"Svag elev" som social representation i Statens offentliga utredningar

Classifications of pupils as ‘weak’ have featured during the last century in Sweden and are still present in contemporary descriptions of pupils. This study aims to develop knowledge about how ‘weak pupil’ as a social representation has been (re)produced in governmental inquires during 1923–2019 and explores how a temporal perspective might deepen the knowledge on a current classification such as ‘weak pupil’. In focus are the governmental inquiries concerning current or historical compulsory school forms. The following research questions are posed: To what extent has ‘weak pupil’ been present as a classification? How has ‘weak pupil’ as a social representation been (re)produced? Which patterns of stability and change can be identified in the (re)production of ‘weak pupil’ as a social representation? Through social representations theory, this study suggests that classifications and social representations of pupils as “weak” have been present during the last century. There are elements of both stability and change in the themes that construct “weak pupil” as a social representation, but there are indicators that ‘weak pupil’ as a social representation is more fossilized in contemporary writings. Perceptions of pupils in relation to perceptions of ’normality’ seem to be a stable construction over the last century

Biologisk overvåking i Vannområde Leira-Nitelva 2014

Som en del av overvåkingen av vassdragene Nitelva og Leira med tilløpsbekker ble NIVA bedt om å kartlegge økologisk tilstand ved hjelp av de biologiske kvalitetselementene begroingsalger (PIT/AIP), vannplanter (TIc) og bunndyr (ASPT/Raddum2) på 24 utvalgte lokaliteter. For eutrofiering/organisk belastning er den generelle trenden en økende grad av eutrofi nedover i begge vassdrag. I Nitelva når to av syv stasjoner målet om god eller svært god økologisk tilstand, mens tilsvarende tall for Leira er bare en av 17 stasjoner. Sammenliknet med årene 2008-2010 ses ingen store endringer i eutrofigrad ved denne undersøkelsen i 2014, men vi ser en svak trend mot dårligere tilstand i nedre deler av Leira inkludert enkelte tilløpsbekker. Stasjonene SOG og BØL i vassdragene hadde i 2014 et bunnsubstrat som var mer dominert av sand og silt enn tidligere år, noe som tyder på en økt tilførsel av erosjonsmateriale fra aktiviteter i nedbørfeltet. Når det gjelder vassdragsavsnitt som har en unaturlig lav pH er det kun to stasjoner øverst i vassdragene (L12 og RO) som ikke når målet om god eller svært god økologisk tilstand (begge fikk i 2014 moderat tilstand). Det er en generell trend at vannkvaliteten mht pH har blitt bedre nedover i begge vassdragene Leira og Nitelva. Sammenliknet med årene 2008-2010 ser vi ingen store endringer i pH situasjonen.Vannområde Leira-Nitelv

PERKEMBANGAN SENI PERTUNJUKAN LONGSER DI KABUPATEN BANDUNG TAHUN 1975-2002: suatu tinjauan tentang peranan ateng japar sebagai seniman longser

