Body composition data from the rat subjects of Cosmos 1129 experiment K-316

The effects of 18.5 days of weightlessness on the body composition of young, growing, male laboratory rats were examined. Three groups of 5 rats each were examined. It is indicated that exposure of young, growing, male rats to 18.5 days of weightlessness produces: (1) no effect on the quantity of fat stored by the body; (2) a slight reduction in the quantity of fat free tissue laid down by the body; (3) a small reduction in the fraction of water contained by the fat free body mass; (4) a similar reduction in the fraction of water contained by the fat free skin and fat free carcass; (5) a shift in relative distribution of the total body water from skin to viscera; (6) a diminution in the fraction of extracellular water contained by the fat free body; (7) no effect on the fraction of total skeletal musculature contained by the fat free body, as indicated by body creatine content; (8) a sizeable reduction in the fraction of bone mineral contained by the fat free body, as calculated from body calcium content. The nature of the physiological changes induced by unloading from Earth gravity in the mammalian organism are illustrated

Cadmium-induced oxidative damage and protective action of fractioned red beet (Beta vulgaris) root juice in chickens

ArticleCadmium (Cd) is one of the most dangerous environmental bioaccumulative pollutants that affects many organs in humans and animals. Present investigation was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of fractioned red beetroot juice on Cd - induced oxidative stress in chickens. The named red beetroot juice fraction (BJF) was received by juice ultrafiltration. Per oral administration of BJF for 10 days followed by dietar y Cd exposure (50 mg kg - 1 of diet) was evaluated in the in vivo experiments in chickens. The prominent increase of Cd concentration in blood plasma, liver and kidney provoked the rise of oxidative processes activity in organs. BJF treatment attenuated the Cd - induced oxidative stress. The changes of oxidative stress markers - the reduction of hepatic and kidney malondialdehyde amount, the increase of glutathionperoxidase level in liver and blood catalase activity indicated the possible antioxidative influenc e of BJF. Chickens exposed to Cd showed no evidence of clinical toxicity, but exhibited some features of adverse action of this heavy metal. The increase of uric acid concentration in blood serum is associated with protein catabolic processes intensified b y Cd affect. Suppressive effect of Cd on the immune response in chickens manifested in alteration of cell and humoral immunity parameters. The data of the most investigated oxidative stress markers, biochemical and immunological indices in Cd - exposed chick ens were almost back to the values, when received BJF per os during 10 days. Administration of fractioned red beetroot juice to Cd - treated chickens prevented the oxidative impact of this heavy metal and provided immunomodulating effect

Sol-gel Synthesis, Photo- and Electrocatalytic Properties of Mesoporous TiO2 Modified with Transition Metal Ions

Abstract Mesoporous nanosized titania films modified with Co2+, Ni2+, Mn3+, and Cu2+ ions have been produced by templated sol-gel method and characterized by optical spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) surface area measurement. Band gap energy and the position of flat band potentials were estimated by photoelectrochemical measurements. The films doped with transition metals possessed higher photocurrent quantum yield, as well as photo- and electrochemical activity compared to undoped samples. Mn+/TiO2 (M–Co, Ni, Mn, Cu) electrodes with low dopant content demonstrate high efficiency in electrocatalytic reduction of dissolved oxygen. Polarization curves of TiO2, TiO2/Ni2+, TiO2/Co2+/3+, and TiO2/Mn3+ electrodes contain only one current wave (oxygen reduction current). It means that reaction proceeds without the formation of an intermediate product H2O2

Available drugs during of military state: social-economic strategies of functioning reimbursumen’t system

