A política urbana em Madri: um relato provisório

Different stages of urban policies in Madris is our central reflexion of this article, trying to identify periods of internal coherence according to the city model pursuit and the actions developed. The description of actions is completed with an analysis of main key points in order to understand the difference and similitudes of the city model implemented by different governments even from the same party. Therefore, different factors are taken into account: if urban policiy is centered in the internal logic of the city, or if by contrary is oriented to a global context; if city is thought as a political space or mainly as a place for beneficts, or if the leadership of the different stages is local or is belongs to other government levels.El artículo reflexiona sobre las diferentes etapas por las que ha transcurrido la política urbana de la ciudad de Madrid, tratando de delimitar fases que presenten coherencia interna respecto del modelo de ciudad que se persigue y las acciones que se impulsan. La descripción de acciones se completa con una reflexión sobre las claves que permitirían entender las diferencias y similitudes en el modelo de ciudad que plantean distintos gobiernos que pertenecen al mismo partido político. Así se consideran diversos factores: si la política urbana se concentra en la lógica interna de la propia ciudad o se orienta hacia una lógica global; si se considera la ciudad como un espacio político o como un espacio de oportunidades económicas o si el protagonismo o liderazgo de las distintas fases es local o de otros niveles de gobierno.O artigo reflexiona sobre as diferentes etapas pelas quais transcorreu a política urbana da cidade de Madri, buscando delimitar fases que apresentem coerência interna face ao modelo de cidade buscado e as ações impulsionadas. A descrição das ações completa-se com uma reflexão sobre as principais dimensões que permitiriam entender as diferenças e similaridades no modelo de cidade defendido por governos diferentes pertencentes ao mesmo partido político. Consideram-se, desse modo, os seguintes fatores: se a política urbana concentra-se na lógica interna da própria cidade ou se orienta à uma lógica global; se a cidade é considerada como um espaço político ou como um espaço de oportunidades econômicas; ou se o protagonismo ou liderança das diversas fases é local ou de outros níveis de governo

Lo urbano y lo político: el caso español

Introducción

Creación de un Laboratorio de Análisis Socio-Político de América Latina (AMELAT -LAB)

El objetivo principal de este proyecto era crear un espacio de colaboración entre estudiantes, investigadores y profesores para el análisis y comprensión de problemáticas y fenómenos sociales y politicos actuales en América Latina

Computational and Experimental Evaluation of the Immune Response of Neoantigens for Personalized Vaccine Design

In the last few years, the importance of neoantigens in the development of personalized antitumor vaccines has increased remarkably. In order to study whether bioinformatic tools are effective in detecting neoantigens that generate an immune response, DNA samples from patients with cutaneous melanoma in different stages were obtained, resulting in a total of 6048 potential neoantigens gathered. Thereafter, the immunological responses generated by some of those neoantigens ex vivo were tested, using a vaccine designed by a new optimization approach and encapsulated in nanoparticles. Our bioinformatic analysis indicated that no differences were found between the number of neoantigens and that of non-mutated sequences detected as potential binders by IEDB tools. However, those tools were able to highlight neoantigens over non-mutated peptides in HLA-II recognition (p-value 0.03). However, neither HLA-I binding affinity (p-value 0.08) nor Class I immunogenicity values (p-value 0.96) indicated significant differences for the latter parameters. Subsequently, the new vaccine, using aggregative functions and combinatorial optimization, was designed. The six best neoantigens were selected and formulated into two nanoparticles, with which the immune response ex vivo was evaluated, demonstrating a specific activation of the immune response. This study reinforces the use of bioinformatic tools in vaccine development, as their usefulness is proven both in silico and ex vivo.This work was supported by Basque Government funding (IT456-22; IT1448-22, IT693-22 and IT1524-22; ONKOVAC 2021111042), as well as by the UPV/EHU (GIU20/035; US21/27; US18/21; PIF18/295) and Basque Center of Applied Mathematics (US21/27 and US18/21)

Exacerbated atherosclerosis in progeria is prevented by progerin elimination in vascular smooth muscle cells but not endothelial cells

