The effectiveness of resistance genes derived from Aegilops spp. to wheat rusts

In this paper resistance of nearly isogenic lines with genes Sr32, Sr33, Lr9, Lr21 and Lr22 derived from Ae. squarrosa and Ae. umbellulata is presented. The genes Sr32 and Sr33 showed good effectiveness to different pathotypes of wheat stem rust in seedling stage. But, in adult stage lines with this genes were moderately resistant to very susceptible in Kragujevac and Zajeear. The most effective was gene Lr9. In our population of wheat leaf rust there is no alleles of virulence to this gene. The lines with other two genes (Lr21 and Lr22) were susceptible in Novi Sad and moderately susceptible in Kragujevac. Studies showed that Aegilops spp. is very important source of Sr and Lr genes of resistance

CORRELATION OF MORPHOLOGIC AND PRODUCTION TRAITS OF HONEY BEE COLONIES FROM SERBIA

Abstract: State of mutual or reciprocal relationship between traits is determined by the correlation coefficients. Correlation of morphological and production traits was determined in two generations of honey bee colonies. In the first generation, mother queen bees were studied, and in the second generation, their offspring. The study of one generation lasted two years. Morphological traits were determined in the beginning of the study and production traits were determined in the spring and autumn inspections of every year. In the first generation, the positive and mostly high correlation between morphological traits, and honey yield and hygienic behaviour was determined. Correlation of morphological traits, colony strength and food supplies per colony ranged from highly positive to slightly negative values. It was found that there was a high correlation between some production traits (colony strength in the spring and autumn inspections and honey yield per colony). In the analysis of offspring (second generation), most traits that were positively correlated in mother generation now, also, showed a similar relationship. The only difference, in contrast to mother generation, was that, for most traits, the intensity of interaction increased

Rust expression browser: an open source database for simultaneous analysis of host and pathogen gene expression profiles with expVIP

BackgroundTranscriptomics is being increasingly applied to generate new insight into the interactions between plants and their pathogens. For the wheat yellow (stripe) rust pathogen (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, Pst) RNA-based sequencing (RNA-Seq) has proved particularly valuable, overcoming the barriers associated with its obligate biotrophic nature. This includes the application of RNA-Seq approaches to study Pst and wheat gene expression dynamics over time and the Pst population composition through the use of a novel RNA-Seq based surveillance approach called "field pathogenomics". As a dual RNA-Seq approach, the field pathogenomics technique also provides gene expression data from the host, giving new insight into host responses. However, this has created a wealth of data for interrogation.ResultsHere, we used the field pathogenomics approach to generate 538 new RNA-Seq datasets from Pst-infected field wheat samples, doubling the amount of transcriptomics data available for this important pathosystem. We then analysed these datasets alongside 66 RNA-Seq datasets from four Pst infection time-courses and 420 Pst-infected plant field and laboratory samples that were publicly available. A database of gene expression values for Pst and wheat was generated for each of these 1024 RNA-Seq datasets and incorporated into the development of the rust expression browser (http://www.rust-expression.com). This enables for the first time simultaneous 'point-and-click' access to gene expression profiles for Pst and its wheat host and represents the largest database of processed RNA-Seq datasets available for any of the three Puccinia wheat rust pathogens. We also demonstrated the utility of the browser through investigation of expression of putative Pst virulence genes over time and examined the host plants response to Pst infection.ConclusionsThe rust expression browser offers immense value to the wider community, facilitating data sharing and transparency and the underlying database can be continually expanded as more datasets become publicly available

Cardiovascular diseases and air pollution in Novi Sad, Serbia

Objectives: A large body of evidence has documented that air pollutants have adverse effect on human health as well as on the environment. The aim of this study was to determine whether there was an association between outdoor concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and a daily number of hospital admissions due to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in Novi Sad, Serbia among patients aged above 18. Material and Methods: The investigation was carried out during over a 3-year period (from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2009) in the area of Novi Sad. The number (N = 10 469) of daily CVD (ICD-10: I00-I99) hospital admissions was collected according to patients' addresses. Daily mean levels of NO2 and SO2, measured in the ambient air of Novi Sad via a network of fixed samplers, have been used to put forward outdoor air pollution. Associations between air pollutants and hospital admissions were firstly analyzed by the use of the linear regression in a single polluted model, and then trough a single and multi-polluted adjusted generalized linear Poisson model. Results: The single polluted model (without confounding factors) indicated that there was a linear increase in the number of hospital admissions due to CVD in relation to the linear increase in concentrations of SO2 (p = 0.015; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.144-1.329, R2 = 0.005) and NO2 (p = 0.007; 95% CI: 0.214-1.361, R2 = 0.007). However, the single and multi-polluted adjusted models revealed that only NO2 was associated with the CVD (p = 0.016, relative risk (RR) = 1.049, 95% CI: 1.009-1.091 and p = 0.022, RR = 1.047, 95% CI: 1.007-1.089, respectively). Conclusions: This study shows a significant positive association between hospital admissions due to CVD and outdoor NO2 concentrations in the area of Novi Sad, Serbia

