750 Natalia the economic and legal analysis of the terms of international delivery contracts involving Russian suppliers

Purpose: The article presents an economic and legal analysis of the terms of contracts for international delivery of goods involving Russian suppliers. Design/Methodology/Approach: The authors analysed the international norms of regulating relations for the goods’ delivery involving the foreign element. Terms of the goods delivery are investigated according to the national legislation of the Russian Federation. Findings: As a result, it is necessary to use an economic and legal approach when developing contract terms for the goods’ delivery to take into account norms of international law, the national legislation of the supplier country and in accordance with the calculations of the contract price and payment terms. Practical Implications: The proposed method is in accordance with the international legal framework and it can be adopted by the Russian Federation easily. Originality/Value: There is no such an approach eligible to modernize the existing system in the country.peer-reviewe

Kinetics of the urea–urease clock reaction with urease immobilized in hydrogel beads

Feedback driven by enzyme catalyzed reactions occurs widely in biology and has been well characterized in single celled organisms such as yeast. There are still few examples of robust enzyme oscillators in vitro that might be used to study nonlinear dynamical behavior. One of the simplest is the urea–urease reaction that displays autocatalysis driven by the increase in pH accompanying the production of ammonia. A clock reaction was obtained from low to high pH in batch reactor and bistability and oscillations were reported in a continuous flow rector. However, the oscillations were found to be irreproducible and one contributing factor may be the lack of stability of the enzyme in solution at room temperature. Here, we investigated the effect of immobilizing urease in thiol-poly(ethylene glycol) acrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel beads, prepared using emulsion polymerization, on the urea–urease reaction. The resultant mm-sized beads were found to reproduce the pH clock and, under the conditions employed here, the stability of the enzyme was increased from hours to days

Influence of the high-power ion-beam irradiation of a hydroxyapatite target on the properties of formed calcium phosphate coatings

The physical-mechanical of properties of biocompatible calcium phosphate coatings deposited onto titanium and silicon substrates from erosion materials, which are generated by irradiating hydroxyapatite (synthetic and natural) targets by means of the high-power pulsed ion beam of a Temp-4 accelerator, are investigated. A calculation technique for predicting the rate and energy efficiency of deposition using pulsed ion beams is proposed. Their characteristics are analyzed as applied to the formation of calcium phosphate coatings

Producing valid statistics when legislation, culture, and medical practices differ for births at or before the threshold of survival: Report of a European workshop

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Antimicrobial resistance in clinical <I>Escherichia coli</I> isolates obtained from animals

The article presents data on the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of antimicriobial resistance in Escherichia coli clinical isolates recovered from bovine microbiota (secretions from mammary glands, cervical swabs). 127 Escherichia coli isolates were studied, i.e. 44 from mammary glands secretions and 83 from cervical swabs. Disk diffusion method was used to study antimicrobial resistance of the cultures; minimum inhibitory concentrations of antimicrobials were determined in a serial dilution method; resistance genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction. The carried out research demonstrates a wide distribution of the isolates belonging to the phenotype resistant to ansamycins (rifampicin), semi-synthetic penicillins (ampicillin and amoxicillin), tetracyclines (doxycycline). The isolates showed a lower level of resistance to macrolides (azithromycin), amphenicols (levomycetin) and aminoglycosides (tobramycin). It was found that Escherichia coli clinical isolates are sensitive to third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolone antimicrobials. However, since 28.46% of cultures demonstrate intermediate resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and 49.02% of Escherichia coli DNA samples isolated from mammal gland secretions had blaDHA gene associated with resistance to this group of antimicrobials, these antimicrobials could be hardly recommended as antibiotics of choice. Absence of VIM carbapenemase-encoding gene in the DNA of the recovered isolates and a low level of phenotypic resistance (10.22% of isolates from cervical swabs) can be one of the reasons for recommending first-line carbapenems as antibiotics of choice to treat animal diseases associated with Escherichia coli, along with fluoroquinolones as reserve antimicrobials. It was found that the recovered Escherichia coli isolates are more sensitive to combination antibiotics than to mono-antibiotics

Fibroblast growth factor 23 is associated with proteinuria and smoking in chronic kidney disease: An analysis of the MASTERPLAN cohort

Contains fulltext : 107913.pdf (postprint version ) (Open Access)BACKGROUND: Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) has emerged as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality throughout all stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD), independent from established risk factors and markers of mineral homeostasis. The relation of FGF23 with other renal and non-renal cardiovascular risk factors is not well established. METHODS: Using stored samples, plasma FGF23 was determined in 604 patients with moderate to severe kidney disease that participated in the MASTERPLAN study (ISRCTN73187232). The association of FGF23 with demographic and clinical parameters was evaluated using multivariable regression models. RESULTS: Mean age in the study population was 60 years and eGFR was 37 (+/- 14) ml/min/1.73 m(2). Median proteinuria was 0.3 g/24 hours [IQR 0.1-0.9]. FGF23 level was 116 RU/ml [67-203] median and IQR. Using multivariable analysis the natural logarithm of FGF23 was positively associated with history of cardiovascular disease (B = 0.224 RU/ml; p = 0.002), presence of diabetes (B = 0.159 RU/ml; p = 0.035), smoking (B = 0.313 RU/ml; p < 0.001), phosphate level (B = 0.297 per mmol/l; p = 0.0024), lnPTH (B = 0.244 per pmol/l; p < 0.001) and proteinuria (B = 0.064 per gram/24 hrs; p = 0.002) and negatively associated with eGFR (B = -0.022 per ml/min/1.73 m(2); p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that in patients with CKD, FGF23 is related to proteinuria and smoking. We confirm the relation between FGF23 and other cardiovascular risk factors