A nanostructured Cu(II) coordination polymer based on alanine as a trifunctional mimic enzyme and efficient composite in the detection of Sphingobacteria

This research raises the potential use of coordination polymers as new useful materials in two essential research fields, allowing the obtaining of a new multiartificial enzyme with the capacity to inhibit the growth of bacteria resistance. The fine selection of the ligands allows the design of a new 2D coordination polymer (CP), with the formula [Cu2(IBA)2(OH2)4]n·6nH2O, by the combination of Cu (II) as the metal center with a pseudoamino acid (H2IBA = isophthaloyl bis β-alanine). Quantitative total X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) analyses show that the obtained CP can gradually release Cu (II) ions. Additionally, this CP can be nanoprocessed and transformed into a metal-organic gel (MOG) by using different Cu (II) salt concentrations and the application of ultrasounds. Considering its nanometric dimensions, the slow Cu (II) release and its simple processability, its performance as an artificial enzyme, and its antibacterial ability were explored. The results obtained show the first nanocoordination polymer acting as an artificial multienzyme (peroxidase, catalase, and superoxodismutase) exhibiting antibacterial activity in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, with selective behavior for three bacterium strains (S. spiritovirum, A. faecales, and B. cereus). Indeed, this CP shows a more robust inhibition capacity for Sphingobacterium. Going beyond that, as there are no comfortable and practically clinical tests capable of detecting the presence of Sphingobacteria, the compound can be easily embedded to form moldable gelatin that will facilitate the handling and low-cost commercial kit

Nursing students’ stressors and anxiety in their first clinical practice

Nursery practices are crucial for the subsequent professional development of the nurse, but because of her contact with suffering, death and in general the human aspects of health care, mean a stressful moment for nursing students.Objectives: know the levels of anxiety and condition, as well to determine the stressors that have influence in such anxiety in the students of Nursing Schools of the University of Castilla la ManchaMethodology: A observational, longitudinal and prospective study. The Stai-R and Stai-E questionnaires will be used to know the anxiety trait and state and the Kezkak questionnaire, validated by Zupiria, will be used to know the most frequent stressors that appear in the population subject of this survey.The population is limited to the students registered for the Introductory Practicum subject, that mean the first practices and therefore the student’s first contact with the reality of the nursery care.The analysis of information will be realized by statistical package SPSS V15.0

Rational design of copper(II)-uracil nanoprocessed coordination polymers to improve their cytotoxic activity in biological media

This work is focused on the rational structural design of two isostructural Cu(II) nano-coordination polymers (NCPs) with uracil-1-acetic acid (UAcOH) (CP1n) and 5-fluorouracil-1-acetic acid (CP2n). Suitable single crystals for ꭕ-ray diffraction studies of CP1 and CP2 were prepared under hydrothermal conditions, enabling their structural determination as 1D-CP ladder-like polymeric structures. The control of the synthetic parameters allows their processability into water colloids based on nanoplates (CP1n and CP2n). These NCPs are stable in water at physiological pHs for long periods. However, interestingly, CP1n is chemically altered in culture media. These transformations provoke the partial release of its building blocks and the formation of new species, such as [Cu(UAcO)2(H2O)4]·2H2O (Cu(II)-complex), and species corresponding to the partial reduction of the Cu(II) centers. The cytotoxic studies of CP1n versus human pancreatic adenocarcinoma and human uveal melanoma cells show that CP1n produces a decrease in the cell viability, while their UAcOH and Cu(II)-complex are not cytotoxic under similar conditions. The copper reduction species detected in the hydrolysis of CP1n are closely related to the formation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) detected in the cytotoxic studies. These results prompted us to prepare CP2n that was designed to improve the cytotoxicity by the substitution of UAcO by 5-FUAcO, taking into account the anticancer activity of the 5-fluorouracil moiety. The new CP2n has a similar behavior to CP1n both in water and in biological media. However, its subtle structural differences are vital in improving its cytotoxic activity. Indeed, the release during the hydrolysis of species containing the 5-fluorouracil moiety provokes a remarkable increase in cellular toxicity and a significant increase in ROS species formationThe authors thank the financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (PID2019- 108028GB-C22, PID2019-108028GB-C21, MAT2016-77608- C3-1-P, MAT2016-75883-C2-1-P, MAT2016-75883-C2-2-P, MAT2016-75586-C4-4-P, and CTQ2017-87201-PAEI/ FEDER, UE) and the Generalidad Valenciana (Prometeo/ 2019/076