First measurements with the CMS DAQ and timing hub prototype-1

The DAQ and Timing Hub is an ATCA hub board designed for the Phase-2 upgrade of the CMS experiment. In addition to providing high-speed Ethernet connectivity to all back-end boards, it forms the bridge between the sub-detector electronics and the central DAQ, timing, and trigger control systems. One important requirement is the distribution of several high-precision, phasestable, and LHC-synchronous clock signals for use by the timing detectors. The current paper presents first measurements performed on the initial prototype, with a focus on clock quality. It is demonstrated that the current design provides adequate clock quality to satisfy the requirements of the Phase-2 CMS timing detectors

Targeted plant improvement through genome editing: from laboratory to field

This review illustrates how far we have come since the emergence of GE technologies and how they could be applied to obtain superior and sustainable crop production. The main challenges of today's agriculture are maintaining and raising productivity, reducing its negative impact on the environment, and adapting to climate change. Efficient plant breeding can generate elite varieties that will rapidly replace obsolete ones and address ongoing challenges in an efficient and sustainable manner. Site-specific genome editing in plants is a rapidly evolving field with tangible results. The technology is equipped with a powerful toolbox of molecular scissors to cut DNA at a pre-determined site with different efficiencies for designing an approach that best suits the objectives of each plant breeding strategy. Genome editing (GE) not only revolutionizes plant biology, but provides the means to solve challenges related to plant architecture, food security, nutrient content, adaptation to the environment, resistance to diseases and production of plant-based materials. This review illustrates how far we have come since the emergence of these technologies and how these technologies could be applied to obtain superior, safe and sustainable crop production. Synergies of genome editing with other technological platforms that are gaining significance in plants lead to an exciting new, post-genomic era for plant research and production. In previous months, we have seen what global changes might arise from one new virus, reminding us of what drastic effects such events could have on food production. This demonstrates how important science, technology, and tools are to meet the current time and the future. Plant GE can make a real difference to future sustainable food production to the benefit of both mankind and our environment.European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) CA18111info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Bounded and compact multipliers between Bergman and Hardy spaces

This paper studies the boundedness and compactness of the coefficient multiplier operators between various Bergman spaces A p and Hardy spaces H q . Some new characterizations of the multipliers between the spaces with exponents 1 or 2 are derived which, in particular, imply a Bergman space analogue of the Paley-Rudin Theorem on sparse sequences. Hardy and Bergman spaces are shown to be linked using mixed-norm spaces, and this linkage is used to improve a known result on ( A p , A 2 ), 1< p <2.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/42949/1/20_2005_Article_BF01225524.pd

The Effect of Hive Volume on Efficiency and Strength Conservation and Restoration of Food Supplies During the Wintering in Langstroth Hives

The influence of volume of the hive on wintering, colony strength and food supply was observed during the three-year period. Standard LR hives were used for the experiment. Colonies were tested based on the number of hive bodies and the number of frames in the brood hive bodies. The colonies were divided into two groups based on the number of frames: group I had eight frames in the brood bodies, the second group included 10 frames in the brood bodies. Based on the number of hive bodies, colonies were also divided into two groups: colonies with a single hive body and colonies with two hive bodies. The inspections were carried out in the autumn in late August and early September, and in the spring in late March and early April. Colony strength was determined by the amount of brood and food supplies through the amount of honey and pollen. It was found that the number of frames in the brood bodies had almost no impact on the colony strength and the amount of food in the autumn and spring inspections. Percentage ratio in spring and autumn inspections was more favourable in ten-frame hives considering the amount of bees and pollen. The ratio for the amount of brood between the two inspections was higher in eight-frame hives. The colonies replenished bees more rapidly and foraged pollen more efficiently in ten-frame hives while the colonies in eight-frame hives replenished brood quicker. It was found that, during the three-year period, the hive volume had impact on strength and food supply of colonies. Colonies that have wintered in two hive bodies had favourable ratio of spring and autumn inspections for the amount of bees, brood and pollen, while the ratio for the amount of honey was more favourable in the colonies with a single hive body. The colonies with two hive bodies quicker restored strength and pollen supply, while the colonies with a single hive body consumed honey supply more rationally

Spontaneous Ignition/Low Temperature Oxidation of Municipal Solid Waste

Spontaneous ignition of waste stockpiles represents a serious economic and safety problem. The said type of processes are deemed very important for determining a tendency of municipal solid waste (MSW) towards self-ignition, as well as for identifying appropriate technical measures (ventilation, forced cooling) that need to be implemented in order to prevent fires and pollutant emissions from MSW management facilities, especially waste transfer stations, waste storages, etc. The paper describes waste oxidation and spontaneous combustion processes, which are closely related to similar processes occurring in many other organic materials. Regardless of the considered process nature, results indicate that consumption of oxygen and heat transfer rate in the waste stockpile are significant and thus favorable for fire outbreak or explosion incidents. The "constant oxidation rate" values obtained, considered to be the process indicators, were significantly larger than the corresponding values obtained for different coal varieties