Landau-Zener quantum tunneling in disordered nanomagnets

We study Landau-Zener macroscopic quantum transitions in ferromagnetic metal nanoparticles containing on the order of 100 atoms. The model that we consider is described by an effective giant-spin Hamiltonian, with a coupling to a random transverse magnetic field mimicking the effect of quasiparticle excitations and structural disorder on the gap structure of the spin collective modes. We find different types of time evolutions depending on the interplay between the disorder in the transverse field and the initial conditions of the system. In the absence of disorder, if the system starts from a low-energy state, there is one main coherent quantum tunneling event where the initial-state amplitude is completely depleted in favor of a few discrete states, with nearby spin quantum numbers; when starting from the highest excited state, we observe complete inversion of the magnetization through a peculiar ``backward cascade evolution''. In the random case, the disorder-averaged transition probability for a low-energy initial state becomes a smooth distribution, which is nevertheless still sharply peaked around one of the transitions present in the disorder-free case. On the other hand, the coherent backward cascade phenomenon turns into a damped cascade with frustrated magnetic inversion.Comment: 21 pages, 7 figures, to be published in Phys.Rev.

Régionalisation des modules annuels et des régimes d'étiage du bassin hydrographique de la Moselle française : lien entre modèles régionaux

Les modélisations régionales proposées sur les modules annuels et les débits moyens d'étiage des sous-bassins de la Moselle française devraient contribuer à l'amélioration des connaissances sur le fonctionnement physique actuel des hydrosystèmes. Elles s'inscrivent dans le contexte des directives de la loi Pêche et de la loi sur l'Eau et plus récemment de la Directive Cadre Européenne. Quarante neuf sous-bassins répartis en trois jeux ont permis de caler et valider un modèle régional des modules annuels et un modèle régional d'étiage. Dans le cas du bassin hydrographique de la Moselle française une certaine dépendance existe entre modèles régionaux dont la loi statistique choisie est la loi de Weibull à 2 paramètres. Une pseudo-dépendance est observée entre la loi régionale des modules annuels et la loi régionale des débits moyens d'étiage pour les années moyennes à sèches. Cette propriété va permettre en particulier l'usage d'une procédure simplifiée commune, établie à partir de la connaissance de jaugeages épisodiques d'étiage, pour l'estimation des descripteurs de débit d'un sous-bassin non observé : le module médian /qa et le débit quotidien minimal médian /vcnd=1. Pour le modèle régional d'étiage un deuxième descripteur local est nécessaire. Il s'agit d'un temps caractéristique d'étiage du sous-bassin ∆e (j) permettant de généraliser le modèle à toute durée d. Le concept débit-durée-fréquence QdF appliqué aux étiages exploite la convergence observée des distributions de différentes durées d et est indépendant de la loi fréquentielle choisie. Le caractère opérationnel de ces modélisations régionales dépend essentiellement de la précision d'estimation des descripteurs de débit du sous-bassin étudié /qa, pour les modules annuels et /vcnd=1 pour les étiages. Ces descripteurs de débit ont été estimés selon deux approches : l'approche classique par régression multiple et selon une approche simple de recherche d'un coefficient de tendance k entre jaugeages épisodiques d'étiage concomitants au sous-bassin étudié (pas ou peu d'observations) et au sous-bassin de référence (chronique de débit continue). Pour cela, un choix de cinq jaugeages d'étiage par an sur les douze dernières années en moyenne a été fait. Le descripteur de débit du sous-bassin étudié est ensuite déduit du produit de k par le descripteur de débit du sous-bassin de référence. Pour /vcnd=1, sb. étudié nous observons dans la majorité des cas une nette amélioration de l'estimation obtenue par régression, notamment une forte réduction des écarts les plus importants. Une similitude des classes de superficie entre sous-bassin étudié et sous-bassin de référence n'est pas exigée. La proximité géographique des sous-bassins semble donner de meilleurs résultats. En ce qui concerne le module médian /qasb. étudié, son estimation par régression multiple est assez performante. Parallèlement à cela, le coefficient k de tendance permet, de même que pour, une estimation cohérente de /qasb. étudié. Ce