Supuestos de suspensión del plazo para resolver

Resumen del libro: Los autores de esta obra hemos querido tratar uno de los asuntos más complejos del Derecho Administrativo desde un punto de vista sistemático y práctico que ofrezca una utilidad inmediata a los operadores jurídicos. Para este estudio hemos abordado la inactividad y el silencio de la Administración desde sus orígenes hasta la situación normativa actual, considerando la última jurisprudencia y con especial atención a los aspectos procedimentales administrativos y contenciosos. El ordenamiento jurídico otorga a los poderes públicos unas potestades para intervenir en la sociedad en virtud de unos principios constitucionales como los de legalidad y eficacia. La ausencia de actuación positiva puede derivar en una inactividad que puede calificarse de indeseable si supone dejación de competencias, funciones o incumplimiento de obligaciones legales formales o materiales. La inactividad que analizamos en esta obra es aquella que puede desplegar algún efecto jurídico por suponer una ausencia de actividad junto con una obligación de actuar. En este marco el silencio administrativo es su máximo exponente, como un tipo de inactividad consistente en la falta de respuesta por parte de la Administración en plazo. Para el mejor análisis hemos iniciado la obra con una introducción que permite pasar a la definición de diferentes conceptos relevantes para comprender los efectos jurídicos de la inactividad como la obligación de resolver, la caducidad y la prescripción, así como el silencio positivo y negativo. A continuación tratamos el procedimiento administrativo, destacando aspectos como los plazos para resolver y recurrir, la suspensión de los mismos, la posibilidad de ampliación y el cómputo. La revisión de los actos producidos por silencio y la caducidad de los procedimientos y las medidas cautelares en el marco del silencio e inactividad son otros aspectos relevantes del procedimiento administrativo que se analizan en la obra. Hemos querido dar un tratamiento diferenciado a algunos supuestos especiales de silencio o inactividad como: la responsabilidad patrimonial y procedimientos sancionadores como especialidades del procedimiento general, la expropiación forzosa, el acceso a la información pública, el silencio en las reclamaciones previas a la vía judicial social o civil, en materia de gestión de personal, de urbanismo y licencias administrativas, en los procedimientos tributarios o en los aspectos sobre subvenciones. Finalmente, buscando la utilidad práctica de la obra se dedica una parte del libro a las reclamaciones en vía jurisdiccional por el silencio o inactividad, analizando aspectos como el objeto del recurso, la impugnación de la inactividad material, los plazos procesales para recurrir y el siempre interesante tema de la impugnación por falta de reglamentación o la ejecución de sentencias condenatorias por inactividad o silencio. Para remarcar el carácter práctico de la obra se han realizado una serie de modelos administrativos y formularios de utilidad, que se han incluido en cada uno de los apartados en los que podían resultar útiles para los operadores jurídicos ya desde el prisma del interesado ya desde el del gestor de la Administración.2021-2

La revisión en los actos por silencio administrativo positivo

Resumen del libro: Los autores de esta obra hemos querido tratar uno de los asuntos más complejos del Derecho Administrativo desde un punto de vista sistemático y práctico que ofrezca una utilidad inmediata a los operadores jurídicos. Para este estudio hemos abordado la inactividad y el silencio de la Administración desde sus orígenes hasta la situación normativa actual, considerando la última jurisprudencia y con especial atención a los aspectos procedimentales administrativos y contenciosos. El ordenamiento jurídico otorga a los poderes públicos unas potestades para intervenir en la sociedad en virtud de unos principios constitucionales como los de legalidad y eficacia. La ausencia de actuación positiva puede derivar en una inactividad que puede calificarse de indeseable si supone dejación de competencias, funciones o incumplimiento de obligaciones legales formales o materiales. La inactividad que analizamos en esta obra es aquella que puede desplegar algún efecto jurídico por suponer una ausencia de actividad junto con una obligación de actuar. En este marco el silencio administrativo es su máximo exponente, como un tipo de inactividad consistente en la falta de respuesta por parte de la Administración en plazo. Para el mejor análisis hemos iniciado la obra con una introducción que permite pasar a la definición de diferentes conceptos relevantes para comprender los efectos jurídicos de la inactividad como la obligación de resolver, la caducidad y la prescripción, así como el silencio positivo y negativo. A continuación tratamos el procedimiento administrativo, destacando aspectos como los plazos para resolver y recurrir, la suspensión de los mismos, la posibilidad de ampliación y el cómputo. La revisión de los actos producidos por silencio y la caducidad de los procedimientos y las medidas cautelares en el marco del silencio e inactividad son otros aspectos relevantes del procedimiento administrativo que se analizan en la obra. Hemos querido dar un tratamiento diferenciado a algunos supuestos especiales de silencio o inactividad como: la responsabilidad patrimonial y procedimientos sancionadores como especialidades del procedimiento general, la expropiación forzosa, el acceso a la información pública, el silencio en las reclamaciones previas a la vía judicial social o civil, en materia de gestión de personal, de urbanismo y licencias administrativas, en los procedimientos tributarios o en los aspectos sobre subvenciones. Finalmente, buscando la utilidad práctica de la obra se dedica una parte del libro a las reclamaciones en vía jurisdiccional por el silencio o inactividad, analizando aspectos como el objeto del recurso, la impugnación de la inactividad material, los plazos procesales para recurrir y el siempre interesante tema de la impugnación por falta de reglamentación o la ejecución de sentencias condenatorias por inactividad o silencio. Para remarcar el carácter práctico de la obra se han realizado una serie de modelos administrativos y formularios de utilidad, que se han incluido en cada uno de los apartados en los que podían resultar útiles para los operadores jurídicos ya desde el prisma del interesado ya desde el del gestor de la Administración.2021-2

