Generalized Elastic Line Deformed on a Nonnull Surface by an External Field in the 3-Dimensional Semi-Euclidean Space E₁³

We deduce intrinsic equations for a generalized elastic line deformed on the nonnull surface by an external field in the semi-Euclidean space E₁³ and give some applications.Виведено природні рівняння для узагальненої пружної лінії, деформованої на ненульовій поверхні зовнішнім полем у тривимірному напівевклідовому просторі E₁³, та наведено деякі застосування

Adsorption of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) for Different Gas Concentrations, Temperatures and Relative Humidities by using Activated Carbon Filter: An Experimental Study

Noxious gases can be reduced through activated carbon; nevertheless, this process is very complex due to the changing parameters. Nitrogen dioxides take place in the so-called reactive gases. The nitrogen dioxide concentration existing in the environment can be harmful, in particular for asthmatics and it also has the potential to bring about other serious diseases. For instance, interior diseases are often caused by nitrogen oxide gases. Through this study, we have observed the nitrogen dioxide adsorption on the active carbon for varying air temperatures, gas concentrations and air relative humidities. In this context, it has been examined the effect of all three parameters. While conducting this project, we have used parameters between 1ppm and 30ppm (for NO2 concentration), 23°C and 33°C (for air temperature), 30% and 90% (for air relative humidity). In order to understand this process, breakthrough curves of NO2evaluated from experiments have been used in the present study. Results show that the humidity has not a remarkable effect on the adsorption of NO2; however, increasing relative humidity causes to a decrease in the capacity of the activated carbon for NO2 adsorption. Additionally, NO2 adsorption is exothermic, therefore it increases the air temperature

Effects of feed refreshing frequency on growth and carcass characteristics of Awassi lambs

Sixty, two-month old male Awassi lambs were used in this study to investigate the effects of feed refreshing (FR) frequencies on their growth and carcass characteristics over a period of 65 days. Treatments were: Feed refreshing at 2 h (FR2), 4 h (FR4), 8 h (FR8), 12 h (FR12) and 24 h (FR24) intervals. The lambs were fed individually. At the onset of each refreshing period the lambs were offered fresh feed ad libitum. Daily feed intakes, weekly live weights and carcass characteristics were recorded. Daily feed intakes per lamb per treatment were: 1.13 kg, 1.05 kg, 1.00 kg, 0.98 kg and 0.95 kg; daily gains were 193.6 g, 180.6 g, 148.6 g, 169.3 g and 146.4 g; feed conversion ratios (kg feed/kg gain) were 6.1, 6.7, 7.2, 7.2 and 7.5; hot carcass weights were 13.0 kg, 13.1 kg, 12.1 kg, 13.3 kg and 13.1 kg; dressing percentages were 42.3%, 42.4%, 39.9%, 40.2% and 41.2%; the proportion of muscle in the carcass was 52.0%, 55.2%, 55.6%, 55.8% and 54.8%; bone ratio was 20.4%, 20.3%, 21.9%, 21.1% and 20.9%; subcutaneous fat ratio was 16.9%, 14.2%, 12.9%, 12.7% and 14.0% and intramuscular fat ratio was 8.8%, 7.1%, 6.8%, 8.7% and 7.7% in FR2, FR4, FR8, FR12 and FR24 treatments, respectively. Results showed that frequent feed refreshing stimulated feed intake and daily gain without affecting carcass characteristics. Keywords: Lamb, feeding system, daily gain, body componentsSouth African Journal of Animal Science Vol. 37 (4) 2007: pp. 248-25

2,2-Bis(2-Formilfenoksi)-4,4,6,6-Bis(Spiro(2',2''-Dioxy-1',1''-Bifenilil))Siklotrifosfazenin Schiff bazı türevlerinin sentezi ve karakterizasyonu

