Eficiência de drenagem de um modelo de pavimento de concreto permeável sob chuva natural

The growth of the cities brings about the construction of houses, paved streets, sidewalks and several other impermeable buildings. Thus, a consequence of the urbanization is a greater rainwater surface runoff. Faced with this problem, it is necessary to find practices that improve the urban drainage operation. The present paper aims to evaluate the drainage efficiency of a permeable concrete pavement model under natural rainfall. The flexural tensile strength and the permeability of the permeable concrete were evaluated. Also, a permeable pavement model was built with proper design of the bedding and aggregate layers. This model made it possible to collect the surface runoff generated and thus, by relating these data to natural rainfall, it was possible to calculate the runoff coefficient of the permeable pavement. The permeability coefficient of the permeable pavement was 1,5∙10-2 m/s. The results of flexural tensile strength and concrete permeability coefficient were 1,72 MPa and 1,8∙10-2 m/s. The mean runoff coefficient was 0,024. Therefore, this work shows the efficiency of the permeable concrete pavement model in reducing surface runoff.O crescimento das cidades traz consigo a construção de moradias, ruas asfaltadas, calçadas e diversas outras construções impermeáveis sobre o solo. Assim, a urbanização tem como uma das consequências o aumento do escoamento superficial da água da chuva. Perante essa problemática é preciso encontrar práticas que melhorem o funcionamento da drenagem urbana. Deste modo, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a eficiência de drenagem de um modelo de pavimento de concreto permeável submetido à chuva natural. Inicialmente foram produzidos blocos de concreto permeável e avaliada a resistência à tração na flexão e a permeabilidade. Posteriormente foi construído um modelo de pavimento permeável, com o devido dimensionamento das camadas de assentamento e de base e com dispositivos de coleta da água do escoamento superficial no pavimento. Os dados de escoamento superficial foram relacionados com os dados de chuva natural para o cálculo do coeficiente de escoamento superficial deste pavimento permeável. Também foi determinado o coeficiente de permeabilidade do pavimento, que apresentou um valor de 1,5∙10-2 m/s. Os resultados de resistência à tração na flexão e coeficiente de permeabilidade do concreto foram de 1,72 MPa e 1,8∙10-2 m/s, respectivamente. O coeficiente de escoamento superficial médio foi de 0,024, o que demonstra a eficiência do modelo de pavimento de concreto permeável na redução do escoamento superficial

IMPACTO DA PANDEMIA NA QUALIDADE DE VIDA DE INTEGRANTES DO ENSINO SUPERIOR DO MARANHÃO

Objective: Identify the impact of social isolation on the quality of life of the academic community (students, teachers and administrative staff) of a public university in Maranhão during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods: Cross-sectional study, sample of 436 respondents composed of 298 (68.3%) students, 95 (21.8%) teachers, 43 (9.9%) administrative staff. To assess quality of life, the WHOQOL-bref questionnaire and questions about screen time and physical activity before and during the pandemic were applied virtually. Mean descriptive values, standard deviation, percentage and Chi-Square test were used for descriptive analysis, considering significant differences, p value <0.05. RESULTS: In the physical, psychological, and environmental domains, students, teachers and public servants were within the regular classification, in the social relations domain, only male teachers were classified as good, all others were in the regular classification. Regarding the practice of exercises, there is a reduction during the pandemic and an increase in screen time. Conclusions: Social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on the behavior of the investigated academic community, especially with regard to the quality of life shown in the physical, psychological and environmental domains, in addition to the longer screen time and reduced practice of physical activity.Objetivo: Identificar el impacto del aislamiento social en la calidad de vida de la comunidad académica (estudiantes, profesores y personal administrativo) de una universidad pública de Maranhão durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: Estudio transversal, muestra de 436 encuestados compuesta por 298 (68,3%) estudiantes, 95 (21,8%) docentes, 43 (9,9%) servidores administrativos. Para evaluar la calidad de vida, se aplicó de manera virtual el cuestionario WHOQOL-bref, preguntas sobre el tiempo de pantalla y la actividad física antes y durante la pandemia. Se utilizó el análisis descriptivo para los valores de media, desviación estándar, porcentaje y prueba de Chi-Cuadrado, considerando como diferencias significativas, el valor p <0,05. Resultados: En el dominio físico, psicológico y ambiental, estudiantes, docentes y funcionarios estuvieron dentro de la clasificación regular, en el dominio de las relaciones sociales, sólo los maestros varones calificaron con el bien, todos los demás estuvieron en la clasificación regular. Con respecto a la práctica de ejercicios, hay una reducción durante la pandemia y un aumento en el tiempo de pantalla. Conclusiones: El aislamiento social durante la pandemia de COVID-19 tuvo un impacto en el comportamiento de la comunidad académica investigada, especialmente en lo que respecta a la calidad de vida evidenciada en los dominios físico, psicológico y ambiental, además de mayor tiempo de pantalla y reducción en la práctica de actividad física.Objetivo: Identificar o impacto do isolamento social na qualidade de vida da comunidade acadêmica (estudantes, docentes e servidores administrativos) de uma universidade pública do Maranhão durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos: Estudo transversal, amostra de 436 respondentes composta por 298 (68,3%) estudantes, 95 (21,8%) docentes, 43 (9,9%) servidores administrativos. Para avaliar a qualidade de vida, foi aplicado virtualmente o questionário WHOQOL-bref, questões sobre tempo em tela e prática de atividade física antes e durante a pandemia. Empregou-se para análise descritiva valores de média, desvio padrão, porcentagem e teste Qui-Quadrado, considerando-se como diferenças significantes, p-valor <0,05. Resultados: No domínio físico, psicológico, e meio ambiente os estudantes, docentes e servidores ficaram dentro da classificação regular, no domínio relações sociais, apenas os docentes do sexo masculino se classificaram com boa, todos outros ficaram na classificação regular. Com relação a prática de exercícios nota-se uma redução durante a pandemia e uma elevação no tempo de tela. Conclusões: O isolamento social durante a pandemia de COVID-19 teve um impacto no comportamento da comunidade acadêmica investigada em especial quanto a qualidade de vida evidenciado nos domínios físico, psicológico e do meio ambiente, além do maior tempo em tela e redução da prática da atividade física

