3,656 research outputs found
Treatment of bimodality in proficiency test of pH in bioethanol matrix
The pH value in bioethanol is a quality control parameter related to its
acidity and to the corrosiveness of vehicle engines when it is used as fuel. In
order to verify the comparability and reliability of the measurement of pH in
bioethanol matrix among some experienced chemical laboratories, reference
material (RM) of bioethanol developed by Inmetro - the Brazilian National
Metrology Institute - was used in a proficiency testing (PT) scheme. There was
a difference of more than one unit in the value of the pH measured due to the
type of internal filling electrolytic solutions (potassium chloride, KCl or
lithium chloride, LiCl) from the commercial pH combination electrodes used by
the participant laboratories. Therefore, bimodal distribution has occurred from
the data of this PT scheme. This work aims to present the possibilities that a
PT scheme provider can use to overcome the bimodality problem. Data from the PT
of pH in bioethanol were treated by two different statistical approaches:
kernel density model and the mixture of distributions. Application of these
statistical treatments improved the initial diagnoses of PT provider, by
solving bimodality problem and contributing for a better performance evaluation
in measuring pH of bioethanol.Comment: 20 pages, 6 figures, Accepted for publication in Accreditation and
Quality Assurance (ACQUAL
ANALYSIS OF THE TURBULENCE-RADIATION INTERACTION IN A METHANE-AIR DIFFUSION FLAME
The phenomenon of turbulence-radiation interaction (TRI) has been demonstrated experimentally, theoretically and numerically to be important in a great number of engineering applications. This paper presents a numerical study on the subject, focusing on a methane-air diffusion flame confined in a rectangular enclosure. An open source, Fortran-based code, Fire Dynamics Simulator, is used for the analysis. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is adopted to model the turbulence, and to resolve the sub-grid scale terms the dynamic Smagorinsky model is employed. To solve the radiative heat transfer, the finite volume method is used alongside the Weighted-Sum-of-Gray-Gases model. The main objective of the present work is to assess the magnitude of TRI effects for the configuration proposed. For this purpose, the time-averaged wall heat fluxes and volumetric radiative heat source, calculated from the LES results, are compared with those same quantities obtained by independent simulations initialized using mean temperature and species concentration fields. TRI effects are found to be responsible for differences up to 30% between results considering and neglecting turbulent fluctuations. These differences are larger for the radiative heat source and for the radiative heat flux to the walls, smaller for the total heat flux, and almost negligible for the convective heat flux. The influence of the fuel stream Reynolds number on the TRI effects is also evaluated, and a slight decrease on the magnitude of TRI is observed with the increase of that parameter
From QCD lattice calculations to the equation of state of quark matter
We describe two-flavor QCD lattice data for the pressure at finite
temperature and zero chemical potential within a quasiparticle model. Relying
only on thermodynamic selfconsistency, the model is extended to nonzero
chemical potential. The results agree with lattice calculations in the region
of small chemical potential.Comment: 5 eps figure
Association of socioeconomic status with inflammatory markers: a two cohort comparison.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and inflammatory markers using two different European population samples.
METHODS: We used data from the CoLaus (N=6412, Lausanne, Switzerland) and EPIPorto (N=1205, Porto, Portugal) studies. Education and occupational position were used as indicators of socioeconomic status (SES). High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was available for both cohorts. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were available in CoLaus; leukocyte count and fibrinogen in EPIPorto.
RESULTS: We showed that low SES was significantly associated with high inflammation in both studies. We also showed that behavioural factors contributed the most to SES differences in inflammation. In both studies the larger difference between the lowest and the highest SES was observed for hs-CRP. In the Swiss sample, a linear association between education and hs-CRP persisted after adjustment for all mediating factors and confounders considered (p for linear trend <0.001).
