Leintz gatzaga landslide: geotechnical analysis and monitorization with terrestial and radar techniques (eoslide project

[ES] La inestabilidad de ladera que afecta a la villa de Leintz Gatzaga (Gipuzkoa) y su entorno ha producido desde hace siglos daños estructurales en viviendas, muros y viales, que van desde moderados a intensos. Esto ha obligado a ejecutar diferentes actuaciones de reparación y consolidación. Se realiza en este trabajo una discusión geológico/geotécnica de los datos disponibles sobre el deslizamiento que afecta a la ladera, así como de los resultados obtenidos a partir de su monitorización con inclinómetros, piezómetros y fisurómetros en los últimos años. Complementariamente, este deslizamiento ha sido elegido como zona test del proyecto EOSLIDE, en el que se han desarrollado e implementado metodologías de vigilancia que combinan técnicas terrestres clásicas con Técnicas Avanzadas de Interferometría Diferencial Radar de Satélite (A-DInSAR), además de utilizar técnicas gravimétricas para la el estudio de estructuras bajo superficie. Se describen las actuaciones realizadas en el marco de este proyecto y los resultados obtenidos.[EN] Leintz Gatzaga village settles on a slope which whose instability has caused the former moderate to severe structural damages for centuries. Different remedial and consolidation solutions have been adopted in order to mitigate the landslide effects. In this work, we analyse and discuss the geological and geotechnical characteristics of the landslide, and the monotorization monitorization results obtained by inclinometers, piezometers and fisurometers in recent years. This landslide has been chosen as a test case to for the EOSLIDE project, which aims is to develop and implement surveillance methodologies combining classic terrestial techniques with Advanced Differential Radar Interferometry (A-DInSAR). Furthermore, gravimetric techniques have been applied in order to study subsoil structures. We describe the procedures and results obtained in within the framework of this project.Este trabajo se ha desarrollado en el marco del proyecto EOSLIDE del MINECO (IPT-2011-1234-310000) de la convocatoria INNPACTO 2011. La investigación de AGC, JFP y JF ha sido también parcialmente sufragada por los proyectos GEOSIR (AYA2010-17448) y AQUARISK (ESP2013-47780-C2-I-R) del MINECO.Peer reviewe

Deslizamiento de leintz gatzaga: instrumentación geotécnica y monitorización del movimiento con técnicas terrestres y espaciales.

La inestabilidad de ladera que afecta a la villa de Leintz Gatzaga (Gipuzkoa) y su entorno ha producido desde hace siglos daños estructurales en viviendas, muros y viales, que van desde moderados a intensos. Esto ha obligado a ejecutar diferentes actuaciones de reparación y consolidación. Se realiza en este trabajo una discusión geológico/geotécnica de los datos disponibles sobre el deslizamiento que afecta a la ladera, así como de los resultados obtenidos a partir de su monitorización con inclinómetros, piezómetros y ?surómetros en lo

Application surface of CPT, an advanced DInSAR displacement near Itoiz dam, Navarra, Spain

Itoiz reservoir is located in Navarra, northern Spain, being a newly constructed gravity dam that stores the water from the Irati and the Urrobi rivers. The dam has a total height of 121 m, a total length of 525 m and a maximum water storage volume of 410 hm3. The aim of this work is to study the surface displacement field during the impoundment of the Itoiz water reservoir. Orbital SAR Differential Interferometry (DInSAR) techniques have been proven to be a useful and powerful tool in tectonic areas for surveying subtle surface deformations over several years related to geodynamic phenomena. An advanced DInSAR observation technique, Coherent Pixel Technique (CPT), has been applied to study the existence of deformation in the dam area in order to obtain mean velocities and time series of deformation. We have studied the applicability of this technique to study the surface displacement field during the impoundment of the Itoiz water reservoir. Specifically, we focus on the analysis of the stability of the left slope of the reservoir. We have used ERS and ENVISAT descending and ascending images concerning to the 1992-2008 and 2003-2008 periods respectively. We compare the observation results with the displacement induced by water loading obtained using a theoretical model

On the applicability of an advanced DInSAR techniques near Itoiz and Yesa reservoirs, Navarra, Spain

In this paper we show the applicability of orbital Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Differential Interferometry (DInSAR) with multiple images for terrain deformation episodes monitoring. This paper is focused on the Coherent Pixels Technique (CPT). This technique has been tested with ERS SAR and ENVISAT ASAR data for the period 1992-2008 from The Itoiz and Yesa reservoirs. These ones, located in Navarra, northern Spain, are constructed gravity dams that stores the water from the Irati and the Urrobi rivers, and the Aragón river respectively. The results has been compared with theoretical results obtained using an analytical model

High prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the surgical units of Mulago hospital in Kampala, Uganda

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>There is limited data on Methicillin resistant <it>Staphylococcus aureus </it>(MRSA) in Uganda where, as in most low income countries, the routine use of chromogenic agar for MRSA detection is not affordable. We aimed to determine MRSA prevalence among patients, healthcare workers (HCW) and the environment in the burns units at Mulago hospital, and compare the performance of CHROMagar with oxacillin for detection of MRSA.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>One hundred samples (from 25 patients; 36 HCW; and 39 from the environment, one sample per person/item) were cultured for the isolation of <it>Staphylococcus aureus</it>. Forty one <it>S. aureus </it>isolates were recovered from 13 patients, 13 HCW and 15 from the environment, all of which were oxacillin resistant and <it>mecA/femA/nuc</it>-positive. MRSA prevalence was 46% (41/89) among patients, HCW and the environment, and 100% (41/41) among the isolates. For CHROMagar, MRSA prevalence was 29% (26/89) among patients, HCW and the environment, and 63% (26/41) among the isolates. There was high prevalence of multidrug resistant isolates, which concomitantly possessed virulence and antimicrobial resistance determinants, notably biofilms, hemolysins, toxin and <it>ica </it>genes. One isolate positive for all determinants possessed the <it>bhp </it>homologue which encodes the biofilm associated protein (BAP), a rare finding in human isolates. SCC<it>mec </it>type I was the most common at 54% prevalence (22/41), followed by <it>SCCmec </it>type V (15%, 6/41) and <it>SCCmec </it>type IV (7%, 3/41). <it>SCCmec </it>types II and III were not detected and 10 isolates (24%) were non-typeable.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Hyper-virulent methicillin resistant <it>Staphylococcus aureus </it>is prevalent in the burns unit of Mulago hospital.</p

“Tourism, water, and gender”—An international review of an unexplored nexus

This international literature review of the tourism–water nexus identifies a gender gap. Tourism development can affect water supply both quantitatively and qualitatively. Many regions will face considerable problems of water availability and quality, affecting their tourism sector and increasing competition with local residents, and other industries especially agriculture. This international review of literature explores the tourism–water nexus, comparing and contrasting literature published in English, Chinese, and Spanish. Securing access to safe water for continued tourism development is a common theme and the vast majority of work has focused on hotels including water pricing, water-saving practices and innovative management methods. In all continents, struggles are apparent, and the unsustainability of tourism is having impacts on water quantity and quality. This article identifies significant gaps in the literature including climate change, the energy-water nexus, and the links with the Sustainable Development Goals. Furthermore, studies from a gendered perspective are minimal and the potential for areas of further gendered studies within the tourism–water nexus are highlighted including intersectionality, water insecurity and sanitation, tourism and gender based violence, and additional unpaid care work

Results obtained from the multiple geodetic observations at Lorca (Murcia, Spain) subsidence area

