303 research outputs found
Materialities matter : An exploration of supported housing for people with mental health problems
Background: In the second half of the twentieth century, supported housing was founded as a comprehensive approach to people with mental health problems, who could receive help in the communities. These living places are situated in post-asylum geographies and differ not only in regard to the quality of healthcare services but also in regard to their ordinary materialities, such as surroundings, buildings, rooms and objects.
Aim: The aim of this thesis was to explore and understand how materialities in terms of the human–nonhuman interplay influence the living situations of people with mental health problems as tenants in supported housing. This overall research problem was addressed by three studies, each from a different angle.
Methods: Study I had an international focus and consisted of a mix-method literature review of studies on supported housing and the built environment. Studies II-III had a local focus and consisted of a multi-sited ethnography of seven supported housing settings in Norway. The analysis was informed by Grounded Theory approaches, whereby study II illuminated understandings of tenants expressed in materialistic, while study III examined the organisation and influences of materialities with respect to fire safety that were highlighted by the tenants themselves.
Findings: The findings of each study showed how materialities might influence the tenants’ living situations in various ways. To begin, the included literature in the mixmethod review indicated that the built environment is significant for tenants’ wellbeing, social identity and privacy, and it could thereby have different potentials for them regarding neighbourhood qualities and (congregate or independent) housing types. Then, the multi-sited Norwegian studies demonstrated that materialities of supported housing could present a blurry picture of tenants in a range from stereotypes to individuals. In addition, fire safety in terms of an all-embracing network could have ambiguous influences on tenants’ daily lives. Lastly, the studies together pointed out that materialities matter in multiple and contradicting ways. The materialities of supported housing that are involved in social interactions, relations and practices, as well as how they are experienced, shape the living situations of the tenants in ways that could be both limited and expanded. Nonetheless, the materialities of supported housing could make a contribution by placing tenants in relatively stable living situations and allowing them to create a meaningful place they could call home.
Conclusion: The thesis illuminated how materialities of supported housing matter for people with mental health problems in their daily lives. For those involved in the planning, building and administration of supported housing, it is important to consider the wholeness of these places in terms of both the inside and outside of supported housing. In other words, the surroundings, buildings, rooms and objects of supported housing are assembled in a broader social geography that could help tenants to express themselves as worth respecting citizens with their own identities. This social geography must therefore include ordinary materialities of supported housing as being arguably meaningful for people with mental health problems in the processes of their own becoming, both within healthcare services and in the spaces beyond them.publishedVersio
Géorisques côtiers : adaptation et perceptions des communautés côtières dans le golfe du Saint-Laurent
Le littoral du golfe du Saint-Laurent subit une érosion de plus en plus généralisée depuis plus d'une décennie. Les modifications des conditions environnementales, en partie liées au réchauffement climatique et aux perturbations anthropiques, seraient en bonne partie responsables de l'accroissement de l'érosion côtière. Certains changements environnementaux, tels le déficit sédimentaire des plages, la diminution de la couverture de glace, la hausse du niveau marin relatif et la subsidence augmentent la sensibilité des littoraux aux aléas côtiers. La forte concentration urbaine le long des littoraux du Québec soulève la question de la vulnérabilité des infrastructures et des communautés côtières. Les enjeux socio-économiques associés aux aléas côtiers concernent principalement la vulnérabilité des infrastructures résidentielles, commerciales, industrielles, de services, patrimoniales, routières, ferroviaires et portuaires. Mentionnons aussi les perturbations de certaines activités économiques et les dommages occasionnés aux défenses côtières sans oublier la hausse de leurs coûts d'entretien. Dans une optique de prévention des risques, la gestion intégrée du littoral semble primordiale. Les différents processus d'érosion doivent être bien compris. De plus, les changements climatiques apportent une inquiétude supplémentaire à cette problématique. Les changements possibles dans le