Hekzaklorosiklotrifosfazen (1) ile 2,2'-bifenol argon atmosferinde reaksiyona sokularak 2,2'-dikloro-4,4,6,6-bis(spiro(2',2''-dioksi-1',1''-bifenilil))siklotrifosfazen (2) bileşiği elde edildi. 2 bileşiği 2-hidroksibenzaldehit ile K2CO3’lı ortamda etkileştirilerek 2,2-bis(2-formilfenoksi)-4,4,6,6-bis(spiro(2',2''-dioksi-1',1''-bifenilil))siklotrifosfazen (3) bileşiği elde edildi. Elde edilen 3 bileşiği aromatik primer aminlerle (Ar-NH2 veya Ar-CH2-NH2) etkileştirilerek Schiff Bazı taşıyan siklotrifosfazen bileşikleri (4-11) elde edildi. 2,2-bis(2-formilfenoksi)-4,4,6,6-bis(spiro(2',2''-dioksi-1',1''-bifenilil))siklotrifosfazen (3) bileşiği sırasıyla 4-metoksibenzilamin, 2-klorobenzilamin, 4-klorobenzilamin, R-(+)-1-(2-naftil)etilamin, 2-hidrosifenilamin, 4-hidrosifenilamin, 4-nitrilfenilamin, 2-fenilfenilamin, 2-amino-4-klorofenol ve 2-aminopirimidin-kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen ürünlerin yapıları FT-IR, (1H, 13C, 31P) NMR ve elementel analiz ile aydınlatıldı.In this study, hexachlorocylotriphosphazene (1) was reacted with biphenyl-2,2'-diol. From this reaction, 2,2-dichloro-4,4,6,6-bis(spiro(2',2''-dioxy-1',1''-bifenilyl))cyclotriphosphazene (2) was obtained. Since hexachlorocylotriphosphazene is sensitive to air and moisture, experimental studies were carried out at without air and moisture in argon atmosphere. 2,2-bis(2-formilphenoxy)-4,4,6,6-bis(spiro(2',2''-dioxy-1',1''-bifenilyl))cyclotriphosphazene (3) was synthesized from the reaction of (2) with 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde Schiff Base containing compounds (4-13) were synthesized by the reaction of 2,2-bis(2-formilphenoxy)-4,4,6,6-bis(spiro(2',2''-dioxy-1',1''-bifenilyl))cyclotriphosphazene (3) with 4-methoxy benzylamine, 2-chloro-benzylamine, 4-chlorobenzylamine, 2-naphthylethylamine, 2-hydroxyphenylamine, 4-hydroxyphenylamine, 4-nitrilephenylamine, 2-phenylphenylamine, 2-hydroxy-4-chlorophenylamine and 2-aminopyrimidine respectively. The structures of the compounds were characterized by FT-IR, (1H, 13C and 31P) NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis

A golden ratio for foramen magnum: an anatomical pilot study

Background: The foramen magnum (FM) is an important landmark because of its close relationship to key structures such as the brainstem and spinal cord, an extension of the medulla oblongata. Because of the similarity in their shape, the existence of a relationship between cranial length and anteroposterior diameter of the FM, and between cranial width and transverse diameter of the FM may reveal the magnificent harmony of the skull and FM. Based on this idea, we investigated the existence of this harmony in skulls that we used in our study. Materials and methods: In this study, 60 adult dry skulls belonging to the Turkish population were examined. The anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the foramen magnum and the length and width of the skull were measured. Measurements were made directly on the skull using a digital sliding caliper. New indices and ratios were applied with those measurements. Results: Our study suggests that FM width and FM length could be estimated by using the cranial length and cranial width measurements in the skull by accepting the mean of these coefficients (4.62) as the golden ratio. The average of the coefficients of cranial width to FM width ratio [4.62 ± 0.35 (95% CI: 4.52-4.70)] and the average of the coefficients of cranial length to the FM length ratio [4.62 ± 0.50 (95% CI): 4.49-4.76)] were found to be equal to each other. In order to check the accuracy of this hypothesis, FM width and FM lengths were estimated with the help of new equations. Conclusions: In the present study, the ratio between the anteroposterior and transverse diameters of both FM and the cranium was estimated at 4.62, indicating a magnificent harmony between cranial and subcranial structures. With this ratio, it is easy to estimate FM's size based on simple cranial measurements

Exergetic performance and comparative assessment of bottoming power cycles operating with carbon dioxide–based binary mixture as working fluid

