Infectómica y Vacunómica aplicada al estudio del Rotavirus

Muere un niño cada 50 seg como consecuencia de una infección por rotavirus. Hoy sabemos que la exposición repetida al virus de rotavirus, ya sea de forma natural, o a través de dosis sucesivas de vacuna, genera protección. Sin embargo, los mecanismos implicados son prácticamente desconocidos. La IgA sérica frente a rotavirus, constituye el mejor marcador conocido de protección frente a rotavirus, pero además de no ser una técnica de uso rutinario, no se correlaciona bien con la protección clínica. El objetivo de este proyecto de tesis es realizar un abordaje "wholeomics" (aplicación integrada de las diferentes ciencias "ómicas") a la evaluación de la respuesta frente a rotavirus, tanto por infección natural (inmunogenómica) como mediante vacunación (vacunómica), para entender la inmunidad de esta enfermedad e identificar nuevos biomarcadores de protección

Repercusión del ejercicio terapéutico en la mulculatura multífida en pacientes con dolor lumbar: una revisión bibliográfica

[Resumo] Introdución: A dor lumbar é un problema de saúde común, que provoca limitación nas actividades da vida diaria e ausencia no traballo, causando gastos económicos nos individuos. Na estabilidade e mobilidade desta rexión, xoga un papel primordial a musculatura multífida, polo que unha disfunción nestes músculos pode provocar a aparición ou a recorrencia dos problemas mecánicos de costas. Esta sintomatoloxía soe desaparecer en poucos días ou semanas coa aplicación dos tratamentos convencionais, nos que o exercicio terapéutico é a terapia con maior evidencia científica para a abordaxe deste tipo de pacientes. Obxectivo: Determinar a repercusión do exercicio terapéutico na musculatura multífida en pacientes con dor lumbar. Material e métodos: Realízase unha búsqueda nas bases de datos Cochrane Library, Pubmed, Scopus, SportDiscuss e PEDro, nos últimos 5 anos, os cales deben abordar a repercusión do exercicio terapéutico sobre os músculos multífidos en pacientes con dor lumbar. Esta revisión bibliográfica estuda as variables grosor da musculatura multífida, activación e fatiga muscular. Resultados: Analízanse un total de 13 estudos, 12 ensaios clínicos e 1 estudo piloto; observando diversos cambios na musculatura multífida en 12 deles: un aumento da área de sección transversal (CSA), un incremento da súa activación ou unha diminución da fatiga muscular. Conclusións: O exercicio terapéutico provoca un aumento no grosor e/ou na activación dos músculos multífidos, así como una diminución da fatiga muscular. O método máis empregado para avaliar esta musculatura é a ecografía, seguido da electromiografía (EMG) e por último da tomografía computorizada (TC). Os exercicios empregados con maior frecuencia e que obteñen mellores resultados, son os de estabilización lumbar.[Abstract] Background: The low back pain (LBP) is a problem of common health, which causes limitation in the activities of the daily life and absence in the work, causing economic costs to the individuals. In the stability and mobility of this region, it plays a paramount paper to muscles multifidus, by the that, a dysfunction in these muscles it can cause the apparition or the recurrence of the mechanical problems of the back. This symptomatology usually disappears in a few days or weeks, with the application of the conventional treatments, in which therapeutic exercise is the therapy with the greatest scientific evidence for the treatment of this type of patient. Objetive: To determinate the repercussion of the therapeutic exercise in the muscles multifidus in patients with LBP. Methods: A search is realized in the databases Cochrane Library, Pubmed, Scopus, SportDiscuss and PEDro, in the last 5 years, which must approach the repercussion of the therapeutic exercise on the muscles multifidus. This bibliographic review studies the variables thickness of the muscles multifidus and the muscular activation. Outcomes: Analyse a total 13 studies, 12 clinical essays and 1 pilot study; observing diverse changes in the muscles multifidus in 12 of them: an increase of the area of transversal section (CSA), an increase of this activation or a decrease of the muscular fatigue. Conclusions: The therapeutic exercise causes an increase in the thickness and in the activation of the muscles multifidus. The method most used to evaluate this musculature is the ulstrasound, followed by the electromiography (EMG) and finally of the computed tomography (TC). The exercises used with major frequency and they get better results, are those of lumbar stabilization.[Resumen] Introducción: El dolor lumbar es un problema de salud común, que provoca limitación en las actividades de la vida diaria y ausencia en el trabajo, causando gastos económicos en los individuos. En la estabilidad y la movilidad de esta región, juega un papel primordial la musculatura multífida, por lo que, una disfunción de estos músculos puede provocar la aparición o la recurrencia de los problemas mecánicos de espalda. Esta sintomatología suele desaparecer en pocos días o semanas, con la aplicación de los tratamientos convencionales, en los que, el ejercicio terapéutico es la terapia con más evidencia científica para el abordaje de este tipo de pacientes. Objetivos: Determinar la repercusión del ejercicio terapéutico en la musculatura multífida en pacientes con dolor lumbar. Material y métodos: Se realiza una búsqueda en las bases de datos Cochrane Library, Pubmed, Scopus, SportDiscuss y PEDro, en los últimos 5 años, los cuales deben abordar la repercusión del ejercicio terapéutico sobre los músculos multífidos. Esta revisión bibliográfica estudia las variables grosor de la musculatura multífida y la activación muscular. Resultados: Se analizan un total 13 estudios, 12 ensayos clínicos y 1 estudio piloto; observando diversos cambios en la musculatura multífida en 12 de ellos: un aumento del área de sección transversal (CSA), un incremento de su activación o una disminución de la fatiga muscular. Conclusiones: El ejercicio terapéutico provoca un aumento en el grosor y/o en la activación de los músculos multífidos. El método más empleado para evaluar esta musculatura es la ultrasonografía, seguido de la electromiografía (EMG) y por último de la tomografía computorizada (TC). Los ejercicios empleados con mayor frecuencia y que obtienen mejores resultados, son los de estabilización lumbar.Traballo fin de grao (UDC.FCS). Fisioterapia. Curso 2017/201

