The comparison of bone mineral density in primary hyperparathyroidim, vitamin D induced secondary hyperparathyroidism, and patients with both condition: a single center experience

Background: To compare bone mineral densities via dual energy X-ray absorptiometry method (DXA) between various hyperparathyroidism (HPT) types such as primary, vitamin D induced secondary, and both conditions.Methods: Participants who were aged between 18-45 years and had elevated parathyroid hormone levels were included. After initial evaluations, patients were divided into 3 groups according to diagnoses: primary HPT (pHPT), vitamin D induced secondary HPT (sHPT), and combined (primary+secondary) one. In addition to the bone mineral density (BMD), demographic and laboratory datas were recorded.Results: Of 166 patients, 147 of the patients were female, 19 were male, and average age was 38.10±7.24 years. Significant difference was found in terms of age (p=0.03) between pHPT and sHPT. Blood calcium, PTH, 25-OH vitamin D, and daily urine calcium excretion levels were significantly higher and phosphorus levels were lower in the pHPT group compared to the sHPT and combined disease group. Both T and Z scores of the pHPT group were significantly lower than the sHPT group especially in the lumbar region. However, no significant difference was noted between pHPT and combined disease group with respect to T and Z scores in all regions.Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that pHPT has a significantly worse impact on skeletal mineral density particularly in the lumbar region than sHPT. The addition of vitamin D deficiency to the clinical picture seems to have no significant influence on BMD in pHPT. To confirm and clarify these findings, prospective studies with larger number of participants are needed

Neogene Uplift and Magmatism of Anatolia: Insights from Drainage Analysis and Basaltic Geochemistry

It is generally agreed that mantle dynamics have played a significant role in generating and maintaining the elevated topography of Anatolia during Neogene times. However, there is much debate about the relative importance of subduction zone and asthenospheric processes. Key issues concern onset and cause of regional uplift, thickness of the lithospheric plate, and the presence or absence of temperature and/or compositional anomalies within the convecting mantle. Here, we tackle these interlinked issues by analyzing and modeling two disparate suites of observations. First, a drainage inventory of 1,844 longitudinal river profiles is assembled. This geomorphic database is inverted to calculate the variation of Neogene regional uplift through time and space by minimizing the misfit between observed and calculated river profiles subject to independent calibration. Our results suggest that regional uplift commenced in the east at 20 Ma and propagated westward. Secondly, we have assembled a database of geochemical analyses of basaltic rocks. Two different approaches have been used to quantitatively model this database with a view to determining the depth and degree of asthenospheric melting across Anatolia. Our results suggest that melting occurs at depths as shallow as 60 km in the presence of mantle potential temperatures as high as 1400°C. There is evidence that potential temperatures are higher in the east, consistent with the pattern of sub-plate shear wave velocity anomalies. Our combined results are consistent with isostatic and admittance analyses and suggest that elevated asthenospheric temperatures beneath thinned Anatolian lithosphere have played a first order role in generating and maintaining regional dynamic topography and basaltic magmatism