régime des événements naturels extrêmes sont encore mal connus. Pour avoir une meilleure compréhension du régime des événements extrêmes, l'analyse des données d'archives sur les événements extrêmes, soit les tempêtes et les pluies diluviennes, qui sont survenus sur les côtes des régions de Sept-Îles, de Percé et des Îles-de-la-Madeleine a été effectuée. Celle-ci permet d'établir des corrélations entre les événements et les impacts réels. Elle permet ainsi de valider l'utilisation des données des stations météorologiques et d'apporter des précisions sur les seuils qui caractérisent les événements extrêmes. Les résultats montrent qu'une analyse faite seulement à partir des stations météorologiques surestime le nombre d'événements extrêmes pouvant affecter la côte. Les récurrences des événements extrêmes calculées à partir des archives de journaux et de documents gouvernementaux varient entre 1 et 4 ans selon la région. L'analyse des données météorologiques donnent une récurrence de moins de 1 an. La plupart des événements de tempête tirés des archives avaient des vents de 40 km/h et plus. Quelques événements avaient même des vents de moins de 40 km/h. Depuis la fin des années 1960, sept événements sont survenus à l'échelle régionale du golfe du SaintLaurent. Les événements de tempête sont plus nombreux en hiver et en automne, alors que les événements de pluie diluvienne se produisent plutôt au printemps et à l'automne selon la région. La saisonnalité est une variable importante à considérer. L'analyse des archives permet de mettre en perspective les impacts des événements qui ne sont pas définis comme étant extrêmes d'après les seuils. Dans l'étude de zonage des risques côtiers, l'approche de l'analyse des archives et des conséquences géomorphologiques des événements extrêmes naturels semble plus appropriée qu'une simple approche statistique des données météorologiques. Dans une perspective de gestion du littoral, l'opinion des résidents est essentielle puisqu'iIs sont les premiers touchés par le phénomène d'érosion. Ils sont également les premiers acteurs à réagir face à l'érosion. Une enquête auprès de cinq communautés du golfe du Saint-Laurent a été effectuée totalisant 232 répondants. L'enquête révèle que plus de 40 % des répondants sont affectés par le phénomène de l'érosion côtière. La comparaison des résultats de l'enquête avec les données géoscientifiques montrent que les résidents ont une bonne connaissance des causes de l'érosion, mais ne voient pas les changements environnementaux qui se produisent. Ces changements se forment de façon progressive et sont parfois imperceptibles aux yeux des résidents. Les répondants constatent cependant la diminution importante de la couverture de glace côtière observée depuis la fin des années 1990. Ils remarquent aussi une augmentation des redoux hivernaux, comme le montre les données des températures des stations météorologiques situées dans les régions d'étude. La diminution de la largeur des plages et la hausse du niveau marin relatif ne semble pas perceptible par les résidents. De plus, une majorité des répondants favorisent l'enrochement pour se protéger contre l'érosion côtière, malgré le fait que cette méthode ne soit pas appropriée pour tous les types de côte. Les mesures de protection mises en place sont, d'ailleurs, dans la plupart des cas, inappropriées et ne prennent pas en compte le milieu naturel. Il reste donc encore beaucoup de sensibilisation à faire auprès des résidents sur la dynamique côtière et sur les mesures d'adaptation face aux risques côtiers. La sensibilisation aura comme effet d'augmenter la résilience des résidents face à l'érosion côtière et de diminuer la vulnérabilité des communautés côtières
Geistiges Eigentum und Originalität. Zur Spannung zwischen freier Verfügbarkeit und Anerkennung individueller Leistungen
Assessment centre
P edkládaná bakalá ská práce s názvem "Assessment Centre" popisuje moĹľnosti a pouĹľitĂ stále rozšà en jšà metody uplat ovanĂ© p i vĂ˝b ru, hodnocenĂ a rozvoji zam stnanc . JejĂm hlavnĂm poslánĂm je p iblĂĹľit Assessment Centre z pohledu teoretickĂ˝ch vĂ˝chodisek i praktickĂ˝ch poznatk a doporu enĂ. Práce je rozd lena do šesti tĂ©matickĂ˝ch kapitol, kterĂ© se v nujĂ jak p Ăprav , tak p edevšĂm vlastnĂ realizaci a následnĂ©mu hodnocenĂ spojenĂ©mu s vĂ˝stupy. Sou ástĂ jednĂ© z kapitol je za azenĂ tĂ©to vĂ˝b rovĂ© a rozvojovĂ© metody do celĂ©ho komplexu innostĂ uplat ovanĂ˝ch v b ĹľnĂ© personálnĂ praxi mnoha spole nostĂ v eskĂ© republice. Krom metody samotnĂ© se autor zmi uje takĂ© o procesu zĂskávánĂ a vĂ˝b ru zam stnanc na základ jinĂ˝ch uplat ovanĂ˝ch metod a srovnává jejich konkrĂ©tnĂ p Ănosy a specifika. ZvláštnĂ pozornost je v nována poĹľadavk m na organiza nĂ, technickĂ©, ale p edevšĂm personálnĂ zajišt nĂ akcĂ konanĂ˝ch za Ăş elem vĂ˝b ru na ur itou pozici i hodnocenĂ kaĹľdĂ©ho jednotlivĂ©ho Ăş astnĂka. Ve tvrtĂ© kapitole je potom popsán proces vytvá enĂ modelovĂ˝ch situacĂ a praktickĂ˝ch cvi enĂ v rámci spole nosti Winterthur R. V tĂ©to spole nosti jsme