Characterization of Profiles as Management Strategies Based on the Importance and Valuation That Users Give to the Elements of the Golf Courses

The main objective of this study was to characterize golfers’ profiles based on the importance and valuation that users give to the elements of golf courses, considering the segmentation as key to making strategic decisions. This was done using a priori segmentation of the traditional style against a post hoc segmentation based on the importance that users concede to variability of elements of golf courses. Moreover, the relationship between the quality attributed to the service dimensions and the golf course global performance was examined for each of the obtained segments. The results have established certain specific characteristics of the typical golf user and two large segments of golfers were identified from Cluster Analysis (Competitives and Socials), they were made up of the following subgroups: Regular-leisure and business and matures-familiar. The causal analysis of covariance structures for each segment revealed partially different interests. This study provides useful information for managers to design management strategies that address the different characteristics, interests, and priorities of their customers and potential customers in order to win them, keep them, satisfy them, and build their loyalty, ensuring the development and sustainability of the entityS

QGOLF-9 : Escala para la evaluación de la calidad percibida en los clubes de golf

The assessment of perceived quality has become important in the management of service providing organizations. The aim of this paper is to develop a brief, easy-to-apply scale with appropriate psychometric properties, which allows the incorporation of users' perceptions of the management of golf clubs. We interviewed 403 users of four 9-hole course golf clubs located in Galicia (316 males and 87 females) aged between 16 and 75 years (Mean = 47.19; SD = 13.91). For data collection, an ad hoc structured questionnaire which had 25 items grouped into 4 dimensions was used. As a result of Exploratory Factor Analysis and a subsequent Confirmatory Factor Analysis, it was possible to obtain a final scale made up of only 15 items, grouped into three dimensions. This scale, as well as being brief and easy-to-apply, has a high degree of validity (as it explains 72% of the perceived performance) and internal consistency (overall a of .91), thus making it a tool of considerable applied interest.La evaluación de la calidad percibida ha cobrado una gran importancia en la gestión de las organizaciones de prestación de servicios. El objetivo de este trabajo es desarrollar una escala con propiedades psicométricas adecuadas, breve y de fácil aplicación que permita incorporar las percepciones de los usuarios a la gestión de los clubes de golf. Fueron entrevistados 403 usuarios de 4 clubes de golf con campos de 9 hoyos ubicados en Galicia (316 hombres y 87 mujeres), con edades comprendidas entre los 16 y 75 años (Media = 47.19; DE = 13.91). Para la recogida de datos se utilizó un cuestionario estructurado ad hoc que contaba con 25 elementos agrupados en 4 dimensiones. Fruto de un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio inicial y de un Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio posterior, ha sido posible obtener una escala final compuesta por tan solo 15 ítems agrupados en tres dimensiones. Dicha escala, además de ser breve y de fácil aplicación, posee un alto grado de validez de criterio (ya que explica el 72% del desempeño percibido del club) y una elevada consistencia interna (con un a global de .91), lo que la convierte en una herramienta de notable interés aplicado