Skripsi ini berjudul “Perkembangan Seni Pertunjukan Longser di Kabupaten Bandung Tahun 1975-2002: Suatu Tinjauan Tentang Peranan Ateng Japar Sebagai Seniman Longser”. Penelitian ini bertolak dari kekhawatiran peneliti terhadap seni pertunjukan Longser yang hampir punah. Untuk itu diperlukan upaya mempertahankan seni tradisi tersebut agar tetap bertahan di tengah kehidupan masyarakat modern saat ini. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini diantaranya: Pertama, Bagaimana latar belakang seni pertunjukan Longser sejak dipimpin oleh Ateng Japar? Kedua, Bagaimana peranan Ateng Japar dalam mengembangkan seni pertunjukan Longser Pancawarna (1975-2002)? Ketiga, Faktor-faktor apa saja yang dapat menghambat perkembangan seni pertunjukan Longser? Keempat, Bagaimana upaya pemerintah Kabupaten Bandung dan masyarakat dalam melestarikan seni pertunjukan Longser pasca meninggalnya Ateng Japar? Dalam penyusunan skripsi ini, peneliti menggunakan metode historis, yang terdiri dari empat langkah yaitu heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat dijelaskan bahwa Longser merupakan seni teater rakyat yang hidup di daerah Priangan, khususnya Kabupaten Bandung. Longser seringkali disebut sebagai seni sandiwara rakyat yang banyak menampilkan tarian-tarian berpasangan dan memberikan kesempatan kepada para penonton untuk menari bersama dengan penarinya. Salah satu tokoh seniman dalam seni Longser yang terkenal ialah Ateng Japar. Pada tahun 1939 Ateng Japar mendirikan kelompok Longser yang diberi nama Pancawarna. Awalnya kelompok ini melakukan pertunjukannya dengan cara mengamen, namun memasuki tahun 1970an terjadi peralihan tempat pertunjukan menjadi ke dalam gedung kesenian. Selain itu di tahun yang sama (1970an) kelompok Longser Ateng Japar menjadi satu-satunya kelompok yang masih aktif melakukan pertunjukan di wilayah Bandung. Hal ini dikarenakan pada saat itu hanya kelompok Longser Ateng Japar yang digemari oleh masyarakat Bandung. Pada tahun 2002 sang seniman (Ateng Japar) diberitakan wafat dan hal ini berdampak pada perkembangan Longser yang semakin meredup. Eksistensi Longser semakin diperparah ketika sebagian masyarakatnya terutama dari kalangan generasi muda masih banyak yang belum mengetahui tentang Longser. Adapun salah satu upaya yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah Kabupaten Bandung untuk melestarikan seni pertunjukan Longser adalah dengan cara melakukan kegiatan sosialisasi Longser kepada siswa-siswa dengan cara berkunjung ke sekolah-sekolah. Hal ini ditujukan untuk memperkenalkan kembali Longser, agar generasi muda dapat mempertahankan eksistensi Longser sebagai kesenian tradisional yang tumbuh dan berkembang di Kabupaten Bandung, Jawa Barat. ---------- This scientific work entitled "The Development of Performing Arts in Bandung Regency Longser Year 1975-2002: An Overview of the Role Ateng Japar For Artists Longser". This study is based on the fears of the researcher of the performing arts Longser endangered, it is necessary for maintaining the tradition of art in order to stay afloat amid the life of today's modern society. Formulation of the problem are taken in this research are: First, What is the background of performing arts led by Ateng Longser since Japar? Secondly, How Japar Ateng role in developing the performing arts Longser Pancawarna (1975-2002)? Third, any factors which may inhibit the development of performing arts Longser? Fourth, how the government's efforts Bandung District and the community in preserving the performing arts after the death Longser Ateng Japar? In preparing this paper, the researcher uses historical method, which consists of four steps that heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Based on the results, it can be explained that Longser is the art of theater folk who live in the area Priangan, especially Bandung regency. Longser often referred to as a theatrical art displays many folk dances in pairs and provide an opportunity for the audience to dance along with the dancers. One of the figures in the artist's famous art Longser is Ateng Japar. In 1939 Ateng Japar establish Longser group named Pancawarna. Initially this group did show by way of singing, but entered the 1970s there was a shift in the venue into an art gallery. Also in the same year (1970) Japar Ateng Longser group be the only group that still actively performing in Bandung. This is because at that time only Ateng Japar Longser group that favored by the people of Bandung. In 2002 the artist (Ateng Japar) reported the death and this affects the development Longser increasingly dim. Existence Longser aggravated when most people especially among the younger generation there are many who do not know about Longser. As one of the efforts undertaken by the government to preserve the Bandung District Longser performing arts is to conduct socialization activities Longser to students by means visiting schools. It is intended to reintroduce Longser, so that younger generations can maintain the existence Longser as a traditional art that grows and develops in Bandung regency, West Java

Social Media and Emergency Services?: Interview Study on Current and Potential Use in 7 European Countries

Social media is much just used for private as well as business purposes, obviously, also during emergencies. Emergency services are often confronted with the amount of information from social media and might consider using them – or not using them. This article highlights the perception of emergency services on social media during emergencies. Within their European research project EMERGENT, the authors therefore conducted an interview study with emergency service staff (N=11) from seven European countries and eight different cities. Their results highlight the current and potential use of social media, the emergency service's participation in research on social media as well as current challenges, benefits and future plans

Assessing the Benefits of Forested Riparian Zones: A Qualitative Index of Riparian Integrity Is Positively Associated with Ecological Status in European Streams

Developing a general, predictive understanding of ecological systems requires knowing how much structural and functional relationships can cross scales and contexts. Here, we introduce the CROSSLINK project that investigates the role of forested riparian buffers in modified European landscapes by measuring a wide range of ecosystem attributes in stream-riparian networks. CROSSLINK involves replicated field measurements in four case-study basins with varying levels of human development: Norway (Oslo Fjord), Sweden (Lake Malaren), Belgium (Zwalm River), and Romania (Arge River). Nested within these case-study basins include multiple, independent stream-site pairs with a forested riparian buffer and unbuffered section located upstream, as well as headwater and downstream sites to show cumulative land-use impacts. CROSSLINK applies existing and bespoke methods to describe habitat conditions, biodiversity, and ecosystem functioning in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Here, we summarize the approaches used, detail protocols in supplementary materials, and explain how data is applied in an optimization framework to better manage tradeoffs in multifunctional landscapes. We then present results demonstrating the range of riparian conditions present in our case-study basins and how these environmental states influence stream ecological integrity with the commonly used macroinvertebrate Average Score Per Taxon (ASPT) index. We demonstrate that a qualitative index of riparian integrity can be positively associated with stream ecological status. This introduction to the CROSSLINK project shows the potential for our replicated study with its panoply of ecosystem attributes to help guide management decisions regarding the use of forested riparian buffers in human-impacted landscapes. This knowledge is highly relevant in a time of rapid environmental change where freshwater biodiversity is increasingly under pressure from a range of human impacts that include habitat loss, pollution, and climate change

Spindeln i nätet - En kvalitativ studie av HR-funktionens ansvar, roll och status i en organisationsförändring

