The future of spaceborne altimetry. Oceans and climate change: A long-term strategy

The ocean circulation and polar ice sheet volumes provide important memory and control functions in the global climate. Their long term variations are unknown and need to be understood before meaningful appraisals of climate change can be made. Satellite altimetry is the only method for providing global information on the ocean circulation and ice sheet volume. A robust altimeter measurement program is planned which will initiate global observations of the ocean circulation and polar ice sheets. In order to provide useful data about the climate, these measurements must be continued with unbroken coverage into the next century. Herein, past results of the role of the ocean in the climate system is summarized, near term goals are outlined, and requirements and options are presented for future altimeter missions. There are three basic scientific objectives for the program: ocean circulation; polar ice sheets; and mean sea level change. The greatest scientific benefit will be achieved with a series of dedicated high precision altimeter spacecraft, for which the choice of orbit parameters and system accuracy are unencumbered by requirements of companion instruments

Pengembangan Model Program Tanggung Jawab Sosial dan Lingkungan Perusahaan Kehutanan, Perkebunan dan Pertambangan di Kalimantan Timur

Model Development Program Social Responsibility and Corporate Environment Forestry, Plantation and mining in East Kalimantan. Social and Environmental Responsibility (TJSL) which can be defined as a Vendor moral responsibility towards their stakeholders, particularly the community around the work area or oprasionality. TJSL can be understood as an attempt commitment to act ethically, operating legally and contribute to economic improvement along with improved quality of life of employees and their families, the local community and the wider community. Related to the disclosure of Social Responsibility and Environment there are some standards to measure the disclosure of social and environmental responsibility, one of which is TJSL disclosure guidelines by the Global Reporting Index of Global Reporting Initiatives (GRI). The guidelines of the GRI is widely used as a benchmark by the researchers to measure the disclosure policy of corporate social responsibility. Through this report, companies demonstrate accountability and transparency in the implementation of social and environmental responsibility. Therefore it is necessary to see (1). Is the company in East Kalimantan has implemented a Social and Environmental Responsibility (TJSL) in accordance with the GRI standards? (2). How to model the development of Social and Environmental Responsibility (TJSL) in accordance with the conditions in East Kalimantan? The purpose of this study are: (1). Identify the activities TJSL, (2). Know and analyze the fit between the disclosure of the implementation of the Social and Environmental Responsibility (GRI standards) and actual conditions (3). Formulating alternatives and developing implementation strategies Social and Environmental Responsibility in accordance with the conditions of East Kalimantan. Research taking samples (purposive sampling) in (1). PT Surya Hutani Jaya (concession / Industrial Plantation Forest) (2). PT Gunta Samba (oil palm) (3). PT Kaltim Prima Coal (coal mining). Explorative study, by combining methods of study documentation (study documentation) from various secondary data sources and methods directly (direct methods), namely in the field of primary data collection by interview (interview) and observation (field observation). In general, the study results showed that the Program of Social and Environmental Responsibility (TJSL) basically implemented by all major land-based company in East Kalimantan, particularly the three companies were to be the case to be investigated, to PT. Hutani Surya Jaya / PT. SHJ (Industrial Plantation Forest); 30.57% of the informants said the company has been run TJSL, 59.06% of the informants said the company does not run TJSL and 10.36% of informants claimed not to know.PT. Gunta Samba / PT. GS (Palm Oil); 27.20% of the informants said the company has been run TJSL, 41.68% of the informants said the company does not run TJSL and 31.17% of informants claimed not to know, And PT. Kaltim Prima Coal / PT. KPC (coal mining); 44.80% of the informants said the company has been run TJSL. 44.20% of informants stated the company does not run TJSL and 11.00% of informants claimed not to know. All three companies are not fully utilizing the criteria Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). Similarly, the General Model Development TJSL program consisting of: Input; Diagnosis and Design; Reference; Rationalization and implementation. It can be proposed three (3) models TJSL development, namely: (1) Model-based TJSL input from Down (Bottom-Up Model); (2) Model-based TJSL input from the Top (Top-Down Model); and Model Two-Way (Bilateral-Matching Model).Thus the government should be of national, provincial first district / city in East Kalimantan is more serious to regulate and control the TJSL program especially for land-based industries. This is because regarding hajad life and future of the people, especially the smaller communities that live in / on and on natural resources exploited by large-scale investors; the Government, in particular the Government of East Kalimantan, it is necessary to consider that TJSL is an integral part of the process National development / Local

The Decay of Debris Disks around Solar-Type Stars

We present a Spitzer MIPS study of the decay of debris disk excesses at 24 and 70 $\mu$m for 255 stars of types F4 - K2. We have used multiple tests, including consistency between chromospheric and X-ray activity and placement on the HR diagram, to assign accurate stellar ages. Within this spectral type range, at 24 $\mu$m, $13.6 \pm 2.8 \%$ of the stars younger than 5 Gyr have excesses at the 3$\sigma$ level or more, while none of the older stars do, confirming previous work. At 70 $\mu$m, $22.5 \pm 3.6\%$ of the younger stars have excesses at $\ge$ 3 $\sigma$ significance, while only $4.7^{+3.7}_{-2.2}$% of the older stars do. To characterize the far infrared behavior of debris disks more robustly, we double the sample by including stars from the DEBRIS and DUNES surveys. For the F4 - K4 stars in this combined sample, there is only a weak (statistically not significant) trend in the incidence of far infrared excess with spectral type (detected fractions of 21.9$^{+4.8}_{-4.3}\%$, late F; 16.5$^{+3.9}_{-3.3}\%$, G; and 16.9$^{+6.3}_{-5.0}\%$, early K). Taking this spectral type range together, there is a significant decline between 3 and 4.5 Gyr in the incidence of excesses with fractional luminosities just under $10^{-5}$. There is an indication that the timescale for decay of infrared excesses varies roughly inversely with the fractional luminosity. This behavior is consistent with theoretical expectations for passive evolution. However, more excesses are detected around the oldest stars than is expected from passive evolution, suggesting that there is late-phase dynamical activity around these stars.Comment: 46 pages. 7 figures. Accepted to Ap

