A Educação Do Corpo Nos Parques E Recantos Infantis De Campinas-sp (1940-1959)

The study aimed to show discourses and practices articulated around body education in parks and playgrounds in the city of Campinas in 1940-1959. Through historical research, it concludes that children’s parks and playgrounds were important institutions for care, education, culture and recreation for children, designed and oriented as a political and educational project to control children, but also to establish local and national identities still not consolidated as modern, urban and rational. © 2016, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. All rights reserved.22370772

Indicadores epistemológicos do "Brazil-Medico": Educação e Educação Física

O artigo evidencia relações entre a Educação escolar e a Educação Física com base em indicadores epistemológicos relacionados aos cuidados com o corpo em busca de saúde, presentes no final do século XIX e início do XX. O material empírico utilizado foi o periódico "Brazil-Medico", do período de 1887-1923. Este estudo tece reflexões sobre cuidados com a saúde na Educação e aponta elementos sobre a sistematização da Educação Física, tendo como foco o método racional. Conclui-se que a Educação Física contribuiu com a interiorização de cuidados com o corpo em busca de saúde na Educação escolar, chamando a atenção para a vivacidade das crianças. A sistematização da Educação Física através do método racional contribuiu com o reconhecimento da existência da cultura física, das expressões do corpo, numa época em que prevalecia um ensino pautado na memorização e na imobilidade

Tree diversity and above-ground biomass in the South America Cerrado biome and their conservation implications

Less than half of the original two million square kilometers of the Cerrado vegetation remains standing, and there are still many uncertainties as to how to conserve and prioritize remaining areas effectively. A key limitation is the continuing lack of geographically-extensive evaluation of ecosystem-level properties across the biome. Here we sought to address this gap by comparing the woody vegetation of the typical cerrado of the Cerrado–Amazonia Transition with that of the core area of the Cerrado in terms of both tree diversity and vegetation biomass. We used 21 one-hectare plots in the transition and 18 in the core to compare key structural parameters (tree height, basal area, and above-ground biomass), and diversity metrics between the regions. We also evaluated the effects of temperature and precipitation on biomass, as well as explored the species diversity versus biomass relationship. We found, for the first time, both that the typical cerrado at the transition holds substantially more biomass than at the core, and that higher temperature and greater precipitation can explain this difference. By contrast, plot-level alpha diversity was almost identical in the two regions. Finally, contrary to some theoretical expectations, we found no positive relationship between species diversity and biomass for the Cerrado woody vegetation. This has implications for the development of effective conservation measures, given that areas with high biomass and importance for the compensation of greenhouse gas emissions are often not those with the greatest diversity

Education, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and IL-2 and IL-6 gene polymorphisms in the survival of head and neck cancer

The association of education, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and interleukin-2 (IL-2 +114 and -384) and -6 (IL-6 -174) DNA polymorphisms with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) was investigated in a cohort study of 445 subjects. IL-2 and IL-6 genotypes were determined by real-time PCR. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) of disease-specific survival according to anatomical sites of the head and neck. Mean age was 56 years and most patients were males (87.6%). Subjects with 5 or more years of schooling had better survival in larynx cancer. Smoking had no effect on HNSCC survival, but alcohol consumption had a statistically significant effect on larynx cancer. IL-2 gene +114 G/T (HR = 0.52; 95%CI = 0.15-1.81) and T/T (HR = 0.22; 95%CI = 0.02-3.19) genotypes were associated with better survival in hypopharynx cancer. IL-2 +114 G/T was a predictor of poor survival in oral cavity/oropharynx cancer and larynx cancer (HR = 1.32; 95%CI = 0.61-2.85). IL-2 -384 G/T was associated with better survival in oral cavity/oropharynx cancer (HR = 0.80; 95%CI = 0.45-1.42) and hypopharynx cancer (HR = 0.68; 95%CI = 0.21-2.20), but an inverse relationship was observed for larynx cancer. IL-6 -174 G/C was associated with better survival in hypopharynx cancer (HR = 0.68; 95%CI = 0.26-1.78) and larynx cancer (HR = 0.93; 95%CI = 0.42-2.07), and C/C reduced mortality in larynx cancer. In general, our results are similar to previous reports on the value of education, smoking, alcohol consumption, and IL-2 and IL-6 genetic polymorphisms for the prognosis of HNSCC, but the risks due to these variables are small and estimates imprecise