Is query translation a distinct task from search?

INTRODUCTION The University of Sheffield participated in iCLEF 2002 using, as a test-bed, the prototype under development in the Clarity project. Clarity is an EU funded project aimed at developing a system for cross-language information retrieval for so-called low density languages, those with few translation resources. Currently translation between English and Finnish is supported; soon Swedish will be added and in the near future Latvian and Lithuanian. Clarity is being developed in a user-centred way with user involvement from the beginning. The design of the first user interface was based on current best practise, particular attention was paid to empirical evidence for a specific design choice. Six paper-based interface mock-ups representing important points in the cross-language search task were generated and presented for user assessment as a part of an extensive user study. The study (reported in Petrelli et al. 2002) was conducted to understand users and uses of cross-language information retrieval systems. Many different techniques were applied: contextual enquiry, interviews, questionnaires, informal evaluation of existing cross-language technology, and participatory design sessions with the interface mock-ups mentioned above. As a result, a user class profile was sketched and a long list of user requirements was compiled. As a followup, a redesign session took place and the new system was designed for users whoknow the language(s) they are searching (polyglots); • search for writing (journalists, translators business analysts); • have limited searching skills; • know the topic in advance or will learn/read on it while searching; • use many languages in the same search session and often swap between them. New system features were listed as important and the user interface was redesigned. Considering the result of the study the new interface allowed the user to dynamically change the language setting from query to query, hid the query translation and showed the retrieved set as ranked list primary. Despite the fact that this new design was considered to be more effective, a comparison between the first layout based on the relevant literature and the new one based on the user study was considered an important research question. In particular, the choice of hiding the query translation was considered an important design decision, against the common agreement to allow and support the user in controlling the system actions. Thus the participation of Sheffield in iCLEF was organized around the idea of checking if the user should validate the query translation before the search is run or instead if the system should perform the translation and search in a single step without any user’s supervision

Arthropod-Borne Disease Control at a Glance: What's New on Drug Development?

Discovering and validating effective drugs to manage arthropod-borne diseases (ABD) is a timely and important research challenge with major impacts on real-world control programs at the time of quick resistance development in the targeted pathogens. This editorial highlights major research advances in the development of drugs for the control of vector-borne diseases, with a significant focus on malaria, Chagas disease, dengue, human African trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and Zika. Broad reviews providing new insights on ABD recently published in Molecules have also been covered in "The Editors' pick" section

Colloidal CuFeS2 Nanocrystals: Intermediate Fe d-Band Leads to High Photothermal Conversion Efficiency

We describe the colloidal hot-injection synthesis of phase-pure nanocrystals (NCs) of a highly abundant mineral, chalcopyrite (CuFeS2). Absorption bands centered at around 480 and 950 nm, spanning almost the entire visible and near infrared regions, encompass their optical extinction characteristics. These peaks are ascribable to electronic transitions from the valence band (VB) to the empty intermediate band (IB), located in the fundamental gap and mainly composed of Fe 3d orbitals. Laser-irradiation (at 808 nm) of an aqueous suspension of CuFeS2 NCs exhibited significant heating, with a photothermal conversion efficiency of 49%. Such efficient heating is ascribable to the carrier relaxation within the broad IB band (owing to the indirect VB-IB gap), as corroborated by transient absorption measurements. The intense absorption and high photothermal transduction efficiency (PTE) of these NCs in the so-called biological window (650-900 nm) makes them suitable for photothermal therapy as demonstrated by tumor cell annihilation upon laser irradiation. The otherwise harmless nature of these NCs in dark conditions was confirmed by in vitro toxicity tests on two different cell lines. The presence of the deep Fe levels constituting the IB is the origin of such enhanced PTE, which can be used to design other high performing NC photothermal agents.Comment: 12 pages, Chemistry of Materials, 31-May-201

Numerical simulation of 3D free surface flows in time dependent curvilinear coordinates

We propose a three dimensional non-hydrostatic shock-capturing numerical model for the simulation of wave propagation, transformation and breaking, which is based on an original integral formulation of the contravariant Navier-Stokes equations, devoid of Christoffel symbols, in general time-dependent curvilinear coordinates

