Produtividade e altura da rebrota de estilosantes Campo Grande.

O estilosantes Campo Grande tem despertado interesse crescente como forrageira por ser uma planta que se adapta bem a solos de baixa fertilidade natural, apresenta resistência à antracnose, elevada ressemeadura natural e persistência sob pastejo. Dependendo do tipo de crescimento da planta, altura e produtividade podem estar estreitamente relacionadas. Objetivou-se avaliar a produtividade de matéria seca e altura do estilosantes Campo Grande a diferentes idades de rebrota, com e sem adição de fósforo. O experimento foi conduzido na área do Departamento de Zootecnia do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Piauí, adotando-se o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições e cinco tratamentos (idade de rebrota de 30, 35, 40, 45 e 50 dias) na presença e ausência de adubação fosfatada, equivalente a 50 kg/ha de P2O5. Na menor idade de rebrota a produtividade média foi cerca de 750 kg de MS/ha, tendo as plantas a média de 40 cm de altura. A maior altura encontrada foi de 60 cm, na idade de rebrota de 50 dias, acompanhada de produtividade de, aproximadamente, 2350 kg de MS/ha. A adição de fósforo teve pequeno efeito sobre a produtividade das plantas, não tendo, porém, influência sobre a sua altura. A produtividade e a altura das plantas aumentam linearmente com a idade de rebrota, sem efeito da adubação fosfatada sobre essa última

Nutrient metabolism and ingestive behavior of goats fed diets containing palm tree fruit.

The objective was to evaluate the nutrient metabolism and ingestive behavior of goats fed diets containing fruits of Carnauba and Tucum palm trees, abundant in the Northeast region with fruiting in the dry season and use as alternative food for ruminants. For this end, 21 goats fed three diets, one control and two with carnauba or tucum fruits, in a completely randomized design. We determined nutrient intake through total collection of leftovers, faces and urine, as well as energy and nitrogen balance. Ingestive behavior was assessed by visual observations every 5 min for 24 h. There was a reduction in dry matter intake of 0.183 and 0.223 kg/day for diets containing tucum and carnauba fruits, respectively. The intake of digestible protein (78.04 gDP/day) and metabolizable energy (2.51 McalME/day) of the diet containing tucum fruits met the nutritional requirements of the animals, besides resulting in nitrogen balance above 60% and increase of 0.57 Mcal/kgDM of digestible energy of the diets. Diets containing fruits of carnauba required a longer rumination (453.65 min/day), associated with the higher fiber content in their composition. The inclusion of carnauba and tucum fruits in diets composed of corn, soybean and Tifton 85 hay for growing goats promotes a reduction in dry matter intake due to the low quality of the fiber of these fruits. However, the diets containing tucum fruits met the nutritional requirements of goats regarding digestible protein and metabolizable energy, suggesting the use of this alternative food for this category

Editorial: Explainable artificial intelligence models and methods in finance and healthcare

This article is a foreword to a special issue on "Explainable artificial intelligence models and methods in finance and healthcare" and introduces the main articles of the collection. The core topic of this special issue is explainability and trusting algorithmic output

Características da carcaça de cordeiros submetidos a dietas com níveis de torta de dendê (Palmiste).

O objetivo com esse experimento foi avaliar o melhor nível de torta de dendê na dieta por intermédio das características de carcaça de ovinos confinados. Trinta e dois cordeiros inteiros, Santa Inês, com em media 6 meses, e 22 kg PV foram utilizados. Os níveis de torta de dendê (0; 7; 14 e 21 % da matéria seca) foram adicionadas ao concentrado. Após 70 dias de confinamento os animais foram abatidos e as características de carcaças foram mensuradas. O peso vivo ao abate e peso do corpo vazio não foram influenciados pelos níveis de torta de dendê; o peso da carcaça quente

Fast relational learning using bottom clause propositionalization with artificial neural networks

Relational learning can be described as the task of learning first-order logic rules from examples. It has enabled a number of new machine learning applications, e.g. graph mining and link analysis. Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) performs relational learning either directly by manipulating first-order rules or through propositionalization, which translates the relational task into an attribute-value learning task by representing subsets of relations as features. In this paper, we introduce a fast method and system for relational learning based on a novel propositionalization called Bottom Clause Propositionalization (BCP). Bottom clauses are boundaries in the hypothesis search space used by ILP systems Progol and Aleph. Bottom clauses carry semantic meaning and can be mapped directly onto numerical vectors, simplifying the feature extraction process. We have integrated BCP with a well-known neural-symbolic system, C-IL2P, to perform learning from numerical vectors. C-IL2P uses background knowledge in the form of propositional logic programs to build a neural network. The integrated system, which we call CILP++, handles first-order logic knowledge and is available for download from Sourceforge. We have evaluated CILP++ on seven ILP datasets, comparing results with Aleph and a well-known propositionalization method, RSD. The results show that CILP++ can achieve accuracy comparable to Aleph, while being generally faster, BCP achieved statistically significant improvement in accuracy in comparison with RSD when running with a neural network, but BCP and RSD perform similarly when running with C4.5. We have also extended CILP++ to include a statistical feature selection method, mRMR, with preliminary results indicating that a reduction of more than 90 % of features can be achieved with a small loss of accuracy

Performance and grazing behavior of growing goats supplemented with palm tree fruit.

