820 research outputs found
Regulatory module network of basic/helix-loop-helix transcription factors in mouse brain
A comprehensive regulatory module network of 15 bHLH transcription factors over 150 target genes in mouse brain has been constructed
Co
Different loading rates of photocatalysts Co3O4/C3N4 were prepared by calcination method. Their photocatalytic performances were evaluated by the degradation of methyl blue under visible light irradiation. The results show that the introduction of Co3O4 significantly improves the optical absorption properties of C3N4, which is beneficial to the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes on the surface of catalyst. The prepared Co3O4/C3N4 for visible photocatalytic degradation of methyl blue has higher catalytic efficiency than that of pure C3N4 or pure Co3O4. The best cobalt loading rate was 30% when the concentration of methylene blue was 40 mg/L. Recycling rate of 30% Co3O4/C3N4 composite catalyst was studied. After 4 cycles, the degradation rate was only slightly decreased from 86.8% to 82.8%, indicating the catalyst with good photostability and repeatability.nbs
Dynamic Functional Connectivity Predicts Treatment Response to Electroconvulsive Therapy in Major Depressive Disorder
Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the most effective treatments for major depressive disorder. Recently, there has been increasing attention to evaluate the effect of ECT on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). This study aims to compare rs-fMRI of depressive disorder (DEP) patients with healthy participants, investigate whether pre-ECT dynamic functional network connectivity network (dFNC) estimated from patients rs-fMRI is associated with an eventual ECT outcome, and explore the effect of ECT on brain network states. Method: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were collected from 119 patients with depression or depressive disorder (DEP) (76 females), and 61 healthy (HC) participants (34 females), with an age mean of 52.25 (N = 180) years old. The pre-ECT and post-ECT Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) were 25.59 ± 6.14 and 11.48 ± 9.07, respectively. Twenty-four independent components from default mode (DMN) and cognitive control network (CCN) were extracted, using group-independent component analysis from pre-ECT and post-ECT rs-fMRI. Then, the sliding window approach was used to estimate the pre-and post-ECT dFNC of each subject. Next, k-means clustering was separately applied to pre-ECT dFNC and post-ECT dFNC to assess three distinct states from each participant. We calculated the amount of time each subject spends in each state, which is called “occupancy rate” or OCR. Next, we compared OCR values between HC and DEP participants. We also calculated the partial correlation between pre-ECT OCRs and HDRS change while controlling for age, gender, and site. Finally, we evaluated the effectiveness of ECT by comparing pre- and post-ECT OCR of DEP and HC participants. Results: The main findings include (1) depressive disorder (DEP) patients had significantly lower OCR values than the HC group in state 2, where connectivity between cognitive control network (CCN) and default mode network (DMN) was relatively higher than other states (corrected p = 0.015), (2) Pre-ECT OCR of state, with more negative connectivity between CCN and DMN components, is linked with the HDRS changes (R = 0.23 corrected p = 0.03). This means that those DEP patients who spent less time in this state showed more HDRS change, and (3) The post-ECT OCR analysis suggested that ECT increased the amount of time DEP patients spent in state 2 (corrected p = 0.03). Conclusion: Our finding suggests that dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) features, estimated from CCN and DMN, show promise as a predictive biomarker of the ECT outcome of DEP patients. Also, this study identifies a possible underlying mechanism associated with the ECT effect on DEP patients
ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 5-KIP-RELATED PROTEIN 1-SHOOT MERISTEMLESS modulates reproductive development of Arabidopsis
Soil (or plant) water deficit accelerates plant reproduction. However, the underpinning molecular mechanisms remain unknown. By modulating cell division/number, ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5), a key bZIP (basic (region) leucine zippers) transcription factor, regulates both seed development and abiotic stress responses. The KIP-RELATED PROTEIN (KRP) cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) play an essential role in controlling cell division, and SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM) plays a key role in the specification of flower meristem identity. Here, our findings show that abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and/or metabolism in adjust reproductive outputs (such as rosette leaf number and open flower number) under water-deficient conditions in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants. Reproductive outputs increased under water-sufficient conditions but decreased under water-deficient conditions in the ABA signaling/metabolism mutants abscisic acid2-1 (aba2-1), aba2-11, abscisic acid insensitive3-1 (abi3-1), abi4-1, abi5-7, and abi5-8. Further, under water-deficient conditions, ABA induced-ABI5 directly bound to the promoter of KRP1, which encodes a CDK that plays an essential role in controlling cell division, and this binding subsequently activated KRP1 expression. In turn, KRP1 physically interacted with STM, which functions in the specification of flower meristem identity, promoting STM degradation. We further demonstrate that reproductive outputs are adjusted by the ABI5–KRP1–STM molecular module under water-deficient conditions. Together, our findings reveal the molecular mechanism by which ABA signaling and/or metabolism regulate reproductive development under water-deficient conditions. These findings provide insights that may help guide crop yield improvement under water deficiency
COLD GASS, an IRAM legacy survey of molecular gas in massive galaxies: I. Relations between H2, HI, stellar content and structural properties
We are conducting COLD GASS, a legacy survey for molecular gas in nearby
galaxies. Using the IRAM 30m telescope, we measure the CO(1-0) line in a sample
of ~350 nearby (D=100-200 Mpc), massive galaxies (log(M*/Msun)>10.0). The
sample is selected purely according to stellar mass, and therefore provides an
unbiased view of molecular gas in these systems. By combining the IRAM data
with SDSS photometry and spectroscopy, GALEX imaging and high-quality Arecibo
HI data, we investigate the partition of condensed baryons between stars,
atomic gas and molecular gas in 0.1-10L* galaxies. In this paper, we present CO
luminosities and molecular hydrogen masses for the first 222 galaxies. The
overall CO detection rate is 54%, but our survey also uncovers the existence of
sharp thresholds in galaxy structural parameters such as stellar mass surface
density and concentration index, below which all galaxies have a measurable
cold gas component but above which the detection rate of the CO line drops
suddenly. The mean molecular gas fraction MH2/M* of the CO detections is
0.066+/-0.039, and this fraction does not depend on stellar mass, but is a
strong function of NUV-r colour. Through stacking, we set a firm upper limit of
MH2/M*=0.0016+/-0.0005 for red galaxies with NUV-r>5.0. The average
molecular-to-atomic hydrogen ratio in present-day galaxies is 0.3, with
significant scatter from one galaxy to the next. The existence of strong
detection thresholds in both the HI and CO lines suggests that "quenching"
processes have occurred in these systems. Intriguingly, atomic gas strongly
dominates in the minority of galaxies with significant cold gas that lie above
these thresholds. This suggests that some re-accretion of gas may still be
possible following the quenching event.Comment: Accepted for publications in MNRAS. 32 pages, 25 figure
COLD GASS, an IRAM Legacy Survey of Molecular Gas in Massive Galaxies: II. The non-universality of the Molecular Gas Depletion Timescale
We study the relation between molecular gas and star formation in a
volume-limited sample of 222 galaxies from the COLD GASS survey, with
measurements of the CO(1-0) line from the IRAM 30m telescope. The galaxies are
at redshifts 0.025<z<0.05 and have stellar masses in the range
10.0<log(M*/Msun)<11.5. The IRAM measurements are complemented by deep Arecibo