Electromyoneurography and laboratory findings in a case of Guillain-Barré syndrome after second dose of Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an acute immune-mediated disease of the peripheral nerves and nerve roots (polyradiculoneuropathy) that is usually elicited by various infections. We present a case of GBS after receiving the second dose of Pfizer-COVID 19 vaccine. Diagnosis was made after performing an accurate clinical examination, electromyoneurography and laboratory tests. In particular, anti-ganglioside antibo-dies have tested positive. During this pandemic with ongoing worldwide mass vaccination campaign, it is critically important for clinicians to rapidly recognize neurological complications or other side effects associated with COVID-19 vaccinatio

Cross-lingual document retrieval categorisation and navigation based on distributed services

The widespread use of the Internet across countries has increased the need for access to document collections that are often written in languages different from a user’s native language. In this paper we describe Clarity, a Cross Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) system for English, Finnish, Swedish, Latvian and Lithuanian. Clarity is a fully-fledged retrieval system that supports the user during the whole process of query formulation, text retrieval and document browsing. We address four of the major aspects of Clarity: (i) the user-driven methodology that formed the basis for the iterative design cycle and framework in the project, (ii) the system architecture that was developed to support the interaction and coordination of Clarity’s distributed services, (iii) the data resources and methods for query translation, and (iv) the support for Baltic languages. Clarity is an example of a distributed CLIR system built with minimal translation resources and, to our knowledge, the only such system that currently supports Baltic languages

Tratamiento quirúrgico vs terapia periodontal básica: estudios longitudinales en periodoncia clínica

Las enfermedades periodontales son unas graves infecciones bacterianas que destruyen las fibras de inserción y el hueso de soporte que mantienen los dientes en la boca. Sin tratar, esta enfermedad puede llevar a la pérdida dental (Medical Dictionary). Los estudios longitudinales han centrado su atención hacia la periodontitis crónica. Se ha documentado el decisivo papel de la placa bacteriana en la iniciación y en el mantenimiento de la gingivitis, y que, los efectos dañinos sobre los tejidos y la gravedad de estos efectos están regulados por una compleja interacción entre el parásito y huésped. El tratamiento de la lesión periodontal cumple, para el tratamiento periodontal básico, con el propósito de eliminar y prevenir la recurrencia de los depósitos bacterianos localizados en las superficies dentarias supragingivales y subgingivales y, para el tratamiento quirúrgico con el objetivo de crear acceso para el desbridamiento profesional correcto de las superficies radiculares infectadas y establecer una morfología gingival adecuada que facilite el autocontrol de la placa por parte del paciente. Diferentes técnicas se han utilizado para alcanzar el objetivo de mejorar el pronóstico de los dientes a largo plazo. Desafortunadamente no son muchos los estudios que consiguen demostrar la efectividad de las técnicas utilizadas, con una evolución a lo largo del tiempo dejando entonces algunas incertidumbres. Periodontal diseases are bacterial infections that destroy the attachment fibres and supporting bone that hold the teeth in the mouth. Left untreated, these diseases can lead to tooth loss (Medical Dictionary). Longitudinal studies centred their attention on chronic periodontitis. It has been documented the decisive role played by microbiological plaque in the initiation of gingivitis and that, the harmful effect on the tissues and its severity, are controlled by the complex host-parasite interaction. Treatment of periodontal lesion can be carried out either by non-surgical treatment, to eliminate and prevent the recurrence of bacterial deposits, or by surgical treatment, to create access for professional debridment of infected root surface and establish adequate gingival morphology to facilitate self plaque control. Different techniques are used to achieve the objective to improve teeth long term prognosis. Unfortunately no many studies have been able to demonstrate the effectiveness of the used technique in a long term intervals leaving unclear some questions