résultat un peu inattendu laisse supposer que la pseudo-dépendance observée entre modèles régionaux a bien une réalité physique. Nous avons insisté sur cette démarche "de régionalisation" nécessitant un faible investissement en mesures de débit des sous-bassins non observés par rapport au réseau national de suivi hydrométrique. Elle se présente à notre avis comme une alternative (ou complémentarité) intéressante aux méthodes de régionalisation à bases géostatistiques : telles que l'identification du voisinage hydrologique homogène du sous-bassin étudié ou encore la prise en compte de l'effet structurant du réseau hydrographique dans la cartographie du descripteur de débit. L'ensemble des connaissances relative à cette recherche est repris dans un Système d'Information Géographique pour répondre éventuellement à la demande.Regional modelling of the annual mean discharge and average low-flow discharge of the French Moselle sub-basins should improve our knowledge of its hydrosystem functioning. These models are part of the directives of the Water Act and Fishery Act and more recently of the European Framework Directive. Forty-nine sub-basins divided into three groups were used to calibrate and validate a regional model of the annual mean discharge and a regional model of low-flow discharge.A two-parameter Weibull distribution was used to represent the regional models of the Moselle catchment. Results show a relative dependence between the regional models. A pseudo-dependence was observed between the regional annual mean discharge model and the regional average low-flow discharge model for the average years to the dry ones. This property allowed us to use a common simplified procedure, established from the low-flow episodic discharge measurements, to estimate the flow descriptors of an ungauged sub-basin, namely the median annual mean discharge /qa and the median minimal daily low-flow discharge /vcnd=1. For the low-flow regional model a second local descriptor was necessary, the characteristic time of low-flow discharges of the sub-basin ∆e (j), which allowed us to generalize the model for every duration (d). The QdF flow-duration-frequency concept, applied to the low-flow discharge, is independent of the selected frequency law and uses the observed convergence of the distributions of various durations (d). The operational character of these regional models depends strongly on the accuracy of the estimation of the flow descriptors of the studied sub-basin (/qa for the annual mean discharges and /vcnd=1 for the low-flow discharges). These flow descriptors were estimated according to two approaches: a traditional approach based on multiple regression and a simple approach based on a trend coefficient (k) calculated between low-flow episodic discharge measurements that are concomitant between the studied sub-basin (no or few observations) and the reference sub-basin (time series of continuous discharges). A choice of five low flow discharge measurements per year over the last twelve years (on average) was made. Knowing the flow descriptor of the reference sub-basin, the flow descriptor of the studied sub-basin was then deduced from the trend coefficient k. For /vcnd=1, sb. étudié we observe in the majority of cases a significant improvement of the estimation obtained by regression, especially a net reduction of the most important variations. A similarity of the surface classes between the studied sub-basin and the reference sub-basin is not required. Geographical proximity of the sub-basins seems to provide better results. The estimation of the median annual mean discharges /qasb. étudié using multiple regression was rather impressive. In addition, the trend coefficient k established for the low-flow discharges allowed a coherent estimation of /vcnd=1, sb. étudié and /qasb. étudié. This quite unexpected result suggests that the observed pseudo-dependence between regional models has a physical reality.The "regionalization" technique detailed herein does not require a significant investment in flow measurements of the ungauged sub-basin compared to the national hydrometric network. It is an interesting (or complementary) alternative to the regionalization approach based on geostatistical methods that, for instance, identify the homogeneous hydrological vicinity of each sub-basin or take into account the structuring effect of the hydrographic network in the cartography of the flow descriptor

Electron-magnon coupling and nonlinear tunneling transport in magnetic nanoparticles