je potĂ© hojn realizovali. N kdy za Ăş asti externĂch konzultant , v tšinou však za vyuĹľitĂ pouze vlastnĂch lidskĂ˝ch zdroj . Bakalá ská práce obsahuje mnoĹľstvĂ p Ăloh, kterĂ© dávajĂ nahlĂ©dnout do...The presented bachelor thesis titled "Assessment Centre" describes possibilities and application continuosly extended method exerted in selection, evaluation and development of the employees. Its main commission is to approach Assessment Centre from the point of view of theoretical observations and recommendations. The thesis is divided into six thematic chapters that deal both with preparation and especially evaluation connected with outputs. Section of the one of the chapters is enlistment of this sampling and development method into the whole complex of activities alleged in ordinary personal practice by many companies in the Czech Republic. Beyond the method itself the author adverts the process of acquisition and selection of the employees on the basis of other alleged methods and compares their concrete contribution and specificity. There is devoted special focus to the demands technically, organizationally and first personally to assure the actions held in order to select or evaluate every single participant. In the fourth chapter there is described the producing process of the model situations and practices in the Winterthur CR, financial institution. Afterwards we used them in plenty in this company, sometimes in participation of external consultants but mostly through our own sources. Bachelor...Katedra andragogiky a personálnĂho Ĺ™ĂzenĂDepartment of Adult Education and Personnel ManagementFaculty of ArtsFilozofická fakult
The significance of the social and material environment to place attachment and quality of life: findings from a large population-based health survey
Background: There is an international public health interest in sustainable environments that promote human wellbeing. An individual’s bond to places, understood as place attachment (PA), is an important factor for quality of life (QoL). The material environment, such as access to nature (AtN), access to amenities (AtA), or noise, and the social environment, such as social support or loneliness, has the potential to infuence PA. The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between these factors and QoL. Methods: The study relied on data from 28,047 adults from 30 municipalities in Southern Norway obtained from the Norwegian Counties Public Health Surveys in 2019. Latent regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between the material and social environmental factors and QoL, mediated by PA. Results: We found a relationship between social and material environmental factors and PA. Higher AtN and AtA scores were related to an increase in PA, whereas higher perception of noise problems was related to decreased PA scores. When social environment factors were added to the model, they were even stronger predictors of PA and, in turn, QoL through mediated efects. We also found a strong positive association between PA and QoL (unstandard‑ ized β=0.88, 95% CI=0.87–0.90, p<0.001). The whole model explained 83% of the variance in PA and 65% of the variance in QoL. Conclusions: Taken together, the fndings suggest the relevance of material and social environmental factors for PA and QoL. Therefore, research on public health and QoL should include place-sensitive variables.publishedVersio
Human-Animal Relationships in Supported Housing: Animal Atmospheres for Mental Health Recovery
Being in a relationship with an animal can promote the well-being of people. For
many individuals, this usually takes place at home. This study reports about homes
for people with mental health problems (with or without co-occurring substance use),
who live in supported housing operated by public landlords, entailing tenancies that are
usually stricter regarding their pet policies than ordinary homes. We thus addressed the
following research questions through ethnographic fieldwork at seven distinct places:
which types of human–animal relationships occur in supported housing, and how do
they affect the tenants? We analyzed the collected data informed by the Grounded
Theory approach and found three types of human–animal relationships within supported
housing affecting the tenants differently, namely, “no animals,” “visiting animals,” and
“shared/sole ownership of animals.” Animals in the buildings can stage atmospheres
that promote solidarity and connectedness among people. In contrast, situations in
which animals are forbidden can create emotional tensions between tenants and staff
or landlords. When discussing fostering animal atmospheres and limits to keeping pets,
we concluded that animals can contribute to the mental health recovery of tenants by
creating acknowledgment and rootedness. Therefore, public housing services need to
guarantee equal rights to the tenants as they do with every citizen, including the right to
keep a pet.acceptedVersio
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