The paratexts of the translations into Spanish of E. M. Forster’s A Passage to India

In this paper will focus on the peritexts of the translations into Spanish of a novel by British author E. M. Forster, A Passage to India. The novel first appeared in 1924 and it has been translated into Spanish three different times: first in 1955 by Juan Rodolfo Wilcock for an Argentinian publishing house, Sur; then in 1981 by José Luis López Muñoz for an Spanish publishing house, Alianza; and finally in 2004 by Juan Gabriel Vásquez for a collection of travel books commissioned by a Spanish newspaper, ABC.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Cartesian Humility and Pyrrhonian Passivity: The Ethical Significance of Epistemic Agency

While the Academic sceptics followed the plausible as a criterion of truth and guided their practice by a doxastic norm, so thinking that agential performances are actions for which the agent assumes responsibility, the Pyrrhonists did not accept rational belief-management, dispensing with judgment in empirical matters. In this sense, the Pyrrhonian Sceptic described himself as not acting in any robust sense of the notion, or as ‘acting’ out of sub-personal and social mechanisms. The important point is that the Pyrrhonian advocacy of a minimal conception of ‘belief’ was motivated by ethical concerns: avoiding any sort of commitment, he attempted to preserve his peace of mind. In this article, I argue for a Cartesian model of rational guidance that, in line with some current versions of an agential virtue epistemology, does involve judgment and risk, and thus which is true both to our rational constitution and to our finite and fallible nature. Insofar as epistemic humility is a virtue of rational agents that recognise the limits of their judgments, Pyrrhonian scepticism, and a fortiori any variety of naturalism, is unable to accommodate this virtue. This means that, in contrast to the Cartesian model, the Pyrrhonist does not provide a satisfactory answer to the problem of cognitive disintegration. The Pyrrhonist thus becomes a social rebel, one that violates the norm of serious personal assent that enables the flourishing of a collaborative and social species which depends on agents that, however fallible, are accountable for their actions and judgments

One model, two languages: training bilingual parsers with harmonized treebanks

We introduce an approach to train lexicalized parsers using bilingual corpora obtained by merging harmonized treebanks of different languages, producing parsers that can analyze sentences in either of the learned languages, or even sentences that mix both. We test the approach on the Universal Dependency Treebanks, training with MaltParser and MaltOptimizer. The results show that these bilingual parsers are more than competitive, as most combinations not only preserve accuracy, but some even achieve significant improvements over the corresponding monolingual parsers. Preliminary experiments also show the approach to be promising on texts with code-switching and when more languages are added.Comment: 7 pages, 4 tables, 1 figur

Impact Distribution of the Beam Losses at the LHC Collimators in Case of Magnet Failures

During LHC operation, magnet failures may affect the beam optics leading to proton losses in the collimators. These losses, with about 360MJ of stored energy per beam at nominal collision operation, are potentially dangerous for the accelerator equipment. The LHC Machine Protection Systems ensure that the beam is extracted safely before these losses can produce any damage. As a magnet failure develops, so does the distribution of the lost particles, longitudinally along the ring as well as transversally at each collimator. The transversal impact distributions of lost particles at the most affected collimators and their evolution with time have been studied for representative magnet failures in the LHC. It has been found that the impact distribution at a given collimator can be approximated by an exponential function with time-dependent parameters. The average impact parameter ranges from about 7 to $620 \mu$m for the cases studied

Un modelo aleatorio de redes sociales

Las redes sociales pueden ser modeladas como estructuras de grafos cuyos nodos simbolizan usuarios y las aristas representan una conexión directa entre dos de ellos. Algunas características del grafo dependen de la red social que está siendo modelada. Por ejemplo, redes sociales con relación asimétrica (como Twitter) se corresponden con un grafo dirigido mientras que redes como Facebook se ajustan a una estructura de grafo con aristas bidireccionales. Las características estructurales del grafo son importantes para entender cómo fluye la información en las redes sociales, mensajes influyentes se extienden o usuarios populares acaparan una gran cantidad de seguidores, es decir, la viralidad de estos elementos en la redes sociales. Con el fin de estudiar el comportamiento de las redes sociales, es de gran importancia poder generar grafos de forma aleatoria y automática, compartiendo ciertas características con las redes sociales que existen. Esta generación autónoma (si se ejecuta con precisión) permite una simulación potente y realista de los medios sociales, una herramienta con la que se puede sacar una gran cantidad de información estadística. Hay modelos bien conocidos que replican características macroscópicas importantes de las redes sociales, como la distribución de ejes, el grado medio de los nodos o el diámetro del grafo. Los estudios más recientes han tenido en cuenta el clustering, una característica muy representativa de las redes sociales. En este trabajo se implementarán diversos algoritmos de generación de grafos, ajustándose a varios modelos que se mencionarán en el cuerpo del documento. Una vez construidos, se obtendrán datos estadísticos (medidas) que serán comparados con datos reales de la red social Twitter. En base a los resultados se extraerán conclusiones, si eran o no esperables, y posibles mejoras a los algoritmos implementados.Social networks can be modeled as graph structures in which nodes represent users and edges express a direct conection between two of them. Some of the characteristics of this graph depend on the social network that is being modeled. For example, networks with asymmetric relation (such as Twitter) result in directed graphs, while networks such as Facebook fit in a graph structure with bidirectional edges. The structural characteristics of the graph are important to understand how information flows in the social network, how influenctial messages spreads or popular users monopolize lots of followers, that is, the virality of these elements in the social networks. In order to study the behavior of social networks, it is very important being able to generate random graphs automatically, sharing certain characteristics with the actual network graphs. This autonomous graph generation (if it is executed accurately) allows a powerful and realistic simulation of the social media, a tool wich can be used to draw a large amount of statistical information. There are well known graph models that replicate important macroscopic network characteristics such as the distribution of the fan-out of the nodes, the average number of neighbors per node or the graph diameter. Recent studies have taken into account clustering, a very representative characteristic of the social networks. In this work, some graph generation algortihms shall be implemented, fiting to several models wich will be menctioned in the document body. Then, statistical data (measures) shall be obtained and compared with actual data of Twitter. Based on the results conclusions will be drawn, whether or not they were expected, and possible improvements will be proposed to the implemented algorithms