I denna uppsats genomförs en studie av HR-funktionen under en organisationsförändring. Syftet med föreliggande uppsats är att undersöka HR- funktionens ansvar, roll och status på ett kommunalt bolag. Vidare syftar uppsatsen till att se om HR-funktionens uppdrag förändras i ett förändringsarbete och i så fall på vilket sätt. Teori och tidigare forskning som tillämpas i denna studie berör ansvarsfördelning, HR-funktionens roll och status. Även teori och tidigare forskning kring organisationsförändring används för att få en förståelse för kontexten. Studien genomfördes på Renova AB med fyra HR-ansvariga, två chefer och en facklig representant. Kvalitativa intervjuer och organisationsanalyser genomfördes för att få en inblick i hur väl chefer och fack känner till HR-funktionens ansvarsområden samt hur kommunikationen sker i organisationen. Vi ville med hjälp av organisationsanalyserna undersöka HR-funktionens status, eftersom det kan finnas ett samband mellan ett yrkes status och hur väl integrerat yrket är i organisationen. Resultatet visade att HR, chefer och fack har en enad bild om HR-funktionens ansvar och roll under organisationsförändringen. De mest framträdande uppfattningarna är att HR-funktionen ska vara stöttande och ha ett övergripande ansvar. Det fanns även en allmän uppfattning om att HR-funktionen har hög status inom organisationen. Det framkom att det inte är någon större skillnad mellan HR-funktionens uppdrag under organisationsförändringen och det generella uppdraget, förutom att det stöttande arbetet blir mer intensivt under processen. Delaktighet och information identifierades som två extra viktiga områden under organisationsförändringen

"We know who it is we’re talking about" : The 'weak pupil' as a social representation in compulsory school teachers’ talk

Classifications of pupils as ‘weak’ seem to be present within schools in several of the Nordic countries. It is a way of classifying pupils which is not only situated within the school system, but also in educational research (e.g., Janssen et al., 2006) and governmental texts in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. Although there is a substantial body of research on specific classifications in educational contexts, there is a need for further research on how school as an institution (re)produces classifications and understandings of pupils as ‘weak’. Although classifications are a natural part of language and fulfill an important function for the human way of dealing with the outside world, ‘weak pupil’ is a negative classification that can contribute to stigmatization and exclusion of students (Larina & Markina, 2019) and therefore needs to be further studied. The aim of this study was to develop a deeper understanding of compulsory school teachers’ social representations of ‘weak pupils’.  The theory of social representations suggests the understanding of pupils as ‘weak’ to be socially (re)produced and shared, taking the shape of common-sense knowledge (Moscovici, 2001). Their common-sense nature means that they are largely taken for granted and therefore rarely questioned. Classifications are means to hierarchize and evaluate objects and either confirm or diverge them from the norm (Moscovici, 2001).   Compulsory school teachers’ social representations of pupils as ‘weak’ were investigated by using focus group discussions. In total, 29 compulsory school teachers in six different Swedish compulsory schools participated. The analysis was performed using the theoretical concepts of theme, themata and discursive polyphasia.  The findings show that ‘weak pupil’ can be understood as an umbrella concept under which a variety of issues can be accommodated (Friberg, 2021). This highlights the diversity of meaning ascribed to pupils classified as ‘weak’. Another important result in this study showed that the participating teachers, to a certain extent, questioned classifications of pupils as ‘weak’. This is an important finding in relation to a body of literature that shows that perceived problems are often ascribed to individual pupils. These results should be of interest to Nordic educational research, considering inclusion as one key feature for schools in the Nordic countries (Klette, 2018).

Creating boundaries between school children – differences and common-sense knowledge

European classrooms are characterized by heterogeneity, meaning that classrooms are comprised of children with diverse abilities, learning needs and socioeconomic backgrounds (OECD, 2019). One way of making sense of this diversity is by classifying pupils as ‘weak’ and/or ‘strong’. This has been a common way of understanding differences among pupils in several countries and in several different arenas such as education, politics and the media. In these diverse contexts, socially shared knowledge about education is (re)produced.   In my forthcoming thesis, I explore common sense knowledge and sense-making processes about perceived differences in school children. Situated within the theoretical framework of social representations theory, it is suggested that understandings of differences are socially (re)produced and shared, taking the shape of common sense knowledge (Moscovici, 2001). The thesis draws upon news media, teachers’ drawings, teachers’ group discussions, and governmental inquiries, all of which have undergone thematic analysis.  One preliminary result of the thesis indicates that pupils’ differences are often made sense of in relation to a spectrum, with ‘weak’ and ‘strong’ at the poles, and ‘normality’ positioned in the center. My argument for this presentation centers around the idea that representing differences in this fashion contributes to the establishment of boundaries in education. These boundaries are shaped by representations of normality and deviance, along with concerns that ‘strong’ pupils are being negatively influenced by those represented and classified as ‘weak’. This common-sense knowledge of ‘weak pupils’ as a problem for ‘strong pupils’ constitutes a fertile ground for creating boundaries within education.