Una mirada a las diferentes perspectivas de los negocios internacionales: estrategias, principios y casos de internacionalización

Este libro consolida resultados de investigación que permiten mirar los negocios internacionales a partir de diferentes perspectivas, proporcionando un aporte sistémico para la academia y el mercado. A partir de discusiones del punto de vista de relaciones internacionales, comercio exterior, logística, estrategias de internacionalización y negociación, esta obra discute aspectos actuales aplicables y relacionados a la actuación de las empresas colombianas en el mercado internacional, sus oportunidades y potencialidades competitivas. A lo largo de sus siete capítulos e introducción, el libro “Una mirada a las diferentes perspectivas de los Negocios Internacionales: Estrategias, principios y casos de internacionalización” presenta diferentes metodologías, herramientas, fundamentos y casos de referencia que pueden apoyar profesionales en el estudio y en la práctica de los negocios internacionales

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Strategic marketing based on hypercompetitive capabilities to face turbulent markets

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo central analizar el mercadeo estratégico (ME) basado en capacidades hipercompetitivas (CH) como alternativa para enfrentar en mercados turbulentos. Desde el punto de vista metodológico presenta el enfoque empírico del paradigma positivista, de tipo descriptivo, no experimental y de campo. Para los efectos, se estudia el cumplimiento de las fases del proceso de ME, simultáneamente se analiza la disposición de los líderes de estas empresas para aplicar las CH en respuesta a las deficiencias encontradas en el sector. Finalmente, se presenta un mapa que permite visualizar como él ME puede valerse de las CH para fortalecer la gestión del mercadeo en situaciones turbulentas.This article aims to analyze strategic marketing (SM) based on hypercompetitive aptitudes (HC) as an alternative to deal with turbulent markets. From the methodological aspect, it presents the empirical approach of the positivist, descriptive, nonexperimental and field paradigm. For this purpose, the compliance of the phases of the SM process is studied, at the same time that the disposition of the leaders of these companies to apply the HC in response to the deficiencies found in the sector is analyzed. Finally, a chart is presented that shows how the SM can use the HC to reinforce the market management in turbulent conditions

Evaluating the performance in the environmental management and reverse logistics in companies of plastic sector: an integration of fuzzy AHP, DEMATEL and TOPSIS methods

The plastic industry is considered one of the most dynamic industries with the highest competitive projection in the country [1]. Thanks to the advances of this industry, new products have been developed with various applications at industrial, commercial, service levels, and society’s daily lives. Plastics are highly demanded their chemical and physical properties, versatility, and low cost. However, many challenges are arising from the growth in consumption and the dynamics of the plastics industry, such as the prices of raw materials, substitute products of plastic, the demands of consumers, government, and other interested parties with the impact of plastics on the environment during the different stages of their life cycle. Concerning the life cycle of the plastic products is especially determinant the post-consumption, where plastic waste presents a low percentage of recycling and a prolonged period of degradation, being a product questioned for its negative environmental implications. In this sense, companies in the sector must implement different strategies and tools to evaluate their environmental performance, considering the product life cycle. In the world, there are various government regulations for the responsible use of plastics. International methodologies focused on sustainable environmental management in the products, processes, and organizational level have also been developed, such as the product life cycle approach, reverse logistics, and the ISO 45001 standard. However, it is necessary to create objective and analytical methodologies for evaluating environmental management and reverse logistics that provide solutions for the plastic industry, helping companies comply with applicable legal requirements and standards, and supporting decision-making processes. Concerning the decision-making is a complex process given the complexity of the sector and the multiple criteria taken into account when evaluating and establishing improvement strategies. In the literature review, we found several studies with the application of a multicriteria combined approach focused on selecting plastic recycling methods, location of plastic processing centers, eco-design of plastic products, and selection of suppliers. Despite these considerations, the research-oriented on applying integrated methodologies for evaluating performance in the environmental management and reverse logistics in the plastic industry, under multiple criteria and uncertainty, are mostly limited and with the exciting potential of development. Therefore, this document presents a hybrid methodology for evaluating the performance in the environmental management and reverse logistics in the plastic industry by applying two techniques of Multi-criteria Decision Methods (MCDM) uses in environments under uncertainly. First, the fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) is applied to estimate the initial relative weights of criteria and sub-criteria. The fuzzy set theory is incorporated to represent the uncertainty in the judgments of decision-makers. Then, the Decision-making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) was used for evaluating the interdependences between criteria and sub-criteria. FAHP and DEMATEL are later combined for calculating the final criteria and sub-criteria weights under vagueness and interdependence. Subsequently, the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was used to rank the companies of the plastic industry. Finally, we detect improvement opportunities for the companies of the plastic secto

Consultorías empresariales y negocios internacionales

On entrepreneurship, innovation, competitiveness, logistic performance, sales, marketing, among other everyday concepts of the economic world, you can continue writing full pages for the enjoyment of a reader, but achieve interact experiences of entrepreneurships that have the chapters of the book along with the The conformation of the foreign trade observatories (OCE) is a contribution with non-everyday ingredients to a task with many edges for understanding. Research to identify the factors that determine the logistics performance of SMEs in the logistics operator sector will provide the reader with a clear summary of a field work. Entrepreneurship and innovation as key factors in competitiveness are broken down between expectations and challenges of business development. The authors show us the perspective of the social and corporate fabric from the disruptive scenarios of recovery. In the chapters referring to the three experiences with a descriptive approach: identify the weaknesses and business development of the productive units of the beekeeping sector in the Department of Sucre, Colombia. Analyze the negotiating profile of sales employees of the hardware sector in Valledupar and shared the design of the marketing-based organizational philosophy for the tourism association (ATAV) in the village of Agua de la Virgen, jurisdiction of Ocaña, Norte de Santander Colombia Undoubtedly, the conformation of the foreign trade observatories (OCE) as a strategic academic body for universities corresponds to the best argument of diligent propositive alliances for the benefit of the regional and national economic sector in Colombia with the product of research has been the Response to the challenges of trade. For the previous comments and with the certainty that the narrations of the book will catch you, I invite you to enjoy it. My thanks to the Costa Atlántica Polytechnic, the Latin American University Corporation, the University of the Coast, the American University Corporation, the Simón Bolívar University and the Caribbean University Corporation, for the invitation deference, clarification from the observer's platform, their personal efforts and with The confidence for a better memory in alliances to continue with his legacy to the community.Sobre emprendimiento, innovación, competitividad, desempeño logístico, ventas, marketing, entre otros conceptos cotidianos del mundo económico se podrán seguir escribiendo páginas completas para el disfrute de un lector, pero lograr interactuar las experiencias de emprendimientos que muestran los capítulos del libro junto con la conformación de los observatorios de comercio exterior (OCE) es un aporte con ingredientes no cotidiano a una tarea de muchas aristas para el entendimiento. La investigación para Identificar los factores que determinan el desempeño logístico de las pymes del sector de operadores logísticos proporcionará al lector con claridad el resumen de un trabajo de campo. El emprendimiento e innovación como factores claves en la competitividad se desglosan entre expectativas y retos del desarrollo empresarial. Nos muestran sus autores la prospectiva del tejido social y corporativo a partir de los escenarios disruptivos de recuperación del mismo. En los capítulos referido a las tres experiencias con enfoque descriptivo: identifican las debilidades y fortalecimiento empresarial de las unidades productivas del sector apícola en Departamento de Sucre, Colombia.  Analizan del perfil negociador de los empleados de ventas del sector ferretero en Valledupar y comparten el diseño de la filosofía organizacional basado en el marketing para la asociación de turismo (ATAV) en la vereda del Agua de la Virgen, jurisdicción de Ocaña, Norte de Santander, Colombia. Sin duda, la conformación de los observatorios de comercio exterior (OCE) como un organismo académico estratégico para las Universidades corresponde  el mejor argumento de alianzas propositivas diligentes para el beneficio del sector económico Regional y Nacional en Colombia con el producto de las investigaciones  ha sido la respuesta a los retos del comercio. Por los comentarios anteriores y con la seguridad que las narraciones del libro lo atraparan,   le invito a disfrutarlo. Mis agradecimientos al Politécnico Costa Atlántica, la Corporación Universitaria Latinoamericana, la Universidad de la Costa, Corporación Universitaria Americana, Universidad Simón Bolívar y a la Corporación Universitaria Del Caribe,  por la deferencia de invitarme, aclamo desde la tribuna del observador, sus gestiones  individuales  y  con la confianza por un mejor porvenir en  alianzas  para continuar  con su legado a la comunidad. &nbsp

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study (Intensive Care Medicine, (2021), 47, 2, (160-169), 10.1007/s00134-020-06234-9)

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The members of the ESICM Trials Group Collaborators were not shown in the article but only in the ESM. The full list of collaborators is shown below. The original article has been corrected