3 p.-2 fig.Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare disease caused by the expression of progerin, a mutant protein that accelerates aging and precipitates death. Given that atherosclerosis complications are the main cause of death in progeria, here, we investigated whether progerin-induced atherosclerosis is prevented in HGPSrev-Cdh5-CreERT2 and HGPSrev-SM22α-Cre mice with progerin suppression in endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), respectively. HGPSrev-Cdh5-CreERT2 mice were undistinguishable from HGPSrev mice with ubiquitous progerin expression, in contrast with the ameliorated progeroid phenotype of HGPSrev-SM22α-Cre mice. To study atherosclerosis, we generated atheroprone mouse models by overexpressing a PCSK9 gain-of-function mutant. While HGPSrev-Cdh5-CreERT2 and HGPSrev mice developed a similar level of excessive atherosclerosis, plaque development in HGPSrev-SM22α-Cre mice was reduced to wild-type levels. Our studies demonstrate that progerin suppression in VSMCs, but not in ECs, prevents exacerbated atherosclerosis in progeroid mice.Work supported by grant PID2022- 141211OB- I00 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033 and ERDF/EU. I.B. was supported by Comunidad de Madrid (2017- T1/BMD- 5247 and 2021- 5A/BMD- 20944) with cofunding from European Structural and Investment Fund, RYC2021- 033805- I (MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR), and PID2022- 137111OA- I00 (MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, ERDF/EU). Salary support to A.B. (BES- 2017- 079705, MICIU/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033, ESF), C.E.- E. (Fundación “la Caixa”, LCF/BQ/DR19/1170012), R.M.N (Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte, FPU16/05027), and M.R.H. (MICIU, IJC2019- 040798- I). CNIC is supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICIU), Pro-CNIC Foundation and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (grant CEX2020- 001041- S funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). Generation of anti- progerin antibody funded by Wellcome Trust (098291/Z/12/Z, 221699/Z/20/Z). Microscopy and Dynamic Imaging Unit- CNIC/ICTS- ReDib supported by ICTS- 2018- 04- CNIC- 16 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and ERDF–A way to make EuropePeer reviewe

QUIJOTE-CMB experiment: a technical overview

The QUIJOTE-CMB experiment (Q-U-I JOint TEnerife CMB experiment) is an ambitious project to obtain polarization measurements of the sky microwave emission in the 10 to 47 GHz range. With this aim, a pair of 2,5m telescopes and three instruments are being sited at the Teide Observatory, in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain). The first telescope and the first instrument (the MFI: Multi Frequency Instrument) are both already operating in the band from 10 to 20 GHz, since November 2012. The second telescope and the second instrument (TGI: Thirty GHz instrument) is planned to be in commissioning by the end of summer 2014, covering the range of 26 to 36 GHz. After that, a third instrument named FGI (Forty GHz instrument) will be designed and manufactured to complete the sky survey in the frequency range from 37 to 47 GHz. In this paper we present an overview of the whole project current status, from the technical point of view

The QUIJOTE experiment: project overview and first results

QUIJOTE (Q-U-I JOint TEnerife) is a new polarimeter aimed to characterize the polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background and other Galactic and extragalactic signals at medium and large angular scales in the frequency range 10-40 GHz. The multi-frequency (10-20~GHz) instrument, mounted on the first QUIJOTE telescope, saw first light on November 2012 from the Teide Observatory (2400~m a.s.l). During 2014 the second telescope has been installed at this observatory. A second instrument at 30~GHz will be ready for commissioning at this telescope during summer 2015, and a third additional instrument at 40~GHz is now being developed. These instruments will have nominal sensitivities to detect the B-mode polarization due to the primordial gravitational-wave component if the tensor-to-scalar ratio is larger than r=0.05.Comment: To appear in "Highlights of Spanish Astrophysics VIII", Proceedings of the XI Scientific Meeting of the Spanish Astronomical Society, Teruel, Spain (2014

The QUIJOTE TGI

The QUIJOTE TGI instrument is currently being assembled and tested at the IAC in Spain. The TGI is a 31 pixel 26-36 GHz polarimeter array designed to be mounted at the focus of the second QUIJOTE telescope. This follows a first telescope and multi-frequency instrument that have now been observing almost 2 years. The polarimeter design is based on the QUIET polarimeter scheme but with the addition of an extra 90º phase switch which allows for quasiinstantaneous complete QUI measurements through each detector. The advantage of this is a reduction in the systematics associated with differencing two independent radiometer channels. The polarimeters are split into a cold front end and a warm back end. The back end is a highly integrated design by engineers at DICOM. It is also sufficiently modular for testing purposes. In this presentation the high quality wide band components used in the optical design (also designed in DICOM) are presented as well as the novel cryogenic modular design. Each polarimeter chain is accessible individually and can be removed from the cryostat and replaced without having to move the remaining pixels. The optical components work over the complete Ka band showing excellent performance. Results from the sub unit measurements are presented and also a description of the novel calibration technique that allows for bandpass measurement and polar alignment. Terrestrial Calibration for this instrument is very important and will be carried out at three points in the commissioning phase: in the laboratory, at the telescope site and finally a reduce set of calibrations will be carried out on the telescope before measurements of extraterrestrial sources begin. The telescope pointing model is known to be more precise than the expected calibration precision so no further significant error will be added through the telescope optics. The integrated back-end components are presented showing the overall arrangement for mounting on the cryostat. Many of the microwave circuits are in-house designs with performances that go beyond commercially available products. Individual component performance is be presented showing for each of the sub modules