We present a theory of single-electron tunneling transport through a ferromagnetic nanoparticle in which particle-hole excitations are coupled to spin collective modes. The model employed to describe the interaction between quasiparticles and collective excitations captures the salient features of a recent microscopic study. Our analysis of nonlinear quantum transport in the regime of weak coupling to the external electrodes is based on a rate-equation formalism for the nonequilibrium occupation probability of the nanoparticle many-body states. For strong electron-boson coupling, we find that the tunneling conductance as a function of bias voltage is characterized by a large and dense set of resonances. Their magnetic field dependence in the large-field regime is linear, with slopes of the same sign. Both features are in agreement with recent tunneling experiments.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Theory of Tunneling Spectroscopy in a Mn12_{12} Single-Electron Transistor by Density-Functional Theory Methods

We consider tunneling transport through a Mn$_{12}$ molecular magnet using spin density functional theory. A tractable methodology for constructing many-body wavefunctions from Kohn-Sham orbitals allows for the determination of spin-dependent matrix elements for use in transport calculations. The tunneling conductance at finite bias is characterized by peaks representing transitions between spin multiplets, separated by an energy on the order of the magnetic anisotropy. The energy splitting of the spin multiplets and the spatial part of their many-body wave functions, describing the orbital degrees of freedom of the excess charge, strongly affect the electronic transport, and can lead to negative differential conductance.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, a revised version with minor change

Crescere a Pinerolo: stili di vita, benessere e futuro dei ragazzi

Come vivono i ragazzi? Cosa fanno, cosa pensano, come si relazionano in famiglia e con gli amici? Come aiutarli a crescere bene? Lo studio «Crescere a Pinerolo» si rivolge a 800 ragazzi, dai 12 fino ai 20 anni, che ci raccontano la loro vita, i loro problemi e difficoltà, ma anche le loro potenzialità. I risultati offrono un quadro positivo degli adolescenti: il dialogo con i genitori favorisce le relazioni in famiglia e complessivamente si sentono supportati e protetti, la scuola piace abbastanza e viene compresa l’importanza dell’istruzione. Tra gli aspetti critici che emergono vi sono: la solitudine nell’era digitale, il bullismo verbale e relazionale, l’incertezza del futuro.Fil: Vignola Barbero, G.. Fondazione Emanuela Zancan; ItaliaFil: Canali, Cinzia. Fondazione Emanuela Zancan; ItaliaFil: Eynard, Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad; ArgentinaFil: Vecchiato, Tiziano. Fondazione Emanuela Zancan; Itali

Randomized Load Balancing under Loosely Correlated State Information in Fog Computing

Fog computing infrastructures must support increasingly complex applications where a large number of sensors send data to intermediate fog nodes for processing. As the load in such applications (as in the case of a smart cities scenario) is subject to significant fluctuations both over time and space, load balancing is a fundamental task. In this paper we study a fully distributed algorithm for load balancing based on random probing of the neighbors' status. A qualifying point of our study is considering the impact of delay during the probe phase and analyzing the impact of stale load information. We propose a theoretical model for the loss of correlation between actual load on a node and stale information arriving to the neighbors. Furthermore, we analyze through simulation the performance of the proposed algorithm considering a wide set of parameters and comparing it with an approach from the literature based on random walks. Our analysis points out under which conditions the proposed algorithm can outperform the alternatives