The Russian aggresion against Ukraine became a new reality in the XXI century and definitely shook the whole World. New realities are forcing all spheres of science and practice to work harder and develop, that is why philosophers of law are tended to call war “the driving force of progress”. Our modern life in the condition of war proves, that the technical and scientific progress as it is, is created and developed on thousands and millions of destroyed human lives. But, in order to make a warring society to move successfully forward, save as many innocent lives as possible and meet basic needs of a particularly vulnerable polutation, it is not only army, which is supposed to work for 100%, but also “home front workers” has to try harder. The current war has dimished an understanding of difference between quintiles of population, especially, if we are taking into account differences between beneficiaries of the Affordable Medicines Program (AM). At the beginning of the War, all beneficiaries of the AM, despite of level of their well-being had to suffer equally because of the short-term period of medicines’ shortage due to destroyed infrastructure of cities and regions. They were afraid that those highly necessary medicines would not return to the pharmacies neither in the sphere of the AM, nor even for normal sale. Because of the aforementioned force-majeure, most of people were not even assured that their basic needs will be met, especially were worried those ones, who have been active users of the AM for a long period of time. However, despite of the aforementioned destruction of the insfrastrucutre, the commons fears and dangers of war, the AM has not stopped working. On the contrary, it has become even more successful and progressive. The need to react quickly to the circumstances that took place, forced to achieve long-term plans of the AM creators in a very short time. Thus, the pilot program has finally fit into the general outline of the life support and health care system of Ukraine and became perhaps the most progressive in the whole Europe. But, nevertheless, the progress is definitely not standing still, the situation remains critical, the humanitarian catastrophe is becoming more and more real today, and, thus, the AM opens new promising ways of development for the coming month and years. In fact, our study was devoted to the analysis of the changes that took place since February 24, 2022, as well as promising directions for the development of AM, which are mostly dictated by the newly created humaniatrian crises in the current article.Новою реалією ХХІ століття стала загарбницька війна Росії проти України, яка без сумніву сколихнула цілий світ. Нові реалії життя змушують всі сфери науки і практики працювати у посиленому режимі та розвиватись, саме тому філософи права називають війну “рушійною силою прогресу”. Сучасне життя доводить, що технічний і науковий прогрес, як виявилось, створюється і розвивається на тисячах і мільйонах зруйнованих людських життів. Але, задля того, щоб суспільство країни, що воює, змогло рухатись далі, змогло врятувати якумога більше безвинних життів та забезпечувати базові потреби особливо вразливого контингенту населення, не тільки армія, але й “герої тилу”, тобто медики і вся система охорони здоров’я мають працювати на 100%, як це власне і відбувається зараз. Війна знизила важливість понять “квінтилі населення”, особливо якщо йдеться про прямих бенефіціарів програми “Доступні ліки”, адже серед них всі, незалежно від особистого та фінансового благополуччя, були піддані необхідності страждати від першострокової нестачі ліків, які забезпечувались програмою; були підвергнуті страху, що ці ліки не повернуться не тільки в рамках програми Доступні ліки (ДЛ), але і в принципі будуть недоступні через знищену інфраструктуру багатьох міст, а отже здійснився такий force majeure, при якому жодна людина не могла бути впевнена у власному забезпеченні навіть базових потреб, і особливо ті, хто протягом тривалого часу вже був активним користувачем ДЛ. Тим не менш, не дивлячись на вищезгадану зруйновану інфраструктуру, загальні страх і небезпеку, які приносить із собою війна, програма ДЛ не припинила свою роботу, навпаки, стала навіть більш прогресивною і успішною. Необхідність стрімко реагувати на обставини, які мали місце з погляду на війну, змусили досягнути довготривалі плани творців ДЛ за дуже короткий термін. Таким чином, пілотна програма остаточно вписалась в загальну канву системи життєзабезпечення та охорони здоров’я України і стали чи не найбільш прогресивною в цілій Європі. Але, тим не менш, прогрес безумовно не стоїть на місці, ситуація залишається критичною, гуманітарна катастрофа стає все більш реальною на сьогоднішній день, а отже ДЛ відкриває нові перспективні шляхи розвитку на найближчі місяці і роки. Власне аналізові змін, які мали місце, починаючи від 24-го лютого 2022 року, а також перспективним напрямкам розвитку ДЛ, які здебільшого продиктовані новоствореними гуманітраними кризами населення нашої країни, які мали місце через війну, і було присвячено наше дослідження, результати якого будуть освітлені у нинішній статті

Evaluation of Carbon Assimilation by Regenerating Soils of the Central Black Earth Region of Russia

The study presents the options for the estimation of soil assimilation rates with carbon regenerating after an anthropogenic influence in the Central Black Earth region of Russia. The evaluation methodology is based on the use of mathematical models of the trend component processes for the humus horizon and humus accumulation development in Forest-Steppe Black Earth area

Роль цитокинов в патогенезе инфекционных осложнений при хирургическом лечении механической желтухи желчнокаменного генеза