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the performance and ingestive behavior of growing goats grazing on Tanzania guinea grass and fed diets containing 40% carnauba or tucum fruits. Twenty-one male castrated goats were distributed into three groups, one exclusively on pasture and the other two on pasture and fed diet supplemented at the level of 1.5% body weight (BW) in a completely randomized design. The intake of the supplements was obtained by difference between the amount supplied and the leftovers, with weighing performed every seven days, while pasture intake was determined using titanium dioxide (TiO2) as external indicator. Ingestive behavior was evaluated for three days. The supplement containing carnauba fruit resulted in a greater intake of neutral detergent fiber (0.137 kg NDF/day), with a reduction of 8.61% in the pasture dry matter (DM) intake of goats. Associated with the intake of pasture nutrients, the tucum fruit diet met the protein (0.103 kg CP/day) and energetic (0.547 kg TDN/day) requirements of goats with intake set at 0.124 kg CP/day and 0.572 kg TDN/day, with higher weight gain (0.111 kg/day) and larger loin eye area (12.76 cm2). The supplementation with fruits influenced the grazing behavior of goats, increasing the idle time by 1 h in relation to animals not supplemented. The supplementation of growing goats grazing on Tanzania guinea grass pasture with a diet containing 40% tucum fruit, in the proportion of 1.5% BW, did not meet the nutritional requirements for gain of 150 g/day; however, it met requirements for maintenance and average gain of 111 g/day. Energy supplementation reduces the grazing time of goats; thus, it is necessary to consider the level and formulation of supplements, with the possibility of increasing the stocking rate and productivity per unit area

Composição químico-bromatológica da silagem de Tanzânia com niveis de farelo de trigo.

O experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o melhor nível de inclusão do farelo de trigo na silagem de capim tanzânia com base nos parâmetros químico- bromatológicos. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental da Escola de Medicina Veterinária da UFBA. Os tratamentos foram compostos por capim tanzânia (CT) cortado aos 46 dias, picado e acrescido de 8%; 16%; 24%; e 34% de farelo de trigo (FT), além do tratamento sem farelo adicional. Após a mistura, o material foi compactado em silos experimentais, que foram abertos após 60 dias. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise de regressão. A adição de farelo de trigo melhorou os parâmetros químicos bromatológicos da silagem, elevando os teores de matéria seca e carboidratos não fibrosos, e reduzindo os níveis da porção fibrosa

A INFLUÊNCIA DA QUÍMICA NA EVOLUÇÃO DOS COMPUTADORES

Os fenômenos e transformações que a química estuda estão presentes em nosso cotidiano. Quando o assunto é computador é possível perceber a presença da química nos chips, no plástico, no vidro do monitor e nos metais dos circuitos e gabinetes, dentre outros locais. Devido à importância da química para o desenvolvimento da informática, esse trabalho teve como objetivo demonstrar sua contribuição no decorrer da evolução das gerações dos computadores, focando principalmente a parte de hardware

Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the evolution of form and function in the amniote jaw.

The amniote jaw complex is a remarkable amalgamation of derivatives from distinct embryonic cell lineages. During development, the cells in these lineages experience concerted movements, migrations, and signaling interactions that take them from their initial origins to their final destinations and imbue their derivatives with aspects of form including their axial orientation, anatomical identity, size, and shape. Perturbations along the way can produce defects and disease, but also generate the variation necessary for jaw evolution and adaptation. We focus on molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate form in the amniote jaw complex, and that enable structural and functional integration. Special emphasis is placed on the role of cranial neural crest mesenchyme (NCM) during the species-specific patterning of bone, cartilage, tendon, muscle, and other jaw tissues. We also address the effects of biomechanical forces during jaw development and discuss ways in which certain molecular and cellular responses add adaptive and evolutionary plasticity to jaw morphology. Overall, we highlight how variation in molecular and cellular programs can promote the phenomenal diversity and functional morphology achieved during amniote jaw evolution or lead to the range of jaw defects and disease that affect the human condition

Differential cell line susceptibility to the emerging Zika virus: implications for disease pathogenesis, non-vector-borne human transmission and animal reservoirs

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