CONCLUSION: Large social differences exist in inflammatory activity, in part independently from demographic and behavioural factors, chronic conditions and medication use. SES differences in inflammation are also similar in countries with different underlying socioeconomic conditions
Psilocybin Induces Aberrant Prediction Error Processing of Tactile Mismatch ResponsesâA Simultaneous EEGâFMRI Study
As source of sensory information, the body provides a sense of agency and self/non-self-discrimination. The integration of bodily states and sensory inputs with prior beliefs has been linked to the generation of bodily self-consciousness. The ability to detect surprising tactile stimuli is essential for the survival of an organism and for the formation of mental body representations. Despite the relevance for a variety of psychiatric disorders characterized by altered body and self-perception, the neurobiology of these processes is poorly understood. We therefore investigated the effect of psilocybin (Psi), known to induce alterations in self-experience, on tactile mismatch responses by combining pharmacological manipulations with simultaneous electroencephalography-functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) recording. Psi reduced activity in response to tactile surprising stimuli in frontal regions, the visual cortex, and the cerebellum. Furthermore, Psi reduced tactile mismatch negativity EEG responses at frontal electrodes, associated with alterations of body- and self-experience. This study provides first evidence that Psi alters the integration of tactile sensory inputs through aberrant prediction error processing and highlights the importance of the 5-HT2A system in tactile deviancy processing as well as in the integration of bodily and self-related stimuli. These findings may have important implications for the treatment of psychiatric disorders characterized by aberrant bodily self-awareness
Penetrating Bladder Trauma: A High Risk Factor for Associated Rectal Injury
Demographics and mechanisms were analyzed in prospectively maintained level one trauma center database 1990â2012. Among 2,693 trauma laparotomies, 113 (4.1%) presented bladder lesions; 51.3% with penetrating injuries (n=58); 41.3% (n=24) with rectal injuries, males corresponding to 95.8%, mean age 29.8 years; 79.1% with gunshot wounds and 20.9% with impalement; 91.6% arriving the emergence room awake (Glasgow 14-15), hemodynamically stable (average systolic blood pressure 119.5âmmHg); 95.8% with macroscopic hematuria; and 100% with penetrating stigmata. Physical exam was not sensitive for rectal injuries, showing only 25% positivity in patients. While 60% of intraperitoneal bladder injuries were surgically repaired, extraperitoneal ones were mainly repaired using Foley catheter alone (87.6%). Rectal injuries, intraperitoneal in 66.6% of the cases and AAST-OIS grade II in 45.8%, were treated with primary suture plus protective colostomy; 8.3% were sigmoid injuries, and 70.8% of all injuries had a minimum stool spillage. Mean injury severity score was 19; mean length of stay 10 days; 20% of complications with no death. Concomitant rectal injuries were not a determinant prognosis factor. Penetrating bladder injuries are highly associated with rectal injuries (41.3%). Heme-negative rectal examination should not preclude proctoscopy and eventually rectal surgical exploration (only 25% sensitivity)
Quality control of GEM detectors using scintillation techniques
Non destructive quality control of microstructures at the manufacturing stage
is an important issue in the foreseen use of huge numbers of such gaseous
detectors in the future high luminosity colliders. In this work we report on
the use of the scintillation light emitted by the avalanches in GEM channels
for checking defects in the foils. The test system is described and data on the
relative efficiency of several gaseous mixtures are presented. The foil images
obtained with a low-noise CCD system are analysed and compared with the optical
images obtained with an industrial inspection system of high magnification. The
validity of this test method is established and possible extensions of its use
are discussed.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figure
Electromagnetic field evolution in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
The hadron string dynamics (HSD) model is generalized to include the creation
and evolution of retarded electromagnetic fields as well as the influence of
the magnetic and electric fields on the quasiparticle propagation. The
time-space structure of the fields is analyzed in detail for non-central Au+Au
collisions at 200 GeV. It is shown that the created magnetic
field is highly inhomogeneous but in the central region of the overlapping
nuclei it changes relatively weakly in the transverse direction. For the impact
parameter 10 fm the maximal magnetic field - perpendicularly to the
reaction plane - is obtained of order 5 for a very short time
0.2 fm/c, which roughly corresponds to the time of a maximal overlap of
the colliding nuclei. We find that at any time the location of the maximum in
the distribution correlates with that of the energy density of the
created particles. In contrast, the electric field distribution, being also
highly inhomogeneous, has a minimum in the center of the overlap region.
Furthermore, the field characteristics are presented as a function of the
collision energy and the centrality of the collisions. To explore the effect of
the back reaction of the fields on hadronic observables a comparison of HSD
results with and without fields is exemplified. Our actual calculations show no
noticeable influence of the electromagnetic fields - created in heavy-ion
collisions - on the effect of the electric charge separation with respect to
the reaction plane.Comment: 17 pages, 22 figures, title changed by editor, accepted for PR
A Measurement of Photon Production in Electron Avalanches in CF4
This paper presents a measurement of the ratio of photon to electron
production and the scintillation spectrum in a popular gas for time pro jection
chambers, carbon tetrafluoride (CF4), over the range of 200 to 800 nm; the
ratio is measured to be 0.34+/-0.04. This result is of particular importance
for a new generation of dark matter time projection chambers with directional
sensitivity which use CF4 as a fill gas.Comment: 19 pages, including appendix. 8 figure
Quality control of GEM detectors using scintillation techniques
Non-destructive quality control of microstructures at the manufacturing stage is an important issue in the foreseen use of huge numbers of such gaseous detectors in the future high luminosity colliders. In this work we report on the use of the scintillation light emitted by the avalanches in GEM channels for checking defects in the foils. The test system is described and data on the relative efficiency of several gaseous mixtures are presented. The foil images obtained with a low-noise CCD system are analysed and compared with the optical images obtained with an industrial inspection system of high magnification. The validity of this test method is established and possible extensions of its use are discussed.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TJM-3YXB101-2K/1/86489e830e1d4ba436e110adeb1da95
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