Aim. To study the content of cytokines in the blood serum of patients with obstructive jaundice of gallstone origin before and after surgical treatment, depending on the development of postoperative complications.Materials and methods. The treatment group consisted of 70 patients with the diagnosis of obstructive jaundice of gallstone origin, verified following a comprehensive clinical and instrumental examination. In 54 patients, the postoperative period was uncomplicated, and in 16 patients, various infectious complications in the postoperative period were revealed. The control group consisted of 125 healthy volunteers. The concentration of six cytokines (interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-18, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and interferon gamma (INF γ)) was determined using reagent kits manufactured by Vector-Best LLC (Novosibirsk, Russian Federation) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on the Thermo Scientific analyzer (BioMerieux, France).Results. We identified significantly high concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines in the blood serum of patients with obstructive jaundice of gallstone origin upon admission, compared with the data obtained in the study of blood serum in the control group and in patients with obstructive jaundice after surgery. In the postoperative period in patients with obstructive jaundice without complications, the proinflammatory cytokines are significantly reduced and IL-4 is increased, whereas with the development of infectious complications, the level of proinflammatory cytokines is significantly elevated.Conclusion. In the pathogenesis of obstructive jaundice, a local inflammatory process plays an essential role. This is confirmed by statistically significant changes in the studied cytokines. The established increase in the concentration of IL-4, which has anti-inflammatory activity, indicates its importance in the mechanisms underlying the absence of infectious complications in the postoperative period of obstructive jaundice of gallstone origin. The revealed increase in the levels of IL-18, TNFα, and INFγ in the blood serum of patients suggests their role in the pathogenesis of infectious complications in the postoperative period of obstructive jaundice of gallstone origin. Цель. Изучить содержание цитокинов в сыворотке крови пациентов с механической желтухой желчнокаменного генеза до и после хирургического лечения в зависимости от развития послеоперационных осложнений.Материалы и методы. Основная группа состояла из 70 пациентов с верифицированным на основании комплексного клинико-инструментального обследования диагнозом «механическая желтуха желчнокаменного генеза». У 54 больных послеоперационный период был без осложнений и у 16 больных выявлялись различные инфекционные осложнения в послеоперационном периоде. Контрольную группу составили 125 практически здоровых добровольцев. Концентрацию шести цитокинов (интерлейкина (IL) 2, IL-4, IL-18, IL-10, фактора некроза опухоли α (TNFα), интерферона γ (INFγ)) определяли с использованием набора реагентов производства ЗАО «Вектор-Бест» (г. Новосибирск) методом иммуноферментного анализа на иммуноферментном анализаторе Thermo Scientific (BioMerieux, Франция).Результаты. Установлено наличие статистически значимо высоких концентраций провоспалительных цитокинов в сыворотке крови пациентов с механической желтухой желчнокаменного генеза при поступлении относительно данных, полученных при исследовании сыворотки крови контрольной группы и больных с механической желтухой после операции. В послеоперационном периоде у пациентов с механической желтухой без осложнений статистически значимо снижаются показатели провоспалительных цитокинов и увеличивается IL-4, а при развитии инфекционных осложнений – статистически значимо увеличивается уровень провоспалительных цитокинов.Заключение. В патогенезе механической желтухи важную роль играет локальный воспалительный процесс. Это подтверждается статистически значимыми изменениями изучаемых цитокинов. Установленное нарастание концентрации IL-4, обладающего противовоспалительной активностью, свидетельствует о его значимости в механизмах отсутствия развития инфекционных осложнений в послеоперационном периоде механической желтухи желчнокаменного генеза. Выявленное повышение в сыворотке крови уровня IL-18, TNFα, INFγ позволяет предположить их участие в патогенезе инфекционных осложнений в послеоперационном периоде у пациентов с механической желтухой желчнокаменного генеза

Agrogeosystems of Krasnoyarsk krai: natural resource potential, environmental stability, optimization of functioning

The article presents the estimation of natural resource potential (NRP) of agrogeosystems of taiga-forest and forest-steppe zones, environmental stability and anthropogenic transformation to further optimization of their functionin

Draft genome sequence of Methyloferula stellata AR4, an obligate methanotroph possessing only a soluble methane monooxygenase

Methyloferula stellata AR4 is an aerobic acidophilic methanotroph, which, in contrast to most known methanotrophs but similar to Methylocella spp., possesses only a soluble methane monooxygenase. However, it differs from Methylocella spp. by its inability to grow on multicarbon substrates. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of this bacterium

Changes in the soil cover under the impact of shortterm climate fluctuations

The purpose of this work was to identify the reaction soil cover for short-term climatic variations on. Based on the analysis, large-scale soil maps were compiled at different times using GIS technolog