Comparison of oxidative stress markers in HIV-infected patients on efavirenz or atazanavir/ritonavir-based therapy

Introduction Chronic low‐grade inflammation and immune activation may persist in HIV patients despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). These abnormalities are associated with increased oxidative stress (OS). Bilirubin (BR) may have a beneficial role in counteracting OS. Atazanavir (ATV) inhibits UGT1A1, thus increasing unconjugated BR levels, a distinctive feature of this drug. We compared changes in OS markers in HIV patients on ATV/r versus efavirenz (EFV)‐based first‐line therapies. Materials and Methods Cohort of the Spanish Research Network (CoRIS) is a multicentre, open, prospective cohort of HIV‐infected patients naïve to ART at entry and linked to a biobank. We identified hepatitis C virus/hepatitis B virus (HCV/HBV) negative patients who started first‐line ART with either ATV/r or EFV, had a baseline biobank sample and a follow‐up sample after at least nine months of ART while maintaining initial regimen and being virologically suppressed. Lipoprotein‐associated Phospholipase A2 (Lp‐PLA2), Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and Oxidized LDL (OxLDL) were measured in paired samples. Marker values at one year were interpolated from available data. Multiple imputations using chained equations were used to deal with missing values. Change in the OS markers was modelled using multiple linear regressions adjusting for baseline marker values and baseline confounders. Correlations between continuous variables were explored using Pearson's correlation tests. Results 145 patients (97 EFV; 48 ATV/r) were studied. Mean (SD) baseline values for OS markers in EFV and ATV/r groups were: Lp‐PLA2 [142.2 (72.8) and 150.1 (92.8) ng/mL], MPO [74.3 (48.2) and 93.9 (64.3) µg/L] and OxLDL [76.3 (52.3) and 82.2 (54.4) µg/L]. After adjustment for baseline variables patients on ATV/r had a significant decrease in Lp‐PLA2 (estimated difference −16.3 [CI 95%: −31.4, −1.25; p=0.03]) and a significantly lower increase in OxLDL (estimated difference −21.8 [−38.0, −5.6; p<0.01] relative to those on EFV, whereas no differences in MPO were found. Adjusted changes in BR were significantly higher for the ATV/r group (estimated difference 1.33 [1.03, 1.52; p<0.01]). Changes in BR and changes in OS markers were significantly correlated. Conclusions In virologically suppressed patients on stable ART, OS was lower in ATV/r‐based regimens compared to EFV. We hypothesize these changes could be in part attributable to increased BR plasma levels

Comparison of oxidative stress markers in HIV-infected patients on efavirenz or atazanavir/ritonavir-based therapy