Adolescents, online gambling, problematic internet use and substance consumption

Recent research has warned of the growing participation of minors in online gambling, an illegal behaviour with an enormous addictive potential. The present study was proposed with a double objective: (1) having updated data about online gambling among adolescents and, (2) analysing its relationship with substance use and Proble-matic Internet Use [PIU]. For this purpose, a sample of 3188 Spanish adolescents between 12 and 17 years of age (Mean=14.44; SD=1.67) was gathered, to whom was applied an ad hoc questionnaire with items regarding their internet use and substance consumption, as well as specific screening instruments (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test -AUDIT-, Cannabis Abuse Screening Test -CAST-, the Substance Use and Abuse subscale of the Problem Oriented Screening Instrument for Teenagers -POSITuas-, and the Problematic Internet Use Scale for Ado-lescents-PIUSa-). The results showed that 8.4% of the sample had participated in online gambling during the prior year. It was also found that those who gambled on the Internet had higher rates of PIU and different online risky behaviours, as well as higher rates of substance consumption. Therefore, these are not isolated problems, making it necessary to employ an integral preventive approach to address them.Recientes investigaciones han alertado de la creciente participación de los menores en el juego online, una conducta ilegal con un enorme potencial adictivo. El presente estudio se planteó con un doble objetivo (1) disponer de datos actualizados sobre el juego online entre los adolescentes y, (2) analizar su relación con el consumo de sustancias y el Uso Problemático de Internet [UIP]. Para ello, se recogió una muestra de 3188 adolescentes españoles de entre 12 y 17 años (Media=14.44; DT=1.67), a los que se les aplicó un cuestionario ad hoc con ítems relativos al uso de Internet y consumo de sustancias, así como instrumentos de cribado específicos (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test -AUDIT-, Cannabis Abuse Screening Test -CAST-, Substance Use and Abuse subscale of the Problem Oriented Scree-ning Instrument for Teenagers -POSITuas- y la Escala de Uso Problemático de Internet para Adolescentes -EUPIa-). Los resultados mostraron que el 8.4% de la muestra había participado en juegos de azar en línea durante el año anterior. También se comprobó que los que jugaban a través de Internet presentaban tasas más elevadas de PIU y de diferentes comportamientos de riesgo online, así como tasas más elevadas de consumo de sustancias. Por tanto, no se trata de problemas aislados, por lo que es necesario emplear un enfoque preventivo integral para abordarlos

Evaluación y detección precoz del uso problemático de Internet entre adolescentes

Background:Problematic Internet use in adolescents has become an issue of concern for a growing number of researchers and institutions over the past years. Behavioural problems, social isolation, school failure and family problems are some of the consequences of psychological and behavioural impact on teenagers. Taking into account the interest that this issue has generated at many levels, the aim of this paper is to develop a screening tool for early detection of problematic Internet use in teenagers. Method: A survey of Compulsory Secondary School students from Galicia involving a total of 2,339 individuals was carried out. Results: The results obtained allow (1) gauging the magnitude of the problem, establishing the risk levels among the adolescents, and (2) presenting a new, simple and short screening instrument. Conclusions: The present scale has sufficient theoretical and empirical support, including good psychometric properties (a = .83; specificity = .81; sensitivity = .80; ROC curve = .90), making it an interesting applied toolAntecedentes: el uso problemático de Internet entre los adolescentes preocupa cada vez más a investigadores e instituciones. Problemas de conducta, aislamiento social, fracaso escolar y problemas familiares son algunas de las consecuencias del impacto a nivel psicológico y conductual que ello produce. Habida cuenta del interés que el tema suscita a diferentes niveles, el objetivo de este trabajo es desarrollar una herramienta de screening para la detección precoz de uso problemático de Internet entre adolescentes. Método: se realizó una encuesta a escolares de Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria de la comunidad gallega, en la que participaron un total de 2.339 individuos. Resultados: los resultados obtenidos permiten: (1) evaluar la magnitud del problema, permitiendo conocer los niveles de riesgo existente, y (2) presentar un nuevo instrumento de screening o cribado, breve y sencillo. Conclusiones: la presente escala cuenta con suficiente aval teórico y empírico y con unas buenas propiedades psicométricas (a = ,83; especificidad = ,81; sensibilidad = ,80; Curva COR = ,90), lo cual la convierte en una herramienta de interés a nivel aplicadoS

From Cu(i) and Cu(i)–Cu(ii) mixed-valence clusters to 2D Cu(ii) and Cu(i) coordination polymers supported by a flexible bis-tetrazole organosulfur ligand

Three coordination compounds from the reaction of copper(II) bromide with the flexible bis-tetrazole organosulfur ligand, 1,2-bis(1-methyl-1H-tetrazole-5-ylthio)ethane (bmtte) have been isolated and characterised. The identification of polymeric 2Cu2Br4 (bmtte) (1), trinuclear [Cu3Br4(bmtte)2] (2) and tetra-nuclear [Cu2Br2(bmtte)]2 (3) compounds shows that the reaction conditions have a significant influence on the structure of the complexes formed. Moreover, two polymorphs of the 2D Cu(II )-coordination polymer 1 have been isolated and these crystallise in the monoclinic C2/m (1m) and the triclinic P1¯ (1t) space groups. The thermal stabilities and behaviour in aqueous media of compounds 1–3 were investigated along with the reactivity of compound 2 with CuBr2 and KI. The solid-state reaction between mixed-valence compound 2 with KI or the direct reaction of CuI and bmtte under microwave irradiation allowed the preparation of the polymeric 2 1Cu4 I4 (bmtte)2 (4). The redox behaviour of complexes 2 and 3 was analysed by cyclic voltammetry.Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. PID2019-110218RB-I00Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. PID2020-115004RB-I00Fundación CajaCanarias | Ref. 2021ECO11Xunta de GaliciaUniversidad de La Lagun

Meningococcal group B vaccine for the prevention of invasive meningococcal disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B

Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a major public health concern because of its high case fatality, long-term morbidity, and potential to course with outbreaks. IMD caused by Nesseira meningitidis serogroup B has been predominant in different regions of the world like Europe and only recently broadly protective vaccines against B serogroup have become available. Two protein-based vaccines, namely 4CMenB (Bexsero®) and rLP2086 (Trumenba®) are currently licensed for use in different countries against MenB disease. These vaccines came from a novel technology on vaccine design (or antigen selection) using highly specific antigen targets identified through whole-genome sequence analysis. Moreover, it has the potential to confer protection against non-B meningococcus and against other Neisserial species such as gonococcus. Real-world data on the vaccine-use are rapidly accumulating from the UK and other countries which used the vaccine for control of outbreak or as part of routine immunization program, reiterating its safety and efficacy. Additional data on real-life effectiveness, long-term immunity, and eventual herd effects, including estimates on vaccine impact for cost-effectiveness assessment are further needed. Given the predominance of MenB in Europe and other parts of the world, these new vaccines are crucial for the prevention and public health control of the disease, and should be considered.S

Estratégias de prevenção neuromuscular para lesões do ligamento cruzado anterior sem contato em jogadoras de basquete. Revisão narrativa