Optimal Placement of Micro-services Chains in a Fog Infrastructure

Fog computing emerged as a novel approach to deliver micro-services that support innovative applications. This paradigm is consistent with the modern approach to application development, that leverages the composition of small micro-services that can be combined to create value-added applications. These applications typically require the access from distributed data sources, such as sensors located in multiple geographic locations or mobile users. In such scenarios, the traditional cloud approach is not suitable because latency constraints may not be compatible with having time-critical computations occurring on a far away data-center; furthermore, the amount of data to exchange may cause high costs imposed by the cloud pricing model. A layer of fog nodes close to application consumers can host pre-processing and data aggregation tasks that can reduce the response time of latency-sensitive elaboration as well as the traffic to the cloud data-centers. However, the problem of smartly placing micro-services over fog nodes that can fulfill Service Level Agreements is far more complex than in the more controlled scenario of cloud computing, due to the heterogeneity of fog infrastructures in terms of performance of both the computing nodes and inter-node connectivity. In this paper, we tackle such problem proposing a mathematical model for the performance of complex applications deployed on a fog infrastructure. We adapt the proposed model to be used in a genetic algorithm to achieve optimized deployment decisions about the placement of micro-services chains. Our experiments prove the viability of our proposal with respect to meeting the SLA requirements in a wide set of operating conditions

Where is the spectral weight in magnetic neutron scattering in the cuprates?

We present estimates in the Hubbard and Heisenberg models for the spectral weight in magnetic neutron scattering experiments on the cuprates. With the aid of spin-wave theory and the time dependent Gutzwiller approximation we discuss how the spectral weight is distributed among the different channels and between high and low energies. In addition to the well known total moment sum rule we discuss sum rules for each component of the dynamical structure factor tensor which are peculiar for spin 1/2 systems. The various factors that reduce the spectral weight at the relevant energies are singled out and analyzed like: shielding factors, weight at electronic energies, multimagnon process etc. Although about 10% ~ 15% of the naively expected weight is detected in experiments after consideration of these factors the missing weight is within the experimental uncertainties. A large fraction of the spectral weight is hard to detect with present experimental conditions.Comment: 16 pages, 13 figures, submitted to PR

The different effects of linseed and fish oil supplemented diets on insulin sensitivity of rabbit does during pregnancy

This study investigates the effects of linseed (rich in ɑ-linolenic acid (ALA)) and fish oil (rich in eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) supplementation on the insulin resistance of pregnant rabbits. Two months before insemination, the rabbits (15 animals/group) were fed different diets: commercial standard (group C), supplemented with 10% extruded linseed (group L), and 3% fish oil (group FO). The L group does showed both the highest feed intake before AI (P < 0.01) and the highest body weight (BW) throughout pregnancy (P < 0.001). The L does yielded less milk than the C does (P < 0.001); however, no differences were observed in either weight or size of litter at weaning. Regardless of diet, insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR values were higher during the first half of pregnancy (P < 0.001). Nevertheless, the L does showed higher mean insulin concentrations than FO rabbits (P < 0.01) and the lowest glucose clearance (P < 0.01) during pregnancy. On the other hand, pregnant FO rabbits showed the lowest glucose concentrations (P < 0.05) and the lowest Homeostasis model assessment values for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, P < 0.05) as well as a faster restoration of baseline glucose levels following glucose load (P < 0.001). Before and during pregnancy, the BW of the rabbits was positively related to fasting sample- and tolerance test-derived indices of insulin resistance (P < 0.05) suggesting that a high pre-pregnancy BW predisposes to gestational insulin resistance. Linseed supplementation increased BW and predisposed to insulin resistance during pregnancy; whereas, fish oil improved insulin sensitivity without significant changes in BW

Distribution of level curvatures for the Anderson model at the localization-delocalization transition

We compute the distribution function of single-level curvatures, $P(k)$, for a tight binding model with site disorder, on a cubic lattice. In metals $P(k)$ is very close to the predictions of the random-matrix theory (RMT). In insulators $P(k)$ has a logarithmically-normal form. At the Anderson localization-delocalization transition $P(k)$ fits very well the proposed novel distribution $P(k)\propto (1+k^{\mu})^{3/\mu}$ with $\mu \approx 1.58$, which approaches the RMT result for large $k$ and is non-analytical at small $k$. We ascribe such a non-analiticity to the spatial multifractality of the critical wave functions.Comment: 4 ReVTeX pages and 4(.epsi)figures included in one uuencoded packag