Trabajo presentado en el AGU (American Geophysical Union) Fall Meeting: Advancing Earth and Space Science, celebrado en Washington D.C. (Estados Unidos), del 10 al 14 de diciembre de 2018The Lorca region, located in the Alto Guadalentín Basin, southern Spain, shows the highest subsidence rates recorded in Europe (about 10 cm/yr). It is produced by a long-term aquifer exploitation (González and Fernández, 2011; Bonì et al., 2014). This process has been studied in various works using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) with images acquired from different satellites (ERS and ENVISAT radar data spanning the 1992 – 2007 period; ALOS PALSAR data for the period 2007–2010; and COSMO-SkyMed data for the period 2011–2012). González et al. (2012) established a relationship between the crustal unloading produced by the groundwater overexploitation and the stress change on the regional active tectonic faults in relation with the May 2008 Lorca earthquake. Those previous studies, based on InSAR and using either ascending or descending acquisitions, assumed that the surface displacement direction is entirely vertical. However, it is important to obtain the complete 3D motion field in order to perform a correct interpretation of the observations, as well as to carry out an advanced numerical model of the aquifer evolution, to be considered for sustainable management plans of groundwater resources and hazard assessments. To achieve this goal, GNSS surveys have been carried out from 2015 to 2018, showing the regional 3D displacement field associated to the exploitation of the aquifer (Prieto et al., 2016; Fernández et al. 2017). Also, simultaneous ascending and descending InSAR observations have been used, along with structural gravimetry (Camacho et al., 2015) and microgravity to study the subsidence area in a more complete geodetic way. We present the results obtained from all those techniques, their comparison, and the interpretation results using different inversion techniques (Tiampo et al., 2011; Camacho et al., 2011, 2015; Cannavò et al., 2015).Peer reviewe

Factorial validity of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) in clinical samples: A critical examination of the literature and a psychometric study in anorexia nervosa

There is extensive use of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) in research and clinical practice in anorexia nervosa (AN), though it is not empirically established in this population. This study aims to examine the factorial validity of the TAS-20 in a Portuguese AN sample (N = 125), testing four different models (ranging from 1 to 4 factors) that were identified in critical examination of existing factor analytic studies. Results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) suggested that the three-factor solution, measuring difficulty identifying (DIF) and describing feelings (DDF), and externally oriented thinking (EOT), was the best fitting model. The quality of measurement improves if two EOT items (16 and 18) are eliminated. Internal consistency of EOT was low and decreased with age. The results provide support for the factorial validity of the TAS-20 in AN. Nevertheless, the measurement of EOT requires some caution and may be problematic in AN adolescents.Center for Psychology at the University of Porto, Portuguese Science Foundation (FCT UID/PSI/00050/2013) and EU FEDER through COMPETE 2020 program (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007294info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Surface deformation study of La Palma Island using C-Band radar imagery and GNSS data

Trabajo presentado en el 18th International Symposium on Geodynamics and Earth Tides: Intelligent Earth system sensing, scientific enquiry and discovery, celebrado en Trieste (Italia), del 5 al 9 de junio de 2016We present new results on the deformation field for La Palma Island in the Canary Archipelago using A-DInSAR analysis of C-Band SAR images from ENVISAT and ERS-2 satellites for a six-year period between years 2004 and 2010. The recent volcanic activity registered in La Palma (with seven eruptions in ca. A.D. 1480, 1585, 1646, 1677, 1712, 1949 and 1971) and the absence of any geodetic monitoring system implemented in the Island at the 90¿s converts A-DInSAR studies in an basic information source for the study of surface displacements. From late 90¿s several geodetic studies using GNSS, gravimetry and InSAR techniques has been carried out in the island (see Fernández et al., 2015 for a summary). In this study we updated previous radar satellite results by increasing the temporal coverage up to 2010 and and using a recently developed A-DInSAR processing technique which includes an error estimation for the LOS mean velocity and deformation time series (¿Subsidence¿ software, developed by the ¿Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, see e.g., Blanco-Sánchez et al., 2008, and Centolanza, 2015). Our A-DInSAR results are compared with previous InSAR ones and with GNSS results obtained from campaigns. A discussion and geological interpretation of the results is also presented. Radar images have been provided by ESA through Cat.-1 13933 project.Peer reviewe