Introduction: Non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries have a higher incidence in adolescent female athletes. The characteristics of basketball (jumping and landing), together with women's biomechanical and hormonal characteristics (greater valgus at the knees, joint laxity, and menstrual cycle), make us find ourselves before a population sector of special interest to implement neuromuscular prevention programs. The objective of this study has been a literature review to propose neuromuscular prevention programs for non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female basketball players. Material and method: The search was conducted in the PubMed, SportDiscus, and PEDro databases between December 2019 and January 2020. The keywords "anterior cruciate ligament," "neuromuscular training," "injury rates," "basketball," and "women" were used as search criteria. Results: 20 articles selected according to the inclusion criteria were analyzed; these studies provided information on risk factors and prevention programs for common anterior ligament injuries in healthy women and athletes. The information obtained was classified according to the preventive strategy provided. Conclusions: A neuromuscular prevention program for non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female basketball players should be based on four main aspects: lower limb strength training, plyometrics, feedback on the landing, and central trunk work.    Introducción: La lesión del ligamento cruzado anterior sin contacto tiene una mayor incidencia en las mujeres deportistas en edad adolescente. Las características propias del baloncesto (el salto y el aterrizaje) junto con las características biomecánicas y hormonales propias de la mujer (mayor valgo de rodillas, laxitud articular y ciclo menstrual) hace que nos encontremos ante un sector poblacional de especial interés para implementar programas de prevención neuromuscular. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido realizar una revisión bibliográfica para proponer un programa de prevención neuromuscular para las lesiones de ligamento cruzado anterior en mujeres jugadoras de baloncesto. Material y Método: La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos PubMed, SportDiscus y PEDro entre diciembre 2019 - enero 2020. Los descriptores “anterior cruciate ligament”, ”neuromuscular training”, “injury rates”, “basketball”, and “women” se utilizaron como criterio de búsqueda. Resultados: Se analizaron 20 artículos que fueron seleccionados acorde a los criterios de inclusión: estudios que aporten información sobre factores de riesgo y programas de prevención de la lesión de ligamento cruzado anterior en mujeres sanas, atletas/deportistas. Se clasificó la información obtenida según estrategia o información preventiva aportada. Conclusiones: Un programa de prevención neuromuscular para lesiones de ligamento cruzado anterior sin contacto en mujeres jugadoras de baloncesto debe basarse en cuatro aspectos fundamentales: entrenamiento de fuerza de miembro inferior, pliometría, retroalimentación en el aterrizaje y trabajo central de tronco.    Introdução: A lesão do ligamento cruzado anterior sem contato tem maior incidência em atletas adolescentes do sexo feminino. As características do basquete (salto, aterrissagem ou mudanças de direção que ocorrem a cada 2,0 a 2,82 segundos) juntamente com as características biomecânicas e hormonais da mulher (maior valgo do joelho, frouxidão articular e ciclo menstrual) fazem com que estejamos diante de um setor populacional de especial interesse para implementar programas de prevenção neuromuscular. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão bibliográfica com o objetivo de propor um programa de prevenção neuromuscular de lesões do ligamento cruzado anterior em jogadoras de basquete do sexo feminino. Material e métodos: A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, SportDiscus e PEDro entre dezembro de 2019 e janeiro de 2020. Os descritores "ligamento cruzado anterior", "treinamento neuromuscular", "taxas de lesões", "basquetebol" e "mulheres” foram usados como critérios de pesquisa. Resultados: Foram analisados 20 artigos selecionados de acordo com os critérios de inclusão: estudos que fornecem informações sobre fatores de risco e programas de prevenção da lesão do ligamento cruzado anterior em mulheres saudáveis, atletas / esportistas. As informações obtidas foram classificadas de acordo com a estratégia ou informações preventivas fornecidas. Conclusão: Um programa de prevenção neuromuscular para lesões do LCA sem contato em jogadoras de basquete deve ser baseado em quatro aspectos fundamentais: treinamento de força de membros inferiores, pliometria, retroalimentação na aterrissagem e trabalho central

Patterns of Alcohol Consumption in Spanish University Alumni: Nine Years of Follow-Up

The aim of this study was to empirically identify different profiles of Spanish university alumni, based on their alcohol use over 9 years, and to further characterize them. A cohort study was carried out between 2005 and 2015 among university students (Compostela Cohort-Spain; n2015 = 415). Alcohol consumption was measured using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). A two-stage cluster analysis, based on their AUDIT total scores was carried out separately for males and females. The further characterization of every profile was based on demographic data, age at onset of alcohol use, positive alcohol-related expectancies, tobacco and cannabis use, as well as their answers to some European Addiction Severity Index items. Five different clusters were identified: Low users (29.2%), Moderated users (37.2%), At-risk users (14.2%), Decreasing users (13.2%) and Large users (6.2%) for females, and Low users (34.4%), At-risk users (25.6%), High-risk users (15.6%), Decreasing users (14.4%) and Large users (10.0%) for males. Being a cannabis user or a smoker was positively associated to those more hazardous clusters in both genders. Regarding females, significant differences in the age of onset and high positive expectancies were found. However, there were few significant differences among the groups in relation to their employment status and social relations. The results reveal the existence of different typologies of alcohol users among university alumni, with differences among males and females. Modifying positive expectancies, limiting access to alcohol at a young age, and reducing uses of other substances uses are key to promote healthier alcohol use profiles and to prevent hazardous usesThis work was supported by a grant from the Plan Nacional sobre Drogas (Spain) (2005/PN014) and from Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (Spain) (PI15/00165). Eduardo López-Caneda was supported by the SFRH/BPD/109750/2015 Postdoctoral Fellowship of the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology as well as by the Psychology Research Centre (UID/PSI/01662/2013), co-financed by FEDER through COMPETE2020 under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007653)S