HI observations and homogeneous SDSS and GALEX photometry. A reference sample
that includes both UV and far-IR data is used to calibrate our estimates of
star formation rates from the seven optical/UV bands. The mean molecular gas
depletion timescale, tdep(H2), for all the galaxies in our sample is 1 Gyr,
however tdep(H2) increases by a factor of 6 from a value of ~0.5 Gyr for
galaxies with stellar masses of 10^10 Msun to ~3 Gyr for galaxies with masses
of a few times 10^11 Msun. In contrast, the atomic gas depletion timescale
remains contant at a value of around 3 Gyr. This implies that in high mass
galaxies, molecular and atomic gas depletion timescales are comparable, but in
low mass galaxies, molecular gas is being consumed much more quickly than
atomic gas. The strongest dependences of tdep(H2) are on the stellar mass of
the galaxy (parameterized as log tdep(H2)= (0.36+/-0.07)(log M* -
10.70)+(9.03+/-0.99)), and on the specific star formation rate. A single
tdep(H2) versus sSFR relation is able to fit both "normal" star-forming
galaxies in our COLD GASS sample, as well as more extreme starburst galaxies
(LIRGs and ULIRGs), which have tdep(H2) < 10^8 yr. Normal galaxies at z=1-2 are
displaced with respect to the local galaxy population in the tdep(H2) versus
sSFR plane and have molecular gas depletion times that are a factor of 3-5
times longer at a given value of sSFR due to their significantly larger gas
fractions.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 19 pages, 11 figure
Study of and
The decays and have been
investigated with a sample of 225.2 million events collected with the
BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. The branching fractions are
determined to be and . Distributions of the angle
between the proton or anti-neutron and the beam direction are well
described by the form , and we find
for and
for . Our branching-fraction
results suggest a large phase angle between the strong and electromagnetic
amplitudes describing the decay.Comment: 16 pages, 13 figures, the 2nd version, submitted to PR
Precision measurement of the branching fractions of J/psi -> pi+pi-pi0 and psi' -> pi+pi-pi0
We study the decays of the J/psi and psi' mesons to pi+pi-pi0 using data
samples at both resonances collected with the BES III detector in 2009. We
measure the corresponding branching fractions with unprecedented precision and
provide mass spectra and Dalitz plots. The branching fraction for J/psi ->
pi+pi-pi0 is determined to be (2.137 +- 0.004 (stat.) +0.058-0.056 (syst.)
+0.027-0.026 (norm.))*10-2, and the branching fraction for psi' -> pi+pi-pi0 is
measured as (2.14 +- 0.03 (stat.) +0.08-0.07 (syst.) +0.09-0.08 (norm.))*10-4.
The J/psi decay is found to be dominated by an intermediate rho(770) state,
whereas the psi' decay is dominated by di-pion masses around 2.2 GeV/c2,
leading to strikingly different Dalitz distributions.Comment: 15 pages, 2 figure
First observation of the M1 transition
Using a sample of 106 million \psi(3686) events collected with the BESIII
detector at the BEPCII storage ring, we have made the first measurement of the
M1 transition between the radially excited charmonium S-wave spin-triplet and
the radially excited S-wave spin-singlet states: \psi(3686)\to\gamma\eta_c(2S).
Analyses of the processes \psi(2S)\to \gamma\eta_c(2S) with \eta_c(2S)\to
\K_S^0 K\pi and K^+K^-\pi^0 gave an \eta_c(2S) signal with a statistical
significance of greater than 10 standard deviations under a wide range of
assumptions about the signal and background properties. The data are used to
obtain measurements of the \eta_c(2S) mass (M(\eta_c(2S))=3637.6\pm
2.9_\mathrm{stat}\pm 1.6_\mathrm{sys} MeV/c^2), width
(\Gamma(\eta_c(2S))=16.9\pm 6.4_\mathrm{stat}\pm 4.8_\mathrm{sys} MeV), and the
product branching fraction (\BR(\psi(3686)\to \gamma\eta_c(2S))\times
\BR(\eta_c(2S)\to K\bar K\pi) = (1.30\pm 0.20_\mathrm{stat}\pm
0.30_\mathrm{sys})\times 10^{-5}). Combining our result with a BaBar
measurement of \BR(\eta_c(2S)\to K\bar K \pi), we find the branching fraction
of the M1 transition to be \BR(\psi(3686)\to\gamma\eta_c(2S)) = (6.8\pm
1.1_\mathrm{stat}\pm 4.5_\mathrm{sys})\times 10^{-4}.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure, 1 tabl
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