Pluralidad democrática al interior de las Universidades Públicas Autónomas en México

Given that proportionality improves the levels of democracy, since it guarantees the plurality of ideas and protection of social groups, this research aimed to identify the percentages of democratic proportionality within the Autonomous Public Universities in Mexico, during the 2021-2022 school year. To achieve the above and, based on the literature, a questionnaire was created that was sent through the National Platform for Transparency and Access to Public Information, and the answers were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis, the methodology used was collected, organized and, gave treatment to the information, applying the statistical mean. The results describe the number of students that are part of the Universities, the percentage of men and women that make up the administrative and academic staff of the institution, the percentages of men and women reported with some disability and the percentages of administrative, academic and of the students who are part of the University Council, that is, the percentages of democratic proportionality within the Universities, in addition, in conclusion, the theoretical and practical contributions are highlighted, considering the importance of democratic construction within the universities that have the autonomy to govern themselves, and finally, the limitations are presented and future lines of research are suggested.Dado que la proporcionalidad mejora los niveles de la democracia, ya que garantiza la pluralidad de ideas y protección a los grupos sociales, el objetivo de esta investigación consistió en identificar cuáles son los porcentajes de proporcionalidad democrática al interior de las Universidades Públicas Autónomas en México, durante el ciclo escolar 2021-2022. Para lograr lo anterior y, con base en la literatura, se construyó un cuestionario que fue enviado mediante la Plataforma Nacional de Transparencia y Acceso a la Información Pública, y las respuestas se sometieron a un análisis estadístico descriptivo, la metodología empleada recabo, organizó y, dio un tratamiento a la información, aplicando la media estadística. Los resultados permiten describir la cantidad de alumnos que forman parte de las Universidades, el porcentaje de hombres y mujeres que conforman el personal administrativo y académico de la institución, los porcentajes de hombres y mujeres reportado con alguna discapacidad y los porcentajes del personal administrativo, académico y del alumnado que forman parte del Consejo Universitario, es decir, los porcentajes de proporcionalidad democrática al interior de las Universidades, además como conclusión, es importante resaltar dos elementos fundamentales; contribuciones teóricas y prácticas, atendiendo a la importancia de la construcción democrática dentro de las universidades que cuentan con autonomía para gobernarse, y por último, se presentan las limitaciones y se sugieren futuras líneas de investigación

Neurobiology of social attachments

Many types of social attachments can be observed in nature. We discuss the neurobiology of two types (1) intraspecific (with a partner) and (2) parental (with the offspring). Stimuli related to copulation facilitate the first, whereas pregnancy, parturition and lactation facilitate the second. Both types develop as consequence of cohabitation. These events seem to stimulate similar neural pathways that increase (1) social recognition, (2) motivation, reward; and (3) decrease fear/anxiety. Subregions of the amygdala and cortex facilitate social recognition and also disinhibition to decrease rejection responses. The interrelationship between MeA, BNST, LS may mediate the activation of NAcc via the mPOA to increase motivation and reward. Cortical areas such as the ACC discriminate between stimuli. The interaction between OT and D2-type receptors in NAcc shell facilitates intraspecific attachment, but D1-type appears to facilitate parental attachment. This difference may be important for maternal females to direct their attention, motivation and expression of attachment toward the appropriate target.Cuerpo Académico UV-CA-28 Neurociencias. Grant SEP-CONACYT (167773) to GACA

The cephalopod prey of the Weddell seal, Leptonychotes weddellii, a biological sampler of the Antarctic marine ecosystem

Weddell seals, Leptonychotes weddellii, are important apex predators in the food web of the Antarctic marine ecosystem. However, detailed information on their trophic relationships with cephalopods is scarce. Moreover, cephalopods play a key role in the marine environment, but knowledge of their feeding habits is limited by lack of data. Here, we have combined the use of this seal as a biological sampler together with measurements of the stable isotopic signature of the beaks of their cephalopod prey. Thus, the aims of the present study were: (1) to examine in detail the cephalopod portion of the diet of Weddell seals by means of scat analysis and (2) to assess the habitat use and trophic level of the different cephalopod prey taxa identified. From January to February 2009, a total of 48 faecal droppings were collected at Hope Bay, Antarctic Peninsula. Cephalopods were mainly represented by beaks (n = 83) which were identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level. Furthermore, subsamples of beaks were separated for further isotopic analysis. Relative abundance of stable isotopes of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) was determined by continuous-flow isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. Cephalopods were represented uniquely by octopods of the subfamily Eledoninae. Pareledone turqueti was the dominant prey species followed by the papillated Pareledone species group and Adelieledone polymorpha. We conclude that Weddell seals preyed primarily on benthic prey resources. Furthermore, the relatively similar δ13C and δ15N values in beaks of the three octopod prey taxa suggest that these share the same type of habitat and occupy similar trophic level positions

Unlipidated Outer Membrane Protein Omp16 (U-Omp16) from Brucella spp. as Nasal Adjuvant Induces a Th1 Immune Response and Modulates the Th2 Allergic Response to Cow's Milk Proteins

