The challenges of climate change faced by Spanish tourism

Este artículo realiza una reflexión sobre los principales retos de futuro que el cambio climático plantea al sector turístico español. La notable repercusión que los efectos climáticos directos tienen y tendrán sobre los destinos evidencia la necesidad de contar con adecuadas evaluaciones de potencialidad del recurso, bien para adaptar la actividad a los nuevos calendarios, bien para crear nuevos productos turísticos que permitan aprovechar las nuevas aptitudes del clima. Por otro lado, los efectos indirectos del cambio medioambiental exigen, y seguirán exigiendo en el futuro, esfuerzos en materia de gestión y planificación territorial y turística en los destinos ya que, en numerosas ocasiones, estos efectos presentarán un signo contrario a los efectos climáticos directos. Por último, la necesidad de combatir el cambio climático desde el propio sector plantea el desafío de conseguir aplicar estrategias de mitigación que no resten competitividad ni a los destinos ni a las empresas turísticas. Contribuir a la descarbonización sin que ello implique el decrecimiento del sector del ocio y los viajes se plantea como uno de los desafíos más importantes en el abordaje de esta problemática.This article contemplates the main future challenges of climate change faced by the Spanish tourism sector. The significant direct impact that climate change has and will have on the destinations pinpoints the need to make adequate assessments of the potential of the resource, either to adapt the activity to the new calendars or to create new tourism products that help make the most of the new benefits of the climate. Moreover the indirect effects of environmental change call for a significant effort to be made in the area of management, territorial and tourism planning in the destinations, and they will continue to do so in the future, seeing as on many occasions, these consequences will present an alternative to the direct climatic effects. Finally, the fact that the sector has to combat climate change itself means that it is going to have to be able to apply mitigation strategies that do not impair the competitiveness from either the tourist destinations or tourism companies. Contributing to the decarbonization without this leading to the shrinkage of the leisure and travel sector is considered to be one of the most important challenges associated with tackling this problem.La aportación ha sido realizada en el marco del proyecto de investigación del Programa Estatal de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad del Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, con referencia CSO2014-51866-R y título Evaluación de impactos del cambio climático sobre el turismo de nieve en España (investigadora principal: Dra. M. Belén Gómez Martín - Universidad de Barcelona)

The derivations of some evolution algebras

In this work we investigate the derivations of n−dimensional complex evolution algebras, depending on the rank of the appropriate matrices. For evolution algebra with non-singular matrices we prove that the space of derivations is zero. The spaces of derivations for evolution algebras with matrices of rank n−1 are described.Junta de Andalucía FQM-14

Optical spectra of selected Chamaeleon I young stellar objects

We present optical spectra of eight candidate brown dwarfs and a previously known T Tauri star (Sz 33) of the Chamaeleon I dark cloud. We derived spectral types based on the strength of the TiO or VO absorption bands present in the spectra of these objects as well as on the PC3 index of Martin et al. (1999). Photometric data from the literature are used to estimate the bolometric luminosities for these sources. We apply D'Antona & Mazzitelli (1997) pre-main sequence evolutionary tracks and isochrones to derive masses and ages. Based on the presence of Halpha in emission, we confirm that most of the candidates are young objects. Our sample however includes two sources for which we can only provide upper limits for the emission in Halpha; whereas these two objects are most likely foreground/background stars, higher resolution spectra are required to confirm their true nature. Among the likely cloud members, we detect one new sub-stellar object and three transition stellar/sub-stellar sources.Comment: 22 pages - manuscript forma