A reverse flow boiling thermosiphon loop : design and feasibility study.

Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 40-07, page: . Thesis (M.A.Sc.)--University of Windsor (Canada), 1973

Drug enrichment and discovery from schizophrenia genome-wide association results:an analysis and visualisation approach

Using successful genome-wide association results in psychiatry for drug repurposing is an ongoing challenge. Databases collecting drug targets and gene annotations are growing and can be harnessed to shed a new light on psychiatric disorders. We used genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics from the Psychiatric Genetics Consortium (PGC) Schizophrenia working group to build a drug repositioning model for schizophrenia. As sample size increases, schizophrenia GWAS results show increasing enrichment for known antipsychotic drugs, selective calcium channel blockers, and antiepileptics. Each of these therapeutical classes targets different gene subnetworks. We identify 123 Bonferroni-significant druggable genes outside the MHC, and 128 FDR-significant biological pathways related to neurons, synapses, genic intolerance, membrane transport, epilepsy, and mental disorders. These results suggest that, in schizophrenia, current well-powered GWAS results can reliably detect known schizophrenia drugs and thus may hold considerable potential for the identification of new therapeutic leads. Moreover, antiepileptics and calcium channel blockers may provide repurposing opportunities. This study also reveals significant pathways in schizophrenia that were not identified previously, and provides a workflow for pathway analysis and drug repurposing using GWAS results

Assessment of Lactobacillus crispatus´ role in vaginal infections: friend or foe?

Lactobacillus spp. are the most prevalent microorganisms in the vaginal milleu. Several probiotic mechanisms have been associated with Lactobacillus, but the most relevant one is lactate production – resulting in a low pH value, typical of the healthy vagina. However, its pathogenic state is still unknown. We aim to elucidate the role of a commensal vaginal microorganism, Lactobacillus crispatus, in vaginal infections. Twenty-four vaginal washes have been collected from women attending a gynaecology consultation of a private clinic. The samples were categorized according with clinical diagnosis at the time of sampling. The distribution of bacterial species, and their prevalence was assessed by Next-Generation Sequencing of the 16S rRNA V4 region. In addition, L- and D-lactate concentration, and LDH enzymatic activity was quantified in all washes by a commercial kit. Detection of Candida spp. was performed by PCR. L. crispatus was dominant (>70%) in 11 out of 24 samples – diagnosed for vaginal atrophy (VA, 3), cytolytic vaginosis (CV, 2) and lactobacillosis (LB, 2). Lactate was increased in CV, LB and VA cases only. The remaining samples, diagnosed for vulvovaginal candidosis in its majority, had lower prevalence of L. crispatus; and lower to moderate lactate metabolite. There was not a direct relationship between LDH enzymatic activity and clinical diagnosis. L. crispatus dominance, associated with increased lactate production, was observed in CV, LB and VA cases. These results indicate that this microorganism might have a role in dysbiosis of the vagina associated with these specific pathologies.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Role of Lactobacillus crispatus in vaginal infections: insights from metagenomics and metabolomics studies

Objective: Lactobacillus spp. constitute the most prevalent bacterial microorganism in the vaginal milleu. Several probiotic mechanisms have been associated with Lactobacillus, but the most relevant one is lactate production – resulting in a low pH value, typical of the healthy vagina. We aim to elucidate the role of a native vaginal microorganism, Lactobacillus crispatus, in vaginal infections. Methods: Twenty-four vaginal washes have been collected from women (mean 38±14 years of age) attending a gynecology consultation of a private clinic. The samples were categorized according with clinical diagnosis at the time of sampling. The distribution of bacterial species, and their prevalence was assessed by next-generation sequencing of the 16S V4 region. In addition, lactate was quantified in all washes by a commercial kit. Results: L. crispatus was dominant (>70%) in 11 out of 24 samples – diagnosed for vaginal atrophy (VA, 3), cytolytic vaginosis (CV, 2), lactobacillosis (LB, 2) and vulvovaginal candidosis (VVC, 1). For three samples, diagnostic was inconclusive. Lactate was increased in CV, LB and VA cases only. One sample, diagnosed with VVC had 23% dominance of L. crispatus; and lower lactate metabolite. L. crispatus was not detected in the remaining 12 cases (6 VVC, 4 VA, 1 healthy and 1 inconclusive). Of these, only 5 samples had moderate lactate metabolite. Conclusions: L. crispatus dominance, associated with increased lactate production, was observed in CV, LB and VA cases. These results indicate that this microorganism might have a role in dysbiosis of the vagina associated with these specific pathologies.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio