Cell biophysical stimuli in lobodopodium formation: a computer based approach

Different cell migration modes have been identified in 3D environments, e.g., modes incorporating lamellopodia or blebs. Recently, a new type of cellular migration has been investigated: lobopodia-based migration, which appears only in three-dimensional matrices under certain conditions. The cell creates a protrusion through which the nucleus slips, dividing the cell into two parts (front and rear) with different hydrostatic pressures. In this work, we elucidate the mechanical conditions that favour this type of migration. One of the hypotheses about this type of migration is that it depends on the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix. That is, lobopodia-based migration is dependent on whether the extracellular matrix is linearly elastic or non-linearly elastic. To determine whether the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix are crucial in the choice of cell migration mode and which mechanotransduction mechanism the cell might use, we develop a finite element model. From our simulations, we identify two different possible mechanotransduction mechanisms that could regulate the cell to switch from a lobopodial to a lamellipodial migration mode. The first relies on a differential pressure increase inside the cytoplasm while the cell contracts, and the second relies on a change in the fluid flow direction in non-linearly elastic extracellular matrices but not in linearly elastic matrices. The biphasic nature of the cell has been determined to mediate this mechanism and the different behaviours of cells in linearly elastic and non-linearly elastic matrices

In silico mechano-chemical model of bone healing for the regeneration of critical defects: The effect of BMP-2

The healing of bone defects is a challenge for both tissue engineering and modern ortho- paedics. This problem has been addressed through the study of scaffold constructs com- bined with mechanoregulatory theories, disregarding the influence of chemical factors and their respective delivery devices. Of the chemical factors involved in the bone healing pro- cess, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) has been identified as one of the most power- ful osteoinductive proteins. The aim of this work is to develop and validate a mechano- chemical regulatory model to study the effect of BMP-2 on the healing of large bone defects in silico. We first collected a range of quantitative experimental data from the literature con- cerning the effects of BMP-2 on cellular activity, specifically proliferation, migration, differen- tiation, maturation and extracellular matrix production. These data were then used to define a model governed by mechano-chemical stimuli to simulate the healing of large bone de- fects under the following conditions: natural healing, an empty hydrogel implanted in the de- fect and a hydrogel soaked with BMP-2 implanted in the defect. For the latter condition, successful defect healing was predicted, in agreement with previous in vivo experiments. Further in vivo comparisons showed the potential of the model, which accurately predicted bone tissue formation during healing, bone tissue distribution across the defect and the quantity of bone inside the defect. The proposed mechano-chemical model also estimated the effect of BMP-2 on cells and the evolution of healing in large bone defects. This novel in silico tool provides valuable insight for bone tissue regeneration strategies

Estudio de la capacidad estabilizadora del peroné en fracturas de tibia de conejo

El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la capacidad estabilizadora del peroné en fracturas de tibia. Si dicha capacidad es suficiente, sería posible evitar el uso de sistemas de fijación en los experimentos de laboratorio con este tipo de fracturas. Para comprobarlo se ha realizado una simulación computacional por elementos finitos de la tibia y el peroné de un conejo, con una fractura en el tercio medio superior de la diáfisis sin ningún elemento estabilizador. El conjunto ha sido sometido a las cargas más desfavorables del proceso de salto comprobándose que en este caso el peroné fracturaría en su parte inferior del mismo modo que sucede en la experimentación en laboratorio

Papel de la emergencia en la gestión del problema social del anciano

Introduction: Currently, in our society there is an increase in the percentage of the population over 65 years of age. Zamora is in second place in Spain with regard to this data. The number of calls made to the 112 centre in Castilla y León, with a final diagnosis of a social problem, is increasing according to the register since 2016. Although it is not an urgent medical pathology, it generates the mobilization of emergency health resources and the situation is increasing in the same way; taking into account that resources are limited, can there be an imbalance between the demand and the services offered? Is the EMU the final solution in the global management of the social problem? To analyse, in Zamora, that the increase of this population, entails an increase of final diagnoses: social problem; 2. To demonstrate that the use of the resources that currently exist for the global management of the problem is not sufficient, generates an overload of the Emergency Services and affects the sustainability of the Spanish Health System; 3. Methods: Descriptive observational study of the population over 65 years of age in Zamora who made calls to 112 in Castile and Leon and whose diagnosis was considered a social problem from January 2106 to September 2019. Results: Increase of 52 incidents with “social problem”.The frequency is higher in men than in women. More than half of the 60 EMU interventions were discharged on site. Conclusions The over-demand of emergency services may lead to the dilemma “The tragedy of the commons”, described by Garrett Hardin in 1968. Therefore, good orientation, education and training in social and health care, and the development of a plan with resources such as a multidisciplinary referral service: “Social Unit”, would increase the efficiency of care for the elderly with social problems.Introducción. - Actualmente, en nuestra sociedad hay un aumento del porcentaje de la población mayor de 65 años. Zamora se sitúa en segundo puesto de España referente a este dato. El número de llamadas realizadas al centro 112 de Castilla y León, con diagnóstico final problema social, va aumentando según el registro desde 2016. A pesar de no ser una patología médica urgente, genera movilización de recursos sanitarios de urgencia y la situación va in crescendo de la misma forma; teniendo en cuenta que los recursos son limitados, ¿puede producirse un desequilibrio entre la demanda y los servicios ofertados? ¿En la gestión global del problema social es la UME la solución final? Objetivos. - 1. Analizar, en Zamora, que el incremento de esta población, conlleva el aumento de diagnósticos finales: problema social; 2. Demostrar que la utilización de los recursos que existen en la actualidad para la gestión global del problema no es suficiente, genera sobrecarga de los Servicios de Urgencia y afecta a la sostenibilidad del Sistema Sanitario español; 3. Proponer soluciones alternativas. Método. - Estudio descriptivo observacional de la población mayor de 65 años de Zamora que realizó llamadas al 112 de Castilla y León cuyo diagnóstico fue considerado: problema social, desde enero de 2106 a septiembre de 2019. Resultados. - aumento de 52 incidentes con “problema social”. La frecuencia es mayor en hombres que en mujeres. De las 60 intervenciones de la UME, más de la mitad fueron dados de alta in situ. Conclusiones La sobredemanda de servicios de Urgencias y Emergencias, puede desembocar en el dilema “La tragedia de los comunes”, descrito por Garrett Hardin en 1968. Por tanto, una buena orientación, educación y formación sociosanitaria, y la elaboración de un Plan con recursos tipo servicio multidisciplinar de derivación: “Unidad Social”, aumentaría la eficiencia de la atención al anciano con problema social

Primeros datos del magmatismo pérmico medio-superior del SE de la Cordillera Ibérica: caracterización y comparación con magmatismos contemporáneos del Tethys occidental

A multiple basic to intermediate sill is reported for the first time in the south-eastern Iberian Ranges. It is composed of several tabular to irregular levels intercalated within the fluvial sediments of the Alcotas Formation (Middle-Upper Permian). The sill could represent the youngest Paleozoic subvolcanic intrusion in the Iberian Ranges. The igneous rocks are classified as basaltic andesites. They show a subophitic microstructure constituted by plagioclase (An62 – An6), augite (En48Wo44Fs7 –En46Wo39Fs15), pseudomorphosed olivine, minor amounts of oxides (magnetite and ilmenite) and accessory F-apatite. According to the mineralogy and whole-rock composition, their geochemical affinity is transitional from subalkaline to alkaline. Radiometric dating of the sill is not feasible due to its significant alteration. Field criteria, however, suggest an emplacement coeval to the deposition of the Alcotas Formation (Middle-Upper Permian). This hypothesis is supported by the transitional affinity of these rocks, similar to other Middle-Upper Permian magmatisms in the western Tethys, e.g., from the Pyrenees. Taking into account their isotopic signature (εSr: -6.8 to -9.2; εNd: +1.7 to +8.3), an enriched mantle source with the involvement of a HIMU component has been identified. This interpretation is supported by the trace element contents. Some of these HIMU characteristics have been recognised in the Middle-Upper Permian magmatisms of the Central Pyrenees (Anayet Basin) and the High Atlas (Argana Basin). However, none of these source features are shared with other Middle-Upper Permian magmatisms of the western Tethys (Catalonian Coastal Ranges, Corsica-Sardinia and southern France), nor with the Lower Permian magmatism of the Iberian Ranges. These differences support the presence of a heterogeneous mantle in the western Tethys during the Permian.Se describe por primera vez en el sudeste de la Cordillera Ibérica un sill múltiple de carácter básico a intermedio. Está compuesto por varios cuerpos tabulares a irregulares intercalados entre los sedimentos de origen fluvial de la Formación Alcotas (Pérmico Medio-Superior). El sill podría representar la intrusión subvolcánica paleozoica más reciente en la Cordillera Ibérica. Estas rocas subvolcánicas se clasifican como andesitas basálticas. Muestran una textura subofítica constituida por plagioclasa (An62 – An6), augita (En48Wo44Fs7 –En46Wo39Fs15), pseudomorfos de olivino, minerales opacos (magnetita e ilmenita) y F-apatito accesorio. De acuerdo con su composición mineral y de roca total, su afinidad geoquímica es transicional entre subalcalina y alcalina. La datación radiométrica del sill no es posible debido a su elevado grado de alteración. No obstante, los criterios de campo sugieren un emplazamiento contemporáneo con el depósito de la Formación Alcotas (Pérmico Medio-Superior). Esta hipótesis está apoyada por la afinidad transicional de estas rocas, similar a otros episodios magmáticos del Pérmico Medio-Superior en el Tethys occidental, como los que afloran en los Pirineos. Teniendo en cuenta su signatura isotópica (εSr: -6.8 a -9.2; εNd: +1.7 a +8.3), se propone un origen a partir de un manto enriquecido, con la participación de un componente de tipo HIMU. Esta interpretación está apoyada por sus contenidos en elementos traza. Algunas de estas características del protolito han sido reconocidas en los magmatismos del Pérmico Medio-Superior del Pirineo (cuenca del Anayet) y del Alto Atlas (cuenca de Argana), pero no son habituales en otros magmatismos de edad Pérmico Medio-Superior del Tethys occidental (Cadenas Costero Catalanas, Córcega-Cerdeña y Sur de Francia), ni en el magmatismo Pérmico Inferior de la Cordillera Ibérica. Estas diferencias apoyan la presencia de un manto heterogéneo en el Tethys occidental durante el Pérmico

Modifiable risk factors associated with prediabetes in men and women: A cross-sectional analysis of the cohort study in primary health care on the evolution of patients with prediabetes

Background: Prediabetes is a high-risk state for diabetes development, but little is known about the factors associated with this state. The aim of the study was to identify modifiable risk factors associated with the presence of prediabetes in men and women. Methods: Cohort Study in Primary Health Care on the Evolution of Patients with Prediabetes (PREDAPS-Study) is a prospective study on a cohort of 1184 subjects with prediabetes and another cohort of 838 subjects without glucose metabolism disorders. It is being conducted by 125 general practitioners in Spain. Data for this analysis were collected during the baseline stage in 2012. The modifiable risk factors included were: smoking habit, alcohol consumption, low physical activity, inadequate diet, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity. To assess independent association between each factor and prediabetes, odds ratios (ORs) were estimated using logistic regression models. Results: Abdominal obesity, low plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol), and hypertension were independently associated with the presence of prediabetes in both men and women. After adjusting for all factors, the respective ORs (95% Confidence Intervals) were 1.98 (1.41-2.79), 1.88 (1.23-2.88) and 1.86 (1.39-2.51) for men, and 1.89 (1.36-2.62), 1.58 (1.12-2.23) and 1.44 (1.07-1.92) for women. Also, general obesity was a risk factor in both sexes but did not reach statistical significance among men, after adjusting for all factors. Risky alcohol consumption was a risk factor for prediabetes in men, OR 1.49 (1.00-2.24). Conclusions: Obesity, low HDL-cholesterol levels, and hypertension were modifiable risk factors independently related to the presence of prediabetes in both sexes. The magnitudes of the associations were stronger for men than women. Abdominal obesity in both men and women displayed the strongest association with prediabetes. The findings suggest that there are some differences between men and women, which should be taken into account when implementing specific recommendations to prevent or delay the onset of diabetes in adult population

Ideal cardiovascular health and inflammation in European adolescents: The HELENA study

Background and aims Inflammation plays a key role in atherosclerosis and this process seems to appear in childhood. The ideal cardiovascular health index (ICHI) has been inversely related to atherosclerotic plaque in adults. However, evidence regarding inflammation and ICHI in adolescents is scarce. The aim is to assess the association between ICHI and inflammation in European adolescents. Methods and results As many as 543 adolescents (251 boys and 292 girls) from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study, a cross-sectional multi-center study including 9 European countries, were measured. C-reactive protein (CRP), complement factors C3 and C4, leptin and white blood cell counts were used to compute an inflammatory score. Multilevel linear models and multilevel logistic regression were used to assess the association between ICHI and inflammation controlling by covariates. Higher ICHI was associated with a lower inflammatory score, as well as with several individual components, both in boys and girls (p < 0.01). In addition, adolescents with at least 4 ideal components of the ICHI had significantly lower inflammatory score and lower levels of the study biomarkers, except CRP. Finally, the multilevel logistic regression showed that for every unit increase in the ICHI, the probability of having an inflammatory profile decreased by 28.1% in girls. Conclusion Results from this study suggest that a better ICHI is associated with a lower inflammatory profile already in adolescence. Improving these health behaviors, and health factors included in the ICHI, could play an important role in CVD prevention

7th Drug hypersensitivity meeting: part two

No abstract availabl

CIBERER : Spanish national network for research on rare diseases: A highly productive collaborative initiative

Altres ajuts: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red) is a public national consortium created in 2006 under the umbrella of the Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII). This innovative research structure comprises 11 different specific areas dedicated to the main public health priorities in the National Health System. CIBERER, the thematic area of CIBER focused on rare diseases (RDs) currently consists of 75 research groups belonging to universities, research centers, and hospitals of the entire country. CIBERER's mission is to be a center prioritizing and favoring collaboration and cooperation between biomedical and clinical research groups, with special emphasis on the aspects of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cellular research of RDs. This research is the basis for providing new tools for the diagnosis and therapy of low-prevalence diseases, in line with the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) objectives, thus favoring translational research between the scientific environment of the laboratory and the clinical setting of health centers. In this article, we intend to review CIBERER's 15-year journey and summarize the main results obtained in terms of internationalization, scientific production, contributions toward the discovery of new therapies and novel genes associated to diseases, cooperation with patients' associations and many other topics related to RD research