Redefining the role of obstacles in pedestrian evacuation

The placement of obstacles in front of doors is believed to be an effective strategy to increase the flow of pedestrians, hence improving the evacuation process. Since it was first suggested, this counterintuitive feature is considered a hallmark of pedestrian flows through bottlenecks. Indeed, despite the little experimental evidence, the placement of an obstacle has been hailed as the panacea for solving evacuation problems. In this work, we challenge this idea and experimentally demonstrate that the pedestrians flow rate is not necessarily altered by the presence of an obstacle. This result - which is at odds with recent demonstrations on its suitability for the cases of granular media, sheep and mice - differs from the outcomes of most of existing numerical models, and warns about the risks of carelessly extrapolating animal behaviour to humans. Our experimental findings also reveal an unnoticed phenomenon in relation with the crowd movement in front of the exit: in competitive evacuations, an obstacle attenuates the development of collective transversal rushes, which are hazardous as they might cause falls.Fil: Garcimartín, A.. Universidad de Navarra; EspañaFil: Maza, D.. Universidad de Navarra; EspañaFil: Pastor, J. M.. Focke Meler Gluing Solutions S.A.; EspañaFil: Parisi, Daniel Ricardo. Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Martín Gómez, C.. Universidad de Navarra; EspañaFil: Zuriguel, I.. Universidad de Navarra; Españ

The Building Services of the Juan de la Cierva Trust

The Juan de la Cierva Trust headquarters building, located in Madrid, is a great example of the outstanding Spanish architecture after the national Civil War, and reflects the situation of Spanish architecture and technology in the 40’s, a desire to advance with not many material or economical resources, with ambition and by using the technical knowledge of what was being done abroad, and how it could be launched in Spain. Spain was recovering in the technological and architectural fields, and the building was intended as a revolution compared to others constructed shortly before. However, the architects did not fully master the new stylistic tools (although they knew of them), so the HVAC technology and the solar passive design are of primary importance in the designing of the building. The article will describe the main architectural aspects including its history and the biography of the architects, the technological building systems and the solar design, concluding on how this knowledgecould be use nowadays

La necesaria investigación de los sistemas de calefacción urbana en la docencia del Urbanismo

A pesar de que la influencia de las infraestructuras urbanas en la práctica profesional del urbanismo es evidente, los arquitectos urbanistas que se forman en las Escuelas de Arquitectura que existen en España, reciben escasa información sobre esta materia. De entre todos los tipos de infraestructuras urbanas, la falta de referencias construidas de las destinadas a calefacción urbana en España, propicia la escasez de asignaturas sobre esta materia. Como consecuencia, si no se enseña, tampoco se investiga, generandose un negativo círculo cerrado para esta disciplina. Es por ello que se reivindica la necesidad de crear una metodología de investigación sobre este tipo de infraestructuras, que influya en la docencia que los futuros arquitectos urbanistas reciben en las Escuelas de Arquitectura españolas

STARTUPV: Different approaches in mentoring and tutorship for entrepreneurs in the three stages of a university entrepreneurial ecosystem

Year after year, a crowd of students from the Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), a polytechnic university in Valencia (Spain) with over 30,000 students, are encouraged to start their own business projects. Since 1992, IDEAS UPV, the Entrepreneurial service at UPV, has been mentoring entrepreneurs. Up till now, IDEAS UPV has helped in the generation of close to 1000 new businesses with a survival rate of over 60% in five years. In 2012, IDEAS UPV introduced new mentoring and tutorship activities for students by the creation of a business incubator within the university campus. StartUPV is currently a 5-year startup incubation programme and an entrepreneurial ecosystem with more than 300 startups and more than 50 million euros of overall private investment StartUPV programme is divided into three different stages: (i) STAND UP, in which startups define a business model and complete a validation process; (ii) START UP, in which startups achieve a targeted market share and build their company management team; and (iii) SCALE UP, in which startups achieve maturity and scale to other international markets. As university students and their startups face different needs in every step of the programme, different approaches for mentoring and tutorship are applied in every stage. For instance, a startup in the first stage is mentored in business modelling or market segmentation, while a scale up requires a more specific mentorship in dealing with corporates and venture capital. These different approaches are analysed in this work including the main findings of the 10 years of this programme