The discovery of novel mucosal adjuvants will help to develop new formulations to control infectious and allergic diseases. In this work we demonstrate that U-Omp16 from Brucella spp. delivered by the nasal route (i.n.) induced an inflammatory immune response in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung tissues. Nasal co-administration of U-Omp16 with the model antigen (Ag) ovalbumin (OVA) increased the amount of Ag in lung tissues and induced OVA-specific systemic IgG and T helper (Th) 1 immune responses. The usefulness of U-Omp16 was also assessed in a mouse model of food allergy. U-Omp16 i.n. administration during sensitization ameliorated the hypersensitivity responses of sensitized mice upon oral exposure to Cow's Milk Protein (CMP), decreased clinical signs, reduced anti-CMP IgE serum antibodies and modulated the Th2 response in favor of Th1 immunity. Thus, U-Omp16 could be used as a broad Th1 mucosal adjuvant for different Ag formulations.Laboratorio de Investigaciones del Sistema Inmun

Una propuesta para enseñar temas científicos en entornos tecnológicos

Las ventajas del uso de las TICs en la enseñanza de las ciencias nos brinda la posibilidad, entre otras cosas, de simular fenómenos naturales difíciles de observar en la realidad o de representar modelos de sistemas físicos inaccesibles. Esto exige el diseño y elaboración de nuevos materiales y maestros bien preparados en sus disciplinas y motivados para enfrentar la capacitación continua que exige la dinámica de la tecnología, dentro de políticas institucionales que favorezcan dicha capacitación. En este trabajo presentamos un paquete didáctico multimedia que promueve el uso de tecnologías educativas en el aula de química

Gene expression of growth factor BMP15, GDF9, FGF2 and their receptors in bovine follicular cells

Introduction. Growth and follicular maturation involve transformations of various components of the follicle, such as the oocyte, granulosa and techa cells. Several growth factors, including differentiation growth factor 9 (GDF9), bone morphogenic protein 15 (BMP15) and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) are important for follicular development and oocyte maturation, by its ability to increase the proliferation of granulosa, techa cells and the ovarian stroma. Objetive. Evaluate mRNA expression of GDF9, BMP15, FGF2 and their main receptors, transforming growth factor beta receptor 1 (TGFβ-R1), bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type IB (BMPR-IB) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) in bovine follicular cells. Materials and methods. Total RNA was isolated from pooled samples of oocytes (OOs), cumulus cells (CCs) of cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) and follicular cell pellets (PCs) of 70 ovaries obtained from 96 beef heifers, collected at a local abattoir. The expression pattern of growth factors and their receptors in follicular bovine cells was evaluated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results. The mRNA transcripts encoding GDF9, BMP15, FGF2, TGFβ-R1, BMPR-IB and FGFR2 genes were detected, by RT-PCR, in all studied cells. This is the first time that the expression of TGFβ-R1 and BMPR-IB receptors is reported in bovine oocytes. Conclusions. The presence of growth factors and receptor transcripts in the studied cells indicate that these factors could act as paracrine and autocrine regulators of folliculogenesis

New record of the Pampas cat of the Leopardus colocola group for the dry Chaco of Argentina

La distribución real del grupo Leopardus colocola en el Chaco argentino es poco conocida. Este registro surgió como parte de un monitoreo con trampas cámara de mamíferos nativos en el Chaco Seco argentino en áreas con distinta carga ganadera. La detección ocurrió en la provincia de Santiago del Estero (latitud -28,05277; longitud -64,29611), y es el segundo reporte en la provincia y uno de los pocos en la región. Este registro brinda información sobre la presencia de la especie en la zona y la posibilidad de encontrarse en áreas similares del Chaco Seco, aportando al conocimiento de su distribución y tipo de hábitat.New record of the Pampas cat of the Leopardus colocola group for the dry Chaco of Argentina. The actual distribution of members of the Leopardus colocola complex in the Argentine Chaco is poorly known. This record was part of a monitoring study with camera traps of native mammals in the Argentine Dry Chaco, in areas with different livestock densities. The detection occurred in the province of Santiago del Estero (latitude-28.05277; longitude-64.29611), it is the second report in the province and one of the few in the region. This record provides information on the presence of the species in the area and the possibility of being found in similar areas of the Dry Chaco, contributing to the knowledge of its distribution and type of habitat.Fil: Gattino, Laura G.. Universidad Católica de Salta; ArgentinaFil: Gómez, Carlos Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Católica de Salta; ArgentinaFil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Patagonia Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; ArgentinaFil: Coria, Rubén Darío. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Tucuman-santiago del Estero. Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Santiago del Estero. Agencia de Extension Rural Santiago del Estero.; ArgentinaFil: Ledesma, Roxana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Tucuman-santiago del Estero. Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Santiago del Estero. Agencia de Extension Rural Santiago del Estero.; ArgentinaFil: Núñez Regueiro, Mauricio Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Museo de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; Argentin

Discovery of new colonies by Sentinel2 reveals good and bad news for emperor

The distribution of emperor penguins is circumpolar, with 54 colony locations currently reported of which 50 are currently extant as of 2019. Here we report on eight newly discovered colonies and confirm the rediscovery of three breeding sites, only previously reported in the era before Very High Resolution satellite imagery was available, making a total of 61 breeding locations. This represents an increase of ~20% in the number of breeding sites, but, as most of the colonies appear to be small, they may only increase the total population by around 5–10%. The discoveries have been facilitated by the use of Sentinel2 satellite imagery, which has a higher resolution and more efficient search mechanism than the Landsat data previously used to search for colonies. The small size of these new colonies indicates that considerations of reproductive output in relation to metabolic rate during huddling is likely to be of interest. Some of the colonies exist in offshore habitats, something not previously reported for emperor penguins. Comparison with recent modelling results show that the geographic locations of all the newly found colonies are in areas likely to be highly vulnerable under business‐as‐usual greenhouse gas emissions scenarios, suggesting that population decreases for the species will be greater than previously thought