Análise da eficácia do uso terapêutico da trimetazidina nas principais síndromes coronarianas agudas

A injúria de reperfusão, ou isquemia, é um mecanismo fisiopatológico que ocorre nas etiopatogenias do miocárdio, como na angina instável. Assim, são utilizados fármacos adjuvantes citoprotetores, como a trimetazidina (TMZ), que visam à diminuição do tempo de hospitalização e melhora na função cardíaca com ação profilática contra essa lesão. No entanto, apesar dos seus potenciais benefícios no tratamento da síndrome coronariana aguda, ainda não está clara a sua eficácia em relação a outras terapias disponíveis. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do estudo é analisar a eficácia do uso terapêutico da trimetazidina nas principais síndromes coronarianas agudas. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática usando as bases de dados PubMed, Cochrane Library e Embase. Um total de 3 estudos foi incluído na análise. Os resultados mostraram que a terapia com trimetazidina reduziu significativamente a incidência de eventos cardíacos adversos maiores (ECAM) (OR = 0,33, IC 95% 0,15-0,75, p = 0,007), menor dano miocárdico (p < 0,05) e fração de ejeção ventricular esquerda mais elevada e menos eventos adversos em comparação com o grupo placebo (p < 0,05). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos de trimetazidina e controle em termos de mortalidade por todas as causas, mortalidade cardiovascular ou incidência de eventos adversos. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que a terapia adjuvante com trimetazidina pode melhorar os resultados clínicos e a função cardíaca em pacientes com IAM sem aumentar o risco de eventos adversos. No entanto, são necessários mais ensaios clínicos randomizados em larga escala para confirmar esses resultados e determinar a duração e dose ideais da terapia com trimetazidina nessa população de pacientes

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Desenvolvimento de eletrodos compósitos modificados a partir da eletrodeposição de filmes metálicos para determinação de sulfeto em amostras da indústria de petróleo

O petróleo é uma mistura de substâncias orgânicas, principalmente hidrocarbonetos, e contém impurezas como compostos de enxofre e nitrogênio. A presença dessas impurezas pode levar a diversos problemas desde a exploração do reservatório, até sua explotação e refino. O sulfeto é um dos compostos de enxofre mais encontrado no petróleo e sua presença pode gerar consequência aos tubos durante a retirada do petróleo, como corrosão e incrustação, além de envenenamento de catalisadores na indústria. Por isso, a sua determinação e remoção são de grande importância para diversos setores da indústria do petróleo e diversas técnicas e abordagens vêm sendo estudadas para este fim. No presente trabalho foi desenvolvido um eletrodo compósito modificado, através da eletrodeposição de filmes metálicos, para a quantificação de íons como o sulfeto, através de técnicas voltamétricas, em amostras da indústria do petróleo. Uma metodologia foi desenvolvida para eletrodeposição dos filmes, além de estudos para aplicação dos eletrodos modificados para o estudo da cinética e eficiência de sequestrantes de H2S como meio de remoção do sulfetoOil can be defined as mixture of organic substances, mainly hydrocarbons, and a large number of contaminants such as sulfur and nitrogen compounds. These contaminants can bring problems since the exploration to the refining of petroleum. Sulfide is one of the most common sulfur compound found in oil and his presence on the gathering of oil, can cause consequences like corrosion, scales and even poisoning of catalysts on the industry. Your quantification and removal is an important step in the oil industry, and so, a number of technics have been studied for this matter. The present work intends to develop a modified composite electrode, with an electrochemically generate metal layer, to the quantification of ions like sulfide, thought voltammetry, in samples from oil industry. The methodology for electrochemically generate metal layers will be develop, and the application of the modified electrodes to the study of efficiency and kinetic of H2S scavengers for removal of sulfide will be determine

