Modeling performance in visual ratio comparison

This research has been supported by ANID funds Fondecyt 1211420 and Millennium Science Initiative Program code NCS2021_014 (MEMAT)

Studying Neonates’ Language and Memory Capacities with Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

The measurement of newborns’ brain hemodynamic activity has improved our understanding of early cognitive processes, in particular of language acquisition. In this paper, we describe two experimental protocols adapted to study neonates’ speech-processing capacities using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS): the block design and the familiarization-recognition design. We review some of their benefits and disadvantages, and refer to research issues that can be explored by means of these protocols. We also illustrate the use of the two experimental designs through representative fNIRS studies that reveal specific patterns of activation of the newborn brain during speech perception, learning of repetition structures, and word recognition

Prospective teachers’ self-assessed confidence in their own mathematical knowledge and on their ability to explain this knowledge

This research has been supported by ANID funds Fondecyt 1211420 and Millennium Science Initiative Program code NCS2021_014 (MEMAT)

An approach for Temporal Argumentation Using Labeled Defeasible Logic Programming (l-DeLP)

In the last decade, several argument-based formalisms have emerged, with application in many areas, such as legal reasoning, autonomous agents and multi-agent systems; many are based on Dung’s seminal work characterizing Abstract Argumentation Frameworks (AF). Recent research in the area has led to Temporal Argumentation Frameworks (TAF), that extend AF by considering the temporal availability of arguments. On the other hand, different more concrete argumentation systems exists, such as Defeasible Logic Programming (DeLP), specifying a knowledge representation language, and how arguments are built. In this work we combine time representation capabilities of TAF with the representation language and argument structure of DeLP, defining a rule-based argumentation framework that considers time at the object language level. In order to do this, we use an extension of DeLP, called Labeled DeLP (l-DeLP) to establish, for each program clause, the set of time intervals in which it is available, and to determine from this information the temporal availability of arguments. Acceptability semantics for TAF can then be applied to determine argument acceptability on timeFacultad de Informátic

Brain regions and functional interactions supporting early word recognition in the face of input variability

Perception and cognition in infants have been traditionally investigated using habituation paradigms, assuming that babies' memories in laboratory contexts are best constructed after numerous repetitions of the very same stimulus in the absence of interference. A crucial, yet open, question regards how babies deal with stimuli experienced in a fashion similar to everyday learning situations-namely, in the presence of interfering stimuli. To address this question, we used functional near-infrared spectroscopy to test 40 healthy newborns on their ability to encode words presented in concomitance with other words. The results evidenced a habituation-like hemodynamic response during encoding in the left-frontal region, which was associated with a progressive decrement of the functional connections between this region and the left-temporal, right-temporal, and right-parietal regions. In a recognition test phase, a characteristic neural signature of recognition recruited first the right-frontal region and subsequently the right-parietal ones. Connections originating from the right-temporal regions to these areas emerged when newborns listened to the familiar word in the test phase. These findings suggest a neural specialization at birth characterized by the lateralization of memory functions: the interplay between temporal and left-frontal regions during encoding and between temporo-parietal and right-frontal regions during recognition of speech sounds. Most critically, the results show that newborns are capable of retaining the sound of specific words despite hearing other stimuli during encoding. Thus, habituation designs that include various items may be as effective for studying early memory as repeated presentation of a single word.European Research Council under European Union 269502 CONICYT-Chile Program PIA/BASAL FB0003 "Progetto strategico NEURAT" from the University of Padua CONICYT-Chile Program PAI/Academia 7913002

Incidencia de los mecanismos de certificación financiera (cat-cert) sobre las exportaciones no tradicionales colombianas

Esta investigación muestra la incidencia de los CERT´s en las exportaciones no tradicionales colombianas. Inicialmente se analiza gráficamente la evolución de exportaciones no tradicionales y la evolución del nivel de CERT. Luego mediante una regresión lineal simple se determina la influencia del CERT durante el período 1970-2000 sobre las exportaciones menores. Las conclusiones sobre los aspectos principales son explicadas al final del artículo

An approach for an algebra applied to a defeasible logic programming

In the last decade, several argument-based formalisms have emerged, with application in many areas, such as legal reasoning, au- tonomous agents and multi-agent systems. In this work we present an approach applied to any concrete argumenta- tion systems, called Argumentative Labels Algebra (ALA), in which propagate certain information through the internal structure of the argument and the existing relations between these. This information can be used for di erent proposed: (1) determine which argument defeat another, analyzing a feature that is relevant to the domain (eg. time availability, degree of reliability, particular characteristics, among others) and (2) de ne a acceptability threshold which will determine if the arguments are strong enough to be accepted. For this way, we obtain an approach that strengthens the argumenta- tions systems, increase the ability of real-world representation modeling di erent attributes associated to the arguments.Eje: Workshop Agentes y sistemas inteligentes (WASI)Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

An approach for Temporal Argumentation Using Labeled Defeasible Logic Programming (l-DeLP)

In the last decade, several argument-based formalisms have emerged, with application in many areas, such as legal reasoning, autonomous agents and multi-agent systems; many are based on Dung’s seminal work characterizing Abstract Argumentation Frameworks (AF). Recent research in the area has led to Temporal Argumentation Frameworks (TAF), that extend AF by considering the temporal availability of arguments. On the other hand, different more concrete argumentation systems exists, such as Defeasible Logic Programming (DeLP), specifying a knowledge representation language, and how arguments are built. In this work we combine time representation capabilities of TAF with the representation language and argument structure of DeLP, defining a rule-based argumentation framework that considers time at the object language level. In order to do this, we use an extension of DeLP, called Labeled DeLP (l-DeLP) to establish, for each program clause, the set of time intervals in which it is available, and to determine from this information the temporal availability of arguments. Acceptability semantics for TAF can then be applied to determine argument acceptability on timeFacultad de Informátic

Un enfoque para el debilitamiento y fortalecimiento entre argumentos

El objetivo general de esta línea de investigación es estudiar el fortalecimiento y debilitamiento de los argumentos en el contexto de los sistemas argumentativos (AS), añadiendo un meta-nivel de información a los argumentos en la forma de etiquetas extendiendo así las capacidades de representación de la estructura. Las etiquetas serán utilizadas para introducir la representación de incertidumbre, fiabilidad, disponibilidad de tiempo, o cualquier otra característica de importancia para los argumentos. Uno de los objetivos particulares es la formalización y definición de un marco argumentativo, para representar las características especiales de los argumentos, el fortalecimiento y debilitamiento entre los mismos, y utilizar la información que contienen las etiquetas en el proceso para obtener el conjunto de argumentos aceptados.Eje: Agentes y Sistemas InteligentesRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Caracterización de argumentos y semánticas de aceptabilidad valuadas

El objetivo general de esta línea de investigación es incrementar la capacidad de representación de los marcos argumentativos, permitiendo representar las características especiales de lo argumentos, y analizar como estas se ven afectadas por las relaciones de soporte, agregación y ataque que se establecen entre los argumentos del modelo. Para ello, añadiremos un meta-nivel de información a los argumentos en la forma de etiquetas extendiendo así sus capacidades de representación, y brindaremos las herramientas necesarias para propagar y combinar las etiquetas asociadas a los argumentos en el dominio de la argumentación. Finalmente, utilizaremos la información proporcionadas por las etiquetas para optimizar el proceso de aceptabilidad de los argumentos, y brindar así resultados más refinados.Eje: Agentes y Sistemas InteligentesRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI