observar si había diferencias entre ambos grupos. Para el análisis univariado se calcularon medidas de resumen de tendencia central para las variables cuantitativas y para las variables cualitativas se analizaron con proporciones, para el análisis bivariado se empleó test de chi cuadrado y test exacto de Fisher, según la distribución de las variables.Resultados: El 50% (88) pertenecían al grupo de intervenidos. El 43.2% (76) eran de la ciudad de Santa Marta, el 38.1 % (67) eran de la ciudad de Bucaramanga y el 19% restante (33) eran de Riohacha. El conocimiento sobre el manejo de avulsión fue regular en el 70% (123) de la población evaluada al inicio del estudio. Después de entregado el manual de avulsión, el conocimiento fue regular en el 52.8% (93) y se observaron asociaciones estadísticamente significativas para el nivel de conocimiento (p = <0.0001) al compararse según intervención.Conclusiones: Se determinó el conocimiento y las prácticas sobre el manejo de la avulsión dental en un grupo de educadores de básica primaria y bachillerato de las ciudades de Santa Marta, Bucaramanga y Riohacha antes y después de recibir un material educativo orientado a enseñar sobre la avulsión dental, su prevención y su manejo.[Brito CP, Garnica MJ, Rincón ML. Moreno JO. Implementación y validación de un material educativo orientado a promover el conocimiento y manejo de la avulsión dental de dientes permanentes en docentes de básica primaria y bachillerato de instituciones públicas y privadas de Bucaramanga, Santa Marta y Riohacha. Ustasalud Odontología 2006; 5: 107 -114

Root ABA and H+-ATPase are key players in the root and shoot growth-promoting action of humic acids

Although the ability of humic (HA) and fulvic acids (FA) to improve plant growth has been demonstrated, knowledge about the mechanisms responsible for the direct effects of HA and FA on the promotion of plant growth is scarce and fragmentary. Our study investigated the causal role of both root PM H+-ATPase activity and ABA in the SHA-promoting action on both root and shoot growth. The involvement of these processes in the regulation of shoot cytokinin concentration and activity was also studied. Our aim was to integrate such plant responses for providing new insights to the current model on the mode of action of HA for promoting root and shoot growth. Experiments employing specific inhibitors and using Cucumis sativus L. plants show that both the root PM H+-ATPase activity and root ABA play a crucial role in the root growth-promoting action of SHA. With regard to the HA-promoting effects on shoot growth, two pathways of events triggered by the interaction of SHA with plant roots are essential for the increase in root PM H+-ATPase activity-which also mediates an increase in cytokinin concentration and action in the shoot-and the ABA-mediated increase in hydraulic conductivity (Lp(r))

Heterologous expression screens in Nicotiana benthamiana identify a candidate effector of the wheat Yellow Rust Pathogen that associates with processing bodies

Rust fungal pathogens of wheat (Triticum spp.) affect crop yields worldwide. The molecular mechanisms underlying the virulence of these pathogens remain elusive, due to the limited availability of suitable molecular genetic research tools. Notably, the inability to perform high-throughput analyses of candidate virulence proteins (also known as effectors) impairs progress. We previously established a pipeline for the fast-forward screens of rust fungal candidate effectors in the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana. This pipeline involves selecting candidate effectors in silico and performing cell biology and protein-protein interaction assays in planta to gain insight into the putative functions of candidate effectors. In this study, we used this pipeline to identify and characterize sixteen candidate effectors from the wheat yellow rust fungal pathogen Puccinia striiformis f sp tritici. Nine candidate effectors targeted a specific plant subcellular compartment or protein complex, providing valuable information on their putative functions in plant cells. One candidate effector, PST02549, accumulated in processing bodies (P-bodies), protein complexes involved in mRNA decapping, degradation, and storage. PST02549 also associates with the P-body-resident ENHANCER OF mRNA DECAPPING PROTEIN 4 (EDC4) from N. benthamiana and wheat. We propose that P-bodies are a novel plant cell compartment targeted by pathogen effectors

Redes internacionales de la arquitectura española : 1r Seminario AEMCI : Barcelona, 9 de julio de 2019, Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Barcelona, ETSAB-UPC

Descripció del recurs: 24 gener 2020Contribucions del primer Seminario AEMCI, celebrat a l'Escola Tècnica Superior d'Arquitectura de Barcelona, el 9 de juliol de 2019, en el marc del projecte competitiu "La arquitectura española en los medios de comunicación internacionales: publicaciones, exposiciones, congresos (primera parte: 1940-1975)". Els textos recullen els avenços de les investigacions en curs que formen part del projecte HAR2017-85205-PPrimera edició