INTRODUCTION: Chronic low-grade inflammation and immune activation may persist in HIV patients despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). These abnormalities are associated with increased oxidative stress (OS). Bilirubin (BR) may have a beneficial role in counteracting OS. Atazanavir (ATV) inhibits UGT1A1, thus increasing unconjugated BR levels, a distinctive feature of this drug. We compared changes in OS markers in HIV patients on ATV/r versus efavirenz (EFV)-based first-line therapies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cohort of the Spanish Research Network (CoRIS) is a multicentre, open, prospective cohort of HIV-infected patients naïve to ART at entry and linked to a biobank. We identified hepatitis C virus/hepatitis B virus (HCV/HBV) negative patients who started first-line ART with either ATV/r or EFV, had a baseline biobank sample and a follow-up sample after at least nine months of ART while maintaining initial regimen and being virologically suppressed. Lipoprotein-associated Phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and Oxidized LDL (OxLDL) were measured in paired samples. Marker values at one year were interpolated from available data. Multiple imputations using chained equations were used to deal with missing values. Change in the OS markers was modelled using multiple linear regressions adjusting for baseline marker values and baseline confounders. Correlations between continuous variables were explored using Pearson's correlation tests. RESULTS: 145 patients (97 EFV; 48 ATV/r) were studied. Mean (SD) baseline values for OS markers in EFV and ATV/r groups were: Lp-PLA2 [142.2 (72.8) and 150.1 (92.8) ng/mL], MPO [74.3 (48.2) and 93.9 (64.3) µg/L] and OxLDL [76.3 (52.3) and 82.2 (54.4) µg/L]. After adjustment for baseline variables patients on ATV/r had a significant decrease in Lp-PLA2 (estimated difference -16.3 [CI 95%: -31.4, -1.25; p=0.03]) and a significantly lower increase in OxLDL (estimated difference -21.8 [-38.0, -5.6; p<0.01] relative to those on EFV, whereas no differences in MPO were found. Adjusted changes in BR were significantly higher for the ATV/r group (estimated difference 1.33 [1.03, 1.52; p<0.01]). Changes in BR and changes in OS markers were significantly correlated. CONCLUSIONS: In virologically suppressed patients on stable ART, OS was lower in ATV/r-based regimens compared to EFV. We hypothesize these changes could be in part attributable to increased BR plasma levels.S

Increased micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities in buccal mucosa and oxidative damage in saliva from patients with chronic and aggressive periodontal diseases

Background and objective Periodontal disease is a chronic bacterial infection characterized by connective tissue breakdown and alveolar bone destruction because of inflammatory and immune response caused by periodontopathogens and long-term release of reactive oxygen species. A high number of reactive oxygen species result in periodontal tissue damage through multiple mechanisms such as lipid peroxidation, protein denaturation and DNA damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate DNA and oxidative damage in subjects with chronic or aggressive periodontitis and healthy controls. Material and methods Buccal mucosa cells and whole saliva were collected from 160 subjects, who were divided into three groups: subjects with chronic periodontitis (CP) (n = 58), subjects with aggressive periodontitis (AgP) (n = 42) and a control group (n = 60). DNA damage was determined by counting micronuclei (MN) and nuclear abnormalities (NAs) in exfoliated cells, including binucleated cells, cells with nuclear buds and karyolitic, karyorrhectic, condensed chromatin and pyknotic cells. The degree of oxidative stress was determined by quantifying 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in whole saliva. Results Subjects with CP or AgP presented significantly more ( p < 0.05) MN and NAs and higher levels of 8-OHdG ( p < 0.05) compared with the control group. Conclusion Our results indicate that subjects with periodontitis (CP or AgP) exhibited an increase in the frequency of MN, NAs and 8-OHdG, which is directly related to DNA damage. In addition, a positive correlation exists between oxidative stress produced by periodontitis disease and MN

Immune Response in Gingival Disease: Role of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor

The term periodontal disease encompasses a wide variety of chronic inflammatory conditions of the periodontium, including gingivitis and periodontitis. The gingival disease is an infectious process, which occurs due to the progression of untreated gingivitis. It is characterized by a destructive inflammatory process that affects the supporting tissues of the teeth, which causes the loss of the dental organs. As a result of inflammation, a wide range of cytokines and inflammatory mediators together contribute to tissue degradation and bone resorption. However, some molecules that have not been studied in the inflammatory process of this disease, such as the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) which is considered an important cytokine of the innate immune system; it is expressed constitutively in immune and nonimmune cells, and it is released immediately against bacterial stimuli, hypoxia, and proliferative signals. MIF has been described in some chronic degenerative, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases. Previous studies have described that in murine models of periodontitis, MIF promotes the activation and differentiation of osteoclasts that could position this cytokine in the immunopathogenesis of gingival disease in humans