Quantification of the mechanical stress exerted by pumps on mammalian cells using an emulsion as a non-biological model system

Zur Quantifizierung der Beanspruchung durch die Zentrifugalpumpe PuraLev® 200SU wurde der mittlere Sauter-Durchmesser des Modellsystems Emulsion in Abhängigkeit des massenspezifischen Leistungseintrages ermittelt. Anschließend wurde mit ausgewählten Parametern die Absterberate von CHO-Zellen untersucht und mit den Ergebnissen der Emulsionsversuche verglichen. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass für das biologische System neben dem Leistungseintrag weitere Parameter wie die Impellerumfangsgeschwindigkeit Einfluss auf die Partikelbeanspruchung haben

A parallel optical interconnect link with on-chip optical access

This paper describes a complete technology family for parallel optical interconnect systems. Key features are the two-dimensional on-chip optical access and the development of a complete optical pathway. This covers both chip-to-chip links on a single boards, chip-to-chip links over an optical backpanel, and even system-to-system interconnects. Therefore it is a scalable technology. The design of all parts of the link, and the integration of parallel optical interconnect systems in the design flow of electronic systems is presented in this paper

Adaptive filtering methods for identifying cross-frequency couplings in human EEG.

Oscillations have been increasingly recognized as a core property of neural responses that contribute to spontaneous, induced, and evoked activities within and between individual neurons and neural ensembles. They are considered as a prominent mechanism for information processing within and communication between brain areas. More recently, it has been proposed that interactions between periodic components at different frequencies, known as cross-frequency couplings, may support the integration of neuronal oscillations at different temporal and spatial scales. The present study details methods based on an adaptive frequency tracking approach that improve the quantification and statistical analysis of oscillatory components and cross-frequency couplings. This approach allows for time-varying instantaneous frequency, which is particularly important when measuring phase interactions between components. We compared this adaptive approach to traditional band-pass filters in their measurement of phase-amplitude and phase-phase cross-frequency couplings. Evaluations were performed with synthetic signals and EEG data recorded from healthy humans performing an illusory contour discrimination task. First, the synthetic signals in conjunction with Monte Carlo simulations highlighted two desirable features of the proposed algorithm vs. classical filter-bank approaches: resilience to broad-band noise and oscillatory interference. Second, the analyses with real EEG signals revealed statistically more robust effects (i.e. improved sensitivity) when using an adaptive frequency tracking framework, particularly when identifying phase-amplitude couplings. This was further confirmed after generating surrogate signals from the real EEG data. Adaptive frequency tracking appears to improve the measurements of cross-frequency couplings through precise extraction of neuronal oscillations

The fall, recovery, classification, and initial characterization of the Hamburg, Michigan H4 chondrite.

The Hamburg meteorite fell on January 16, 2018, near Hamburg, Michigan, after a fireball event widely observed in the U.S. Midwest and in Ontario, Canada. Several fragments fell onto frozen surfaces of lakes and, thanks to weather radar data, were recovered days after the fall. The studied rock fragments show no or little signs of terrestrial weathering. Here, we present the initial results from an international consortium study to describe the fall, characterize the meteorite, and probe the collision history of Hamburg. About 1 kg of recovered meteorites was initially reported. Petrology, mineral chemistry, trace element and organic chemistry, and O and Cr isotopic compositions are characteristic of H4 chondrites. Cosmic ray exposure ages based on cosmogenic 3He, 21Ne, and 38Ar are ~12 Ma, and roughly agree with each other. Noble gas data as well as the cosmogenic 10Be concentration point to a small 40-60 cm diameter meteoroid. An 40Ar-39Ar age of 4532 ± 24 Ma indicates no major impact event occurring later in its evolutionary history, consistent with data of other H4 chondrites. Microanalyses of phosphates with LA-ICPMS give an average Pb-Pb age of 4549 ± 36 Ma. This is in good agreement with the average SIMS Pb-Pb phosphate age of 4535.3 ± 9.5 Ma and U-Pb Concordia age of 4535 ± 10 Ma. The weighted average age of 4541.6 ± 9.5 Ma reflects the metamorphic phosphate crystallization age after parent body formation in the early solar system