7 research outputs found
Sensitivity on Earth Core and Mantle densities using Atmospheric Neutrinos
Neutrino radiography may provide an alternative tool to study the very deep
structures of the Earth. Though these measurements are unable to resolve the
fine density layer features, nevertheless the information which can be obtained
are independent and complementary to the more conventional seismic studies. The
aim of this paper is to assess how well the core and mantle averaged densities
can be reconstructed through atmospheric neutrino radiography. We find that
about a 2% sensitivity for the mantle and 5% for the core could be achieved for
a ten year data taking at an underwater km^3 Neutrino Telescope. This result
does not take into account systematics related to the details of the
experimental apparatus.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in JCA
Geotomography with solar and supernova neutrinos
We show how by studying the Earth matter effect on oscillations of solar and
supernova neutrinos inside the Earth one can in principle reconstruct the
electron number density profile of the Earth. A direct inversion of the
oscillation problem is possible due to the existence of a very simple analytic
formula for the Earth matter effect on oscillations of solar and supernova
neutrinos. From the point of view of the Earth tomography, these oscillations
have a number of advantages over the oscillations of the accelerator or
atmospheric neutrinos, which stem from the fact that solar and supernova
neutrinos are coming to the Earth as mass eigenstates rather than flavour
eigenstates. In particular, this allows reconstruction of density profiles even
over relatively short neutrino path lengths in the Earth, and also of
asymmetric profiles. We study the requirements that future experiments must
meet to achieve a given accuracy of the tomography of the Earth.Comment: 35 pages, 7 figures; minor textual changes in section
Tracing very high energy neutrinos from cosmological distances in ice
Astrophysical sources of ultrahigh energy neutrinos yield tau neutrino fluxes
due to neutrino oscillations. We study in detail the contribution of tau
neutrinos with energies above PeV relative to the contribution of the other
flavors. We consider several different initial neutrino fluxes and include tau
neutrino regeneration in transit through the Earth and energy loss of charged
leptons. We discuss signals of tau neutrinos in detectors such as IceCube, RICE
and ANITA.Comment: 27 pages, 19 figure
Legume Seed Production Meeting Market Requirements and Economic Impacts
International audienceThe seed is the carrier of the genetic improvements brought about by modern plant breeding, and seed production is carried out in accordance with certification systems to guarantee consistent high quality. In forage legumes, breeding efforts are primarily related to the vegetative development of the plant, although the commercial success of an agronomically superior cultivar is dependent on a reliable supply of competitively priced seed. In seed production of the three most important forage legumes, alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), crop management techniques are applied to stimulate reproductive development in order to obtain high seed yields. These include a low plant density, manipulation of canopy size to avoid lodging and shading of fruiting organs, synchronization of flowering with pollinating insects as well as controlling pests. High seed yield is correlated to inflorescence density and seed yield per inflorescence, traits which should be selected for in breeding populations as moderate to high heritability has been found. However, seed yield is a genetically complex trait and in the perennial, insect-pollinated forage legumes it is further highly influenced by environmental conditions and crop management factors. Further investigations into the use of plant growth regulators and an improved understanding of the interaction between pollinators and the seed crop might improve future seed yields. There is likely to be an increasing emphasis on the role of forage legumes in producing high-quality meat and milk, combined with the requirement to reduce the environmental footprint of grassland agriculture. A high forage legume seed yield is a prerequisite to meet market requirements for new, improved cultivars and hence achieve the economic impacts of modern plant breeding for a better livelihood and environment