This paper presents CO2-toluene (CO2-C7H8) binary mixture as working fluid to enhance the energetic and exergetic performance of CO2 bottoming power cycles in warm ambient conditions. A criterion for selection of CO2-based binary mixture is defined, and 0.9 CO2/0.1 C7H8 composition is decided based on the required minimum cycle temperature compatible with ambient conditions. Bottoming simple regenerative cycle (BSRC) and bottoming preheating cycle (BPHC) configurations are selected, and their realistic operating conditions are determined based on sensitivity analysis. The performance of bottoming cycles using CO2-C7H8 binary mixture is compared with the bottoming cycles using pure CO2 as working fluid at different ambient temperatures. It is observed that the cycles operating with pure CO2 can only perform better at lower ambient temperature conditions, whereas, at the increased ambient temperatures, bottoming cycles with CO2-C7H8 binary mixture outperform and produce significant gains in exergetic and energetic performance compared with pure CO2 bottoming cycles. A maximum gain of exergetic efficiency for BSRC and BPHC observed is 26.83% and 18.71%, respectively, at an operating ambient temperature of 313 K, whereas an overall gain in energetic efficiencies for BSRC and BPHC observed is 28.92% and 10.12%, respectively. Taking into consideration thermodynamic performance, overall UA (product of overall heat transfer coefficient and heat transfer area for the heat exchanger) and specific investment cost, BPHC configuration is suggested as reasonable choice for higher ambient temperature conditions

Extensive preclinical validation of combined RMC-4550 and LY3214996 supports clinical investigation for KRAS mutant pancreatic cancer

Over 90% of pancreatic cancers present mutations in KRAS, one of the most common oncogenic drivers overall. Currently, most KRAS mutant isoforms cannot be targeted directly. Moreover, targeting single RAS downstream effectors induces adaptive resistance mechanisms. We report here on the combined inhibition of SHP2, upstream of KRAS, using the allosteric inhibitor RMC-4550 and of ERK, downstream of KRAS, using LY3214996. This combination shows synergistic anti-cancer activity in vitro, superior disruption of the MAPK pathway, and increased apoptosis induction compared with single-agent treatments. In vivo, we demonstrate good tolerability and efficacy of the combination, with significant tumor regression in multiple pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) mouse models. Finally, we show evidence that 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) can be used to assess early drug responses in animal models. Based on these results, we will investigate this drug combination in the SHP2 and ERK inhibition in pancreatic cancer (SHERPA; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04916236) clinical trial, enrolling patients with KRAS-mutant PDAC.This work was funded by the American Association for Cancer Research, Lustgarten Foundation, and Stand Up to Cancer as a Pancreatic Cancer Collective New Therapies Challenge grant (grant no. SU2C-AACR-PCC-01-18)

Design and fabrication of dioxyphenylcoumarin substituted cyclotriphosphazene compounds photodiodes

The present study introduces cyclotriphosphazene compounds substituted by dioxyphenylcoumarin as a photodiode application. Firstly, 7,8-dihydroxy-3-(3-methylphenyl)coumarin (1b) has been obtained by conventional as well as microwave assisted methods. Novel optoelectronic device characteristics for both mono and disubstituted dioxyphenylcoumarin bearing cyclotriphosphazene compounds (HCP-2 and HCP-4) have been synthesized from the reactions of cyclotriphosphazene containing dioxybiphenyl (HCP-1 and HCP-3) with compound 1b, respectively. The structures of compounds HCP 1–4 were identified by using elemental analysis, 1H, 13C-APT, 31P NMR and 2D HETCOR NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy methods. The Al/HCP-2/p-Si/Al and Al/HCP-4/-p-Si/Al photodiodes properties have been investigated from current-voltage (I−V) and capacitance-voltage (C−V) measurements. The electrical parameters of the prepared diodes such as ideality factor n and series resistance Rs were investigated in dark and at room temperature from (I−V) curve and Nord's method. As can be seen, the Al/HCP-2/p-Si/Al diode of high rectification ratio RR and with ideality factor greater than unity. The influence of light illuminations on the diode shows that the device can be used as photodiode with good efficiency. The barrier height ϕb and series resistance Rs have been calculated from the capacitance-voltage (C−V)and conductance-voltage (G−V) measurements under various applied frequencies from 10 kHz to 1 MHz. the high difference in the results of barrier height obtained from I-V and C-V calculations confirm the influence of series resistance and localized states on transport of charge carriers and the photodiode performance.TUBITAK-110T652 Fırat University, FÜBAP-FF.161