Actualización en radiología dental: Radiología convencional Vs digital

Desde su incorporación a la práctica odontológica la radiología digital ha experimentado un importante desarrollo. El continuo avance de las tecnologías en las que se sustenta ha dotado a estos sistemas de interesantes prestaciones que pueden facilitar el diagnóstico y manejo de imágenes radiográficas. Con estos avances la radiología digital ha despertado un interés creciente entre los profesionales de la odontología, especialmente durante los últimos años, en los que ha aumentado notoriamente tanto la cantidad de sistemas comercializados como el número de odontólogos que han decidido sustituir la radiología convencional por un sistema digital en sus clínicas. En esta revisión de la literatura se tratará de ofrecer una visión actualizada de los distintos sistemas disponibles en la actualidad, así como una comparativa entre ellos basada en estudios publicados recientemente. Since its appearance in dentistry, digital radiology has experienced a notorious development. A constant advance in the corresponding technologies has enhanced these digital systems with interesting features which may facilitate radiological diagnosis and image management. Due to these advances digital radiology has elicited a growing interest in dentistry. Specially during the last years there has been an increase both in the amount of available systems and in the number of dentists who have incorporated a digital system in their offices. This literature review aims to offer an updated view of the available systems and a comparison of them based in recent studies

Time-space focused intrusion of genetically unrelated arc magmas in the early Paleozoic Ross-Delamerian Orogen (Morozumi Range, Antarctica)

The growth of continental crust in accretionary orogenic belts takes place through repeated cycles of subduction– accretion of rock units fromcontinental and oceanic magmatic arcs, supra-subduction zone backarcs and forearcs loaded with continent-derived materials. An ancient example relevant to magmatic arc accretion models is represented by the remnants of the Cambrian–Ordovician Ross Orogen in the Morozumi Range, Victoria Land (Antarctica). There, late Neoproterozoic phyllites host an intrusive complex which preserves a remarkably uncommon record of genetically unrelated magma pulses emplaced under a variable stress regime in a short time span: (1) a dominant K-feldspar–phyric granite, (2) fine-grained dioritic stocks and dykes, (3) a peraluminous granite; and (4) a tonalitic–granodioritic dyke swarm. Laserprobe U–Pb zircon dates cluster at late Cambrian times for all these units, yet they carry differential cargoes of relict cores. Unique geochemical– isotopic signatures for both the less evolved magmas (diorite and dyke tonalite) and the most acidic ones (granite and peraluminous granite) indicate that each one of them originated from distinct sources at depth. Additionally, field relationships and chemical evolutionary trends testify for a variety of shallow level open-system processes, such as magma mingling/mixing between diorite and main granite magmas, as well as progressive incorporation of the host schists by the dyke tonalite magma. In summary, crustal growth in the Morozumi intrusive complex was contributed by fresh mantle magma issuing from the metasomatised mantle wedge, while the production of othermelts did recycle different crustal portions/layers: the main granite derived fromGrenville-age granulitic lower crust; the peraluminous granite from late Proterozoic upper crust, and the tonalite magmas derived from subduction erosion-enriched subarc mantle and evolved by ingestion of local metasedimentary rocks. Overall, the Morozumi intrusive complex yields evidence for emplacement in the same site at the same time of magmas issuing fromdifferent sources that are usually found at a different depth in the arc lithospheric section. A likely scenario to activate this specific mechanism of melt production is a subduction zone affected by subduction erosion

Bacterial Symbionts in Ceratitis capitata

Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) is responsible for extensive damage in agriculture with important economic losses. Several strategies have been proposed to control this insect pest including insecticides and the Sterile Insect Technique. Traditional control methods should be implemented by innovative tools, among which those based on insect symbionts seem very promising. Our study aimed to investigate, through the 16S Miseq analysis, the microbial communities associated with selected organs in three different medfly populations to identify possible candidates to develop symbiont-based control approaches. Our results confirm that Klebsiella and Providencia are the dominant bacteria in guts, while a more diversified microbial community has been detected in reproductive organs. Concertedly, we revealed for the first time the presence of Chroococcidiopsis and Propionibacterium as stable components of the medfly's microbiota. Additionally, in the reproductive organs, we detected Asaia, a bacterium already proposed as a tool in the Symbiotic Control of Vector-Borne Diseases. A strain of Asaia, genetically modified to produce a green fluorescent protein, was used to ascertain the ability of Asaia to colonize specific organs of C. capitata. Our study lays the foundation for the development of control methods for C. capitata based on the use of symbiont bacteria