8,073 research outputs found
Constitutional Analogies in the International Legal System
This Article explores issues at the frontier of international law and constitutional law. It considers five key structural and systemic challenges that the international legal system now faces: (1) decentralization and disaggregation; (2) normative and institutional hierarchies; (3) compliance and enforcement; (4) exit and escape; and (5) democracy and legitimacy. Each of these issues raises questions of governance, institutional design, and allocation of authority paralleling the questions that domestic legal systems have answered in constitutional terms. For each of these issues, I survey the international legal landscape and consider the salience of potential analogies to domestic constitutions, drawing upon and extending the writings of international legal scholars and international relations theorists. I also offer some preliminary thoughts about why some treaties and institutions, but not others, more readily lend themselves to analysis in constitutional terms. And I distinguish those legal and political issues that may generate useful insights for scholars studying the growing intersections of international and constitutional law from other areas that may be more resistant to constitutional analogies
Rolling of asymmetric disks on an inclined plane
In a recent papers, Turner and Turner (2010 {\em Am. J. Phys.} {\bf 78}
905-7) and Jensen (2011 {\em Eur. J. Phys.} {\bf 32} 389-397) analysed the
motion of asymmetric rolling rigid bodies on a horizontal plane. These papers
addressed the common misconception that the instantaneous point of contact of
the rolling body with the plane can be used to evaluate the angular momentum
and the torque in the equation of motion
. To obtain the correct equation of motion,
the "phantom torque" or various rules that depend on the motion of the point
about which and are evaluated were discussed. In
this paper, I consider asymmetric disks rolling down an inclined plane and
describe the most basic way of obtaining the correct equation of motion; that
is, to choose the point about which and are
evaluated that is stationary in an inertial frame
The ambivalent shadow of the pre-Wilsonian rise of international law
The generation of American international lawyers who founded the American Society of International Law in 1906 and nurtured the soil for what has been retrospectively called a âmoralistic legalistic approach to international relationsâ remains little studied. A survey of the rise of international legal literature in the U.S. from the mid-19th century to the eve of the Great War serves as a backdrop to the examination of the boosting effect on international law of the Spanish American War in 1898. An examination of the Insular Cases before the US Supreme Court is then accompanied by the analysis of a number of influential factors behind the pre-war rise of international law in the U.S. The work concludes with an examination of the rise of natural law doctrines in international law during the interwar period and the critiques addressed.by the realist founders of the field of âinternational relationsâ to the âmoralistic legalistic approach to international relation
Higgs mediated Double Flavor Violating top decays in Effective Theories
The possibility of detecting double flavor violating top quark transitions at
future colliders is explored in a model-independent manner using the effective
Lagrangian approach through the () decays. A
Yukawa sector that contemplates invariants of up to
dimension six is proposed and used to derive the most general flavor violating
and CP violating and vertices of renormalizable type.
Low-energy data, on high precision measurements, and experimental limits are
used to constraint the and vertices and then used to
predict the branching ratios for the decays. It is found
that this branching ratios may be of the order of , for a
relative light Higgs boson with mass lower than , which could be more
important than those typical values found in theories beyond the standard model
for the rare top quark decays () or . %% LHC experiments, by using a total integrated luminosity of of data, will be able to rule out, at 95% C.L., DFV top quark
decays up to a Higgs mass of 155 GeV/ or discover such a process up to a
Higgs mass of 147 GeV/.Comment: 24 pages, 11 figure
Spacetime Defects: von K\'arm\'an vortex street like configurations
A special arrangement of spinning strings with dislocations similar to a von
K\'arm\'an vortex street is studied. We numerically solve the geodesic
equations for the special case of a test particle moving along twoinfinite rows
of pure dislocations and also discuss the case of pure spinning defects.Comment: 9 pages, 2figures, CQG in pres
A review of the decoherent histories approach to the arrival time problem in quantum theory
We review recent progress in understanding the arrival time problem in
quantum mechanics, from the point of view of the decoherent histories approach
to quantum theory. We begin by discussing the arrival time problem, focussing
in particular on the role of the probability current in the expected classical
solution. After a brief introduction to decoherent histories we review the use
of complex potentials in the construction of appropriate class operators. We
then discuss the arrival time problem for a particle coupled to an environment,
and review how the arrival time probability can be expressed in terms of a POVM
in this case. We turn finally to the question of decoherence of the
corresponding histories, and we show that this can be achieved for simple
states in the case of a free particle, and for general states for a particle
coupled to an environment.Comment: 10 pages. To appear in DICE 2010 conference proceeding
The Chagos Islands cases: the empire strikes back
Good governance requires the accommodation of multiple interests in the cause of decision making. However, undue regard for particular sectional interests can take their toll upon public faith in government administration. Historically, broad conceptions of the good of the commonwealth were employed to outweigh the interests of groups that resisted colonisation. In the decision making of the British Empire, the standard approach for justifying the marginalisation of the interests of colonised groups was that they were uncivilised and that particular hardships were the price to be paid for bringing to them the imperial dividend of industrial society. It is widely assumed that with the dismantling of the British Empire, such impulses and their accompanying jurisprudence became a thing of the past. Even as decolonisation proceeded apace after the Second World War, however, the United Kingdom maintained control of strategically important islands with a view towards sustaining its global role. In an infamous example from this twilight period of empire, in the 1960s imperial interests were used to justify the expulsion of the Chagos islanders from the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT). Into the twenty-first century, this forced elision of the UKâs interests with the imperial âcommon goodâ continues to take centre stage in courtroom battles over the islandersâ rights, being cited before domestic and international tribunals in order to maintain the Chagossiansâ exclusion from their homeland. This article considers the new jurisprudence of imperialism which has emerged in a string of decisions which have continued to marginalise the Chagossiansâ interests
Phase separation in systems with absorbing states
We study the problem of phase separation in systems with a positive definite
order parameter, and in particular, in systems with absorbing states. Owing to
the presence of a single minimum in the free energy driving the relaxation
kinetics, there are some basic properties differing from standard phase
separation. We study analytically and numerically this class of systems; in
particular we determine the phase diagram, the growth laws in one and two
dimensions and the presence of scale invariance. Some applications are also
discussed.Comment: Submitted to Europhysics Let
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