Mujeres y punk en España durante la Transición : principios iconográficos de una actitud

El presente artículo trata de exponer cómo, dentro de la emergencia de las culturas juveniles que comienzan a desarrollarse durante la etapa de Transición democrática, aparecen grupos musicales liderados por mujeres amparados en la efervescencia de lo que se ha dado en llamar movimiento punk. Dicho estilo posee una estética inspirada en la vanguardia artística de principios del siglo xx, a la vez que supone un proceso de mímesis de determinados iconos de "estrellas malditas". En este estudio se pretende observar cómo se legitiman este tipo de iconos y cómo la propia cultura visual y su difusión a través de determinados medios de comunicación favorece un cambio en la percepción visual, que pasa por la inclusión en la posmodernidad de determinados discursos marginales, que, en el caso de España, emergen dentro del propio ambiente de aperturismo sociocultural. Sin embargo, los elementos iconográficos utilizados por las subculturas urbanas que las mujeres punk adoptan en España no sólo cobran fuerza por su impacto visual sino también por la actitud que vehiculan. El papel que ocupa la mujer dentro de este tipo de subversiones mediatizadas será decisivo en un país en el que todavía no se han legitimado las políticas de identidad y donde se está articulando un nuevo contexto social que sienta las bases de la actitud feminista. Desde este punto de vista, la posición de rebeldía que adopta el movimiento punk no solo supondrá una estrategia de posicionamiento disruptivo frente a las convenciones prevalentes hasta entonces en los sistemas de representación visual sino que también supondrá un cambio radical en la constitución del discurso feminista como base de integración en la sociedad contemporánea.This article discusses the development of music bands fronted by women during the Spanish democratic Transition -a period characterized by the emergence of youth cultures- and how these bands were to a large extent stimulated by the effervescence of what came to be known as the punk movement. The aesthetics of punk is inspired by the artistic avant-garde of the early twentieth century, and it can also be read as a process of mimetic representation of certain iconic "fallen stars". This study aims to explore how this legitimation takes place and how the visual culture itself and its diffusion through certain means of communication fosters a change in the visual perception, with the incorporation into postmodernity of certain marginal discourses that emerge out of the very process of sociocultural liberalization that was taking place in Spain at the time. However, the iconographic elements used by the urban subcultures and adopted by female punks in Spain gain strength not only by their visual impact but also by the attitude that they convey. The role of women within this type of mediated subversion will be decisive in a country where identity policies have not yet been legitimized and where a new social context is being articulated, laying the foundations of the feminist attitude. From this point of view, the rebellious attitude adopted by the punk movement will not only imply a strategy of disruption in face of the then-prevailing conventions in the systems of visual representation, but it will also imply a radical change in the formation of feminist discourse as the basis of integration in contemporary society

H. P. Lovecraft: creencia estética y asentimiento intelectual

The aim of this article is to analyse the epistemological and aesthetic grounds for Lovecraft’s theory of cosmic horror. In order to make sense of the celebrated epithet applied to Lovecraft, describing him as «a literary Copernicus», what is needed is an understanding of the deep connection between his narratives and scientific images of the world, his distinctions between intellectual assent and aesthetic belief and between the mundanely gruesome and true cosmic fear, and the metaphysical assumptions that underpin his late literature

El despido colectivo: una aproximación jurisprudencial del procedimiento

El despido colectivo es la decisión empresarial que mayor impacto tiene en el entorno social, por ello, concierne al Estado su intervención para evitar desajustes en el mercado de trabajo y, por consiguiente, en la economía del país. Esto ha llevado a establecer un complejo procedimiento que deben cumplir con rigor los empleadores, con el fin de evitar que se produzca el fraude. El presente trabajo trata de analizar la figura de esta modalidad de extinción contractual masiva desde todos sus ámbitos, tanto desde el procedimiento sustantivo, como desde el procesal, complementándolo en cada fase, con las interpretaciones y los criterios con los que los órganos jurisdiccionales han ido moldeando la legislación, protegiendo en la medida de lo posible al trabajador, la parte más débil de la relación laboral, de los abusos del empresario y su afán por maximizar el beneficio.Grado en Relaciones Laborales y Recursos Humano