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in street dust of Rio de Janeiro and Niterói, Brazil: particle size distribution, sources and cancer risk assessment

CNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORFAPERJ - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO A PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIROFifteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed in two fractions (< 63 μm and 63–850 μm) of street dust samples collected in different urban areas of Rio de Janeiro and Niterói cities, Brazil. Individual PAH concentrations and total PAH conc599 - 600305313CNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORFAPERJ - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO A PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIROCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORFAPERJ - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO A PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO309981/2014-0sem informaçãoE-26/111-366/201

Medium-sized and large mammals of the Floresta da Cicuta Area of Relevant Ecological Interest, a protected area in southeastern Brazil

The Atlantic Forest is one of the most biodiverse biomes in the world and has been severely degraded and fragmented, with the extirpation of most medium-sized and large vertebrates from the forest remnants. Here we present the results of a survey of medium-sized and large mammals in an area of protected seasonal semideciduous forest, the Floresta da Cicuta Area of Relevant Ecological Interest (ARIE-FC), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, part the Atlantic Forest biome. We used camera traps (2,257 camera days) and direct observations over a 23-month period. We recorded 19 species (including two domestic species), seven of which are classified as at-risk, such as Leopardus guttulus (Hensel, 1872), Sylvilagus tapetillus Thomas, 1913, Alouatta clamitans Cabrera, 1940, and Chrysocyon brachyurus (Illiger, 1815). A diverse terrestrial mammal assemblage in the ARIE-FC reinforces the importance of small forest fragments for the conservation of biodiversity in human-modified landscapes of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Serologic survey for selected infectious diseases in free-racing Brazilian tapirs (Tapirus terrestris) in the cerrado of central Brazil

From September 2000 to January 2002, a serologic survey was conducted in a population of free-ranging Brazilian tapirs (Tapirus terrestris) inhabiting Emas National Park and surrounding areas in Goiás state, central Brazil, as part of an ecologic study. Ten tapirs were immobilized with a tiletamine–zolazepam combination, and blood samples were collected. All sera were negative for Leptospira spp., Brucella abortus, and equine infectious anemia; and one of 10 animals was positive for Toxoplasma gondii. This report represents the first serologic survey for selected infectious diseases in a free-ranging population of Brazilians tapirs in central Brazi

SEROLOGIC SURVEY FOR SELECTED INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN FREE-RANGING BRAZILIAN TAPIRS (TAPIRUS TERRESTRIS) IN THE CERRADO OF CENTRAL BRAZIL

From September 2000 to January 2002, a serologic survey was conducted in a population of free-ranging Brazilian tapirs (Tapirus terrestris) inhabiting Emas National Park and surrounding areas in Goias state. central Brazil, as part of an ecologic study. Ten tapirs were immobilized with a tiletamine-zolazepam combination. and blood samples were collected. All sera were negative for Leptospira spp.. Brucella abortus, and equine infectious anemia; and one of 10 animals was positive for Toxoplasma goudii. This report represents the first serologic survey for selected infectious diseases in a free-ranging population or Brazilians tapirs in central Brazil.Fundo Nacional do Meio Ambiente-MMAMemphis Zo

Integrative Analysis of the Ethanol Tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Ethanol (EtOH) alters many cellular processes in yeast. An integrated view of different EtOH-tolerant phenotypes and their long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is not yet available. Here, large-scale data integration showed the core EtOH-responsive pathways, lncRNAs, and triggers of higher (HT) and lower (LT) EtOH-tolerant phenotypes. LncRNAs act in a strain-specific manner in the EtOH stress response. Network and omics analyses revealed that cells prepare for stress relief by favoring activation of life-essential systems. Therefore, longevity, peroxisomal, energy, lipid, and RNA/protein metabolisms are the core processes that drive EtOH tolerance. By integrating omics, network analysis, and several other experiments, we showed how the HT and LT phenotypes may arise: (1) the divergence occurs after cell signaling reaches the longevity and peroxisomal pathways, with CTA1 and ROS playing key roles; (2) signals reaching essential ribosomal and RNA pathways via SUI2 enhance the divergence; (3) specific lipid metabolism pathways also act on phenotype-specific profiles; (4) HTs take greater advantage of degradation and membraneless structures to cope with EtOH stress; and (5) our EtOH stress-buffering model suggests that diauxic shift drives EtOH buffering through an energy burst, mainly in HTs. Finally, critical genes, pathways, and the first models including lncRNAs to describe nuances of EtOH tolerance are reported here