CCVD synthesis of carbon nanotubes with W/Co–MgO catalysts.

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) were synthesized from a H2–CH4 mixture with W/Co–MgO catalyst by a catalytic chemical vapour deposition (CCVD) method. Different W/Co ratios were investigated. From transmission electron microscopy observations, we observed that both the number of walls and the diameter of CNT increased with the proportion of tungsten. A promoter effect was observed as long as the proportion of tungsten was kept low and CNT with a number of walls ranging from 2 to 5 were obtained. With a higher proportion of tungsten, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) up to 10 walls were synthesised, together with additional undesirable carbon nanofibres

Lo épico, lo perspectivismo, el mestizaje y la picardía en los enfrentamientos entre el artista-investigador y el investigador-artista

Neste trabalho, apresento resumidamente elementos da minha tese de doutorado Épica, em perspectiva, miscigenada e malandra: mergulhos em processos criativos da Cia. Livre e da Cia. Teatro Balagan trazem à tona forma de produção do sujeito teatro de grupo paulistano, em que defendi que a forma de produção desenvolvida pelo sujeito histórico teatro de grupo paulistano é predominantemente épica e comporta elementos fundantes do denominado povo brasileiro: a miscigenação, o perspectivismo e a malandragem. Além disso, relato neste artigo algumas fricções ocorridas no processo de pesquisa, concernentes às relações estabelecidas entre o sujeito pesquisador e o objeto de pesquisa, fricções estas que foram determinantes para a forma final ensaística do trabalho.En este trabajo presento resumidamente elementos de la tesis de doctorado Épica, em perspectiva, miscigenada e malandra: mergulhos em processos criativos da Cia. Livre e da Cia. Teatro Balagan trazem à tona forma de produção do sujeito teatro de grupo paulistano [Épica, en perspectiva, mezclada y pícara: inmersiones en procesos creativos de la Cia. Livre y de la Cia. Teatro Balagan sacan a la luz forma de producción del sujeto teatro de grupo de la ciudad de São Paulo], en que defendí que la forma de producción desarrollada por el sujeto histórico teatro de grupo de la ciudad de São Paulo es predominantemente épica y comporta elementos fundantes del llamado pueblo brasileño: el mestizaje, lo perspectivismo y la picardía. Además, relato en este artículo algunos enfrentamientos ocurridos durante el proceso de investigación, concernientes a las relaciones establecidas entre el sujeto investigador y el objeto de investigación, enfrentamientos que fueron determinantes para la forma final ensayística del trabajo.In this paper, I briefly present elements of my PhD dissertation Épica, em perspectiva, miscigenada e malandra: mergulhos em processos criativos da Cia. Livre e da Cia. Teatro Balagan trazem à tona forma de produção do sujeito teatro de grupo paulistano [Epic, in perspective, miscegenated and malicious: immersions in creative processes of the Cia. Livre and of the Cia. Teatro Balagan bring to light production form of the subject São Paulo city theatre group], in which I argued that the form of production developed by the historical subject São Paulo city’s theater group is predominantly epic and contains fundamental elements of the so-called Brazilian people: miscegenation, perspectivism and rascality. In addition, I report in this article some frictions that occurred in the research process, concerning the relations established between the researcher subject and the research object, frictions that were decisive for the final essay form of the work

Evaluasi Pelaksanaan Asesment Autentik Dalam Pembelajaran Ekonomi di Sekolah Menengah Ata

This study aims to determine the implementation of authentic assessments in economics learning in accordance with the 2013 curriculum at Muaro Jambi 6th State Senior High School and also to see whether there are any obstacles to economics teachers when implementing the 2013 curriculum in implementing authentic assessments. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method using the stake evaluation model. Data collection techniques are in the form of observation, questionnaires, and literature studies on syllabus and lesson plans .The results of this study are (1) Authentic assessment procedures in economic learning are going well. At the planning stage, a percentage of 85.33% was obtained in the good category. At the implementation stage, a percentage of 77.7% was obtained in the sufficient category. At the yield stage, a percentage of 81.25% is obtained; (2) The teacher's constraints in implementing authentic assessment in economics learning are limited time constraints in one lesson, the many indicators of authentic assessment, and also the lack of student motivation in participating in innovative learning with authentic assessment and infrastructure that does not function properl

APLIKASI PENJADWALAN PELAJARAN DENGAN METODE ALGORITMA GENETIKA

Mata Pelajaran merupakan salah satu hal terpenting bagi pendidikan siswa-siswi guna menambah ilmu pengetahuan, penjadwalan mata pelajaran MI Wasilatut taqwa dilakukan pada setiap pergantian semester. Dalam proses penjadwalan sering mengalami kendala seperti, Guru mengajar lebih dari satu kali pada hari dan waktu yang bersamaan dan kelas yang mengikuti mata pelajaran lebih dari satu kali pada hari dan waktu yang bersamaan, sebagai alat bantu untuk menyelesaikan masalah yang ada pada penjadwalan pelajaran disesuaikan dengan beberapa batasan, antara lain guru tidak boleh mengajar lebih dari satu kali pada hari dan waktu yang bersamaan dan satu kelas tidak boleh mengikuti pelajaran lebih dari satu kali pada hari dan waktu yang bersamaan. Salah satu algoritma yang dapat digunakan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan penjadwalan adalah algoritma Genetika. Algoritma genetika adalah suatu algoritma pencarian yang berbasis pada mekanisme seleksi alam dan genetika, yang diadopsi dari teori evolusi. Dari hasil pegujian dengan menggunakan parameter jumlah generasi 100, jumlah populasi 4, probabilitas crossover 0.45 dan probabilitas mutasi 0.01 mendapatkan fitness terbaik 0.14

