Exposición mediante realidad virtual para el TOC: ¿Es factible?

Virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) is receiving increased attention, especially in the fields of anxiety and eating disorders. This study is the first trial examining the utility of VRET from the perspective of OCD patients. Four OCD women assessed the sense of presence, emotional engagement, and reality judgment, and the anxiety and disgust levels they experimented in four scenarios, called the Contaminated Virtual Environment (COVE), in which they had to perform several activities. The COVE scenarios were presented on a Full HD 46” TV connected to a laptop and to a Kinect device. Results indicate that the COVE scenarios generated a good sense of presence. The anxiety and disgust levels increased as the virtual contamination increased, and the anxiety produced was related to the emotional engagement and sense of presence.La Exposición mediante Realidad Virtual (ERV) está recibiendo una atención cada vez mayor, especialmente para los trastornos de ansiedad y los alimentarios. Este estudio es el primer ensayo que evalúa la utilidad de la ERV desde la propia perspectiva de pacientes con Trastorno Obsesivo-Compulsivo (TOC). Cuatro mujeres con TOC evaluaron la sensación de presencia, implicación emocional, el juicio de realidad, y los niveles de ansiedad y asco que experimentaban en cuatro escenarios virtuales, que denominamos Entorno Virtual Contaminado (EVCO), en los que debían realizar varias actividades. Los escenarios se presentaron en una TV Full HD de 46’’, conectada a un ordenador y a un dispositivo Kinect. Los resultados indican que EVCO produjo una buena sensación de presencia. Los niveles de ansiedad y asco aumentaron a medida que aumentaba la “contaminación” de los escenarios, y la ansiedad se asoció con la sensación de presencia y la implicación emocional

Vortex formation for a non-local interaction model with Newtonian repulsion and superlinear mobility

We consider density solutions for gradient flow equations of the form $u_t = \nabla \cdot ( \gamma(u) \nabla \mathrm N(u))$, where $\mathrm N$ is the Newtonian repulsive potential in the whole space $\mathbb R^d$ with the nonlinear convex mobility $\gamma(u)=u^\alpha$, and $\alpha>1$. We show that solutions corresponding to compactly supported initial data remain compactly supported for all times leading to moving free boundaries as in the linear mobility case $\gamma(u)=u$. For linear mobility it was shown that there is a special solution in the form of a disk vortex of constant intensity in space $u=c_1t^{-1}$ supported in a ball that spreads in time like $c_2t^{1/d}$, thus showing a discontinuous leading front or shock. Our present results are in sharp contrast with the case of concave mobilities of the form $\gamma(u)=u^\alpha$, with $0<\alpha<1$ studied in [9]. There, we developed a well-posedness theory of viscosity solutions that are positive everywhere and moreover display a fat tail at infinity. Here, we also develop a well-posedness theory of viscosity solutions that in the radial case leads to a very detail analysis allowing us to show a waiting time phenomena. This is a typical behavior for nonlinear degenerate diffusion equations such as the porous medium equation. We will also construct explicit self-similar solutions exhibiting similar vortex-like behaviour characterizing the long time asymptotics of general radial solutions under certain assumptions. Convergent numerical schemes based on the viscosity solution theory are proposed analysing their rate of convergence. We complement our analytical results with numerical simulations ilustrating the proven results and showcasing some open problems

Reference values of total and regional skeletal muscle mass in children and adolescents

Introduction: The acquisition of skeletal muscle mass (SMM) during childhood and adolescence must be a main concern to ensure healthy growth and improved motor development. Moreover, peak SMM increment must happen during youth, which would determine adulthood health and performance. Although some indicators of SMM have been using for assessment of nutrition status since the seventies like upper arm circumference or arm areas there is insuffi cient SMM data throughout childhood and adolescence to establish references norms. The first aim of this study, therefore, was to analyze trends of fat free mass (FFM) and regional and total SMM. The second objective was to compare trends between SMM and FFM by age and gender. Method: Cross-sectional data of 1103 healthy volunteers were analyzed (13.3 ± 2.5 yrs, BMI=20.1 ± 3.4 kg/m2; 323 girls and 780 boys). They were recruited from local primary schools, high-schools and local sport clubs. Anthropometry in accordance with ISAK guidelines was used to measure: triceps, thigh and calf skinfolds, and arm, thigh and calf circumferences were assessed by a caliper and tape respectively. Regional muscle areas were calculated from the corrected limb circumferences. FFM was estimated by anthropometric-derived equation. Validated age-specifi c models were applied to obtain SMM based on anthropometric variables (Poortmans’ (0.000) while FFM showed 688.7 (P>0.000). Sex interaction was found. Conclusions: Our fi ndings show that there is a diff erence between boys and girls in the relationship between total SMM and age. Regional muscle areas from the upper limbs don’t develop in linear fashion with age in contrast to development in the lower extremity areas. These results suggest that upper and lower muscle areas growth is diff erent in terms of timing. Longitudinal studies are required to confirm these results.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Publishing Linked Data - There is no One-Size-Fits-All Formula

Publishing Linked Data is a process that involves several design decisions and technologies. Although some initial guidelines have been already provided by Linked Data publishers, these are still far from covering all the steps that are necessary (from data source selection to publication) or giving enough details about all these steps, technologies, intermediate products, etc. Furthermore, given the variety of data sources from which Linked Data can be generated, we believe that it is possible to have a single and uni�ed method for publishing Linked Data, but we should rely on di�erent techniques, technologies and tools for particular datasets of a given domain. In this paper we present a general method for publishing Linked Data and the application of the method to cover di�erent sources from di�erent domains

Robust free-spurious formulation of high order 2.5 dimensional electromagnetic problems by using finite elements

The 3D Finite Elements Method (FEM) is an extensively accepted tool for the analysis and design of microwaves/millimetre circuits and antennas based on the use of complex materials and geometries. Despite the huge memory capacity and computation speed of the current informatics systems, the method still suffers from an expensive computational cost when the domain is 3D. In many practical structures, the knowledge of the behaviour of one field component introduces a symmetry in the formulations that allows to project the physical problem onto a bi-dimensional mesh. The result of the former is a dramatic increase of the speed and ease of handling of such kind of problems, achieving efficient tools for the computer assisted design of many complex structures used in the electrical engineering nowadays. Because nothing is free, this simplification in the computation of the numerical problems is reached after a modification into the formulation and discretization of the model in the sense to introduce the symmetry of the field component into the basis functions. Because we need the three field components, we must divide the basis functions in two sets; one keeps the vector character and is applied to approximate the transversal or meridian component of the electromagnetic field and the other set is used for the longitudinal or azimuthal component. Then, we have to work with two elements, one is vector and the other is scalar. Frequently they are called hybrid elements, or 2.5D elements. This type of problems has been intensively studied by many researchers along the last two decades [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]. However, only lower order basis has been used and, since our knowledge, it has not been developed a theory linking the development of the function spaces for the cited two elements, vector and scalar which make up the hybrid elements. This is especially true when the order of the elements increases, producing the apparition of the frightened spurious modes. Besides of the lack of a robust method to obtain these higher order hybrid elements for the 2.5D problems, we consider that it is worth reviewing these procedures, trying to increase its reliability and robustness. It should be a priority to incorporate the use of higher-order elements to the discretization of 2.5D problems, as the last developments relative to pre and post processors, new and more powerful meshers and solvers. In this way we can develop new numerical tools facing the more complex geometries containing field singularities, diverse materials and multiscale details with curved boundaries that conform the structures that electrical engineers handle nowadays. This work is an extension with some new results of previous presented at [5], [7]. A complete study of the design of conical dielectric core horn antennas, ended by both, convex-plane and double-convex dielectric lens, is carried on, taking advantage of the robust performance of the developed methods

Jujuy Province (NW Argentina): STR Markers Unveil Microgeographic Differentiation Over a Steep Mountainous Landscape

This study explores potential signals of microdifferentiation on the gene pool of three high-altitude populations from Jujuy province (NW Argentina) using highly polymorphic markers. These human communities are characterized by extreme living conditions and very low population densities owing to considerable height above sea level and steep orography. A set of autosomal STRs located at chromosome 6 (6p21.3) was typed in samples from Quebrada Baja (~2,500 m), Quebrada Alta (~ 3,300 m), and Puna (\u3e 3,500 m). Genetic diversity was estimated through the observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosities, and the haplotype diversity. Analyses of the molecular variance (AMOVA) and population differentiation tests based on allele and haplotype frequencies were performed to assess genetic heterogeneity among subgroups. No deviation from HWE expectations was detected for each separate subpopulation; yet, significant departures were detected in the analysis considering the whole area (D6S2792 and D6S105 loci). Overall, genetic diversity showed a decreasing trend as the altitude increases. Thus, allele and haplotype frequencies showed the most significant differences between Puna and Quebrada Baja, which are the populations sited at the edges of the altitude range. The trend to the reduction of the heterozygosity with altitude proves to be compatible with historical patterns of colonization, interregional migration trends, population density, and genetic admixture. The main consequence of the complex mountainous landscape of Jujuy would be an imbalance in the interplay gene flow-genetic drift favoring the latter. The combined effect of restricted gene flow with intense genetic drift would have promoted local genetic differentiation between Jujuy highlands\u27 subpopulations, leading to spatial patterning of the allele frequencies not entirely attributable to geographic distance. Our findings corroborate the effectiveness of STRs to identify microevolutionary changes

Application of the Wavelet Transform to the Digital Image Processing of Electron Micrographs and of Backreflection Electron Diffraction Patterns

In this work we explore the use of the so-called wavelet transform in the digital image processing of micrographs. The wavelet transform of an image f(x,y) is defined as: Wf(s,u,v) = f(x,y) s Ψ(s(x-u),s(y-v)) dxdy where Ψ is an analyzing function called wavelet and which is in our examples always taken to be the Mexican hat given by Ψ(x)=(2-(x2+y2))exp(-(x2+y2)/2) Some synthetic images are shown in which it can be clearly seen how the wavelet transform can be useful to reveal edges and to emphasize the boundaries of the clusters. The technique is applied in the case of the CoMoS catalysts, in which the wavelet transform can be used to emphasize the hexagonal domains while filtering the noise quite effectively. The technique is next applied to electron backreflection patterns where substantial noise reduction and emphasis of the lines are achieved. Several examples of the application of this processing tool to high resolution images of metallic particles and to quasicrystals are presented

A Model for Evaluating Soil Vulnerability to Erosion Using Remote Sensing Data and A Fuzzy Logic System

Soil vulnerability is the capacity of one or more of the ecological functions of the soil system to be harmed. It is a complex concept which requires the identification of multiple environmental factors and land management at different temporal and space scales. The employment of geospatial information with good update capabilities could be a satisfactory tool to assess potential soil vulnerability changes in large areas. This chapter presents the application of two land degradation case studies which is simple, synoptic, and suitable for continuous monitoring model based on the fuzzy logic. The model combines topography and vegetation status information to assess soil vulnerability to land degradation. Topographic parameters were obtained from digital elevation models (DEM), and vegetation status information was derived from the computation of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) satellite images. This spectral index provides relevance and is updated for each scene, evidences about the biomass and soil productivity, and vegetation density cover or vegetation stress (e.g., forest fires, droughts). Modeled output maps are suitable for temporal change analysis, which allows the identification of the effect of land management practices, soil and vegetation regeneration, or climate effects

Iridium complexes catalysed the selective dehydrogenation of glucose to gluconic acid in water

[EN] We describe an unprecedented catalytic dehydrogenation of glucose by homogeneous catalysts. Iridium(iii) complexes containing the fragment [Cp*Ir(NHC)](2+) (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene ligand) are shown to be very active and highly selective catalysts for the dehydrogenation of glucose to gluconic acid and molecular hydrogen. Glucose is converted to gluconic acid at a catalyst loading of 2 mol%, at reflux in water, without additives and with a selectivity of over 95%. Experimental evidence obtained by H-1 NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (ESI/MS) reveals the formation of iridium coordinated to glucose and gluconic acid species. A plausible mechanism is proposed, based on the experimental evidence and supported by DFT calculations.The authors thank the MINECO (Severo Ochoa, CTQ2015-69153-C2-1-R, CTQ2015-69153-C2-2-R and CTQ2015-67461-P), Diputacion General de Aragon (Grupo Consolidado E21) and Universitat Jaume I (P1.1B2015-09) for financial support. P. Borja thanks the Universitat Jaume I for a postdoctoral grant. The authors are very grateful to the 'Serveis Centrals d'Instrumentacio Cientifica (SCIC)' of the Universitat Jaume I, S. Fuertes (Universidad of Zaragoza) for data collection of the X-ray structure of 4 and to the Instituto de Biocomputacion y Fisica de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI) and the Centro de Supercomputacion de Galicia (CESGA) for the generous allocation of computational resources.Borja, P.; Vicent, C.; Baya, M.; García Gómez, H.; Mata, JA. (2018). Iridium complexes catalysed the selective dehydrogenation of glucose to gluconic acid in water. Green Chemistry. 20(17):4094-4101. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8gc01933aS409441012017Corma, A., Iborra, S., & Velty, A. (2007). Chemical Routes for the Transformation of Biomass into Chemicals. Chemical Reviews, 107(6), 2411-2502. doi:10.1021/cr050989dBesson, M., Gallezot, P., & Pinel, C. (2013). Conversion of Biomass into Chemicals over Metal Catalysts. 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Swimming and bone: Is low bone mass due to hypogravity alone or does other physical activity influence it?

Swimming during adolescence has shown neutral or even negative effects on bone mass. Nevertheless, it is still unknown if these effects are due to swimming or to other factors, such as sedentary behaviors. INTRODUCTION: Three objectives were described (1) to measure objective physical activity (PA) additional to swimming performed by adolescent swimmers (SWI) and compare it to that performed by normo-active controls (CG), (2) to describe the relationship between objectively measured PA and bone mass, and (3) to compare bone mass of swimmers that meet the World Health Organization PA guidelines (active) WHO and those that do not (inactive). METHODS: A total of 71 SWI (33 females) and 41 CG (17 females) wore an accelerometer for at least 4 days. PA was expressed as the amount of time (minutes/day) in each intensity [sedentary/light/moderate or vigorous (VPA), and the sum of moderate and vigorous (MVPA)]. Using the cutoff points proposed by Vanhelst et al. SWI were classified as active or inactive according to whether they reached 60 min of weight-bearing MVPA per day or not. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and bone strength values were calculated with peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Differences in PA intensities were calculated between SWI and CG. The relation of VPA to bone mass was studied in the SWI. RESULTS: Male-SWI spend less time in VPA and MVPA than male-GC, which partly explains the lower BMD values in SWI than CG. CONCLUSION: Swimming may displace weight-bearing VPA with serious implications on bone health