A atividade teatral paulistana no século XXI e o conceito de “forma de produção”

A partir da apreciação do trabalho de duas companhias teatrais da cidade de São Paulo: a Cia. Livre e a Cia. Teatro Balagan, propõe-se o conceito de “forma de produção”, contextualizado historicamente e determinante na atividade do chamado Movimento de Teatro Grupo Paulistano

Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical evaluation of Quassia undulata (Guill. & Perr.) D. Dietr. leaves using different solvent polarities

This study investigated solvent effects on the phytochemical composition of Quassia undulata leaves a medicinal plant used in treating arrays of diseases including fever and cough. The leaves were collected, washed, air-dried, pulverized and evaluated for some inherent phytochemicals using four different solvent systems based on their polarities. The solvents are methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate and chloroform. The methanol extract was found to have the highest number of secondary metabolites (saponins, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, coumarins, anthraquinones, alkaloids and phenols). None of the extracts tested positive for the presence of phlobatannins, terpenoids and emodins. The methanol extract was further analyzed quantitatively for some of the determined phytochemicals. Tannins had a concentration of 3.131 mg of catechin equivalents per 100 mg sample (mg CE/100g), alkaloids - 5.200 %, total phenolics - 11.828 mg of gallic acid equivalents per gram of extract (mg GAE/g), flavonoids - 8.074 mg of quercetin equivalents per gram of extract (mg QE/g) while 0.673 % saponins were detected. The presence of these secondary metabolites might justify the ethnomedicinal uses of Quassia undulata leaves as their bioactivity has been found to be dependent on the solvent used for extraction

Aluminum and iron can be deposited in the calcified matrix of bone exostoses.

Exostosis (or osteochondroma) is the most common benign bone tumor encountered in children and adults. Exostoses may occur as solitary or multiple tumors (in the autosomal syndromes of hereditary multiple exostoses). Exostoses are composed of cortical and medullary bone covered by an overlying hyaline cartilage cap. We have searched iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) in the matrix of cortical and trabecular bone of 30 patients with exostosis. Al3 + and Fe3 + are two cations which can substitute calcium in the hydroxyapatite crystals of the bone matrix. The bone samples were removed surgically and were studied undecalcified. Perls\u27 Prussian blue staining (for Fe) and solochrome azurine B (for Al) were used on the histological sections of the tumors. Al3 + was detected histochemically in 21/30 patients as linear bands deposited by the osteoblasts. Fe3 + was detected in 10 out of these 21 patients as linear bands in the same locations. Fe3 + and Al3 + were not identified in the bone matrix of a control group of 20 osteoporotic patients. Energy X-ray Dispersive Spectrometry failed to identify Fe and Al in bone of these tumors due to the low sensitivity of the method. Wavelength Dispersive Spectrometry identified them but the concentrations were very low. Histochemistry appears a very sensitive method for Fe3 + and Al3 + in bone.The presence of these two metals in the exostoses advocates for a disturbed metabolism of osteoblasts which can deposit these metals into the bone matrix, similar to which is observed in case of hemochromatosis with Fe3 +

Efficacy of dose-escalated chemoradiation on complete tumour response in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (RECTAL-BOOST); a phase 2 randomised controlled trial

Purpose Pathological complete tumour response following chemoradiation in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) is associated with favourable prognosis and allows organ-sparing treatment strategies. We aimed to investigate the effect of an external radiation boost to the tumour prior to chemoradiation on pathological or sustained clinical complete tumour response in LARC. Methods and materials This multicentre, non-blinded, phase 2, randomised controlled trial followed the trials within cohorts-design, which is a pragmatic trial design allowing cohort participants to be randomized for an experimental intervention. Patients in the intervention group are offered the intervention (and can accept or refuse this), whereas patients in the control group are not notified about the randomisation. Participants of a colorectal cancer cohort referred for chemoradiation of LARC to either of two radiotherapy centres were eligible. Patients were randomised to no boost or an external radiation boost (5 x 3 Gy) without concurrent chemotherapy directly followed by standard pelvic chemoradiation (25 x 2 Gy with concurrent capecitabine). The primary outcome was pathological complete response (pCR, i.e. ypT0N0) in patients with planned surgery at 12 weeks or, as surrogate for pCR, a 2-year sustained clinical complete response for patients treated with an organ preservation strategy. Analyses were intention to treat. The study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCTXXXXXX. Results Between Sept 2014 and July 2018, 128 patients were randomised. Fifty-one of the 64 (79.7%) patients in the intervention group accepted and received a boost. Compared with the control group, fewer patients in the intervention group had a cT4-stage and a low rectal tumour (31.3% versus 17.2% and 56.3% versus 45.3% respectively), and more patients had a cN2-stage (59.4% versus 70.3% respectively). Rate of pathological or sustained clinical complete tumour response was similar between the groups: 23 of 64 (35.9%, 95%CI 24.3-48.9) in the intervention group versus 24 of 64 (37.5%, 95%CI 25.7-50.5) in the control group (OR=0.94 95%CI 0.46-1.92). Near-complete or complete tumour regression was more common in the intervention group: 34 of 49 (69.4%) versus 24 of 53 (45.3%) in the control group (OR=2.74, 95%CI 1.21-6.18). Grade >3 acute toxicity was comparable: 6 of 64 (9.4%) in the intervention group versus 5 of 64 (7.8%) in the control group (OR=1.22 95%CI 0.35-4.22). Conclusion Dose escalation with an external radiotherapy boost to the tumour prior to neoadjuvant chemoradiation did not increase the pathological or sustained clinical complete tumour response rate in LARC