KEMAMPUAN LITERASI DAN DISPOSISI STATISTIS MAHASISWA MELALUI PENDEKATAN RIGOROUS MATHEMATICAL THINKING (RMT)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah secara komprehensif pencapaian dan peningkatan kemampuan literasi statistis mahasiswa dan pencapaian akhir disposisi statistis mahasiswa yang mendapat pembelajaran dengan pendekatan Rigorous Mathematical Thinking (RMT) dan mahasiswa yang mendapat pembelajaran ekspositori. Menelaah perbedaan peningkatan kemampuan literasi statistis antara kelompok eksperimen dan mengkaji hubungan antara literasi statistis dan disposisi statistis mahasiswa pada kelas yang menggunakan pembelajaran dengan pendekatan Rigorous Mathematical Thinking (RMT) dan mahasiswa menggunakan pembelajaran ekspositori. Desain penelitian ini adalah kuasi eksperimen, dengan desain penelitian Nonequivalent. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan tes kemampuan literasi statistis dan skala disposisi statistis. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada mahasiswa semester empat pada materi statistika II dengan jumlah mahasiswa sebanyak 48 mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan literasi statistis mahasiswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran dengan pendekatan RMT lebih baik dari mahasiswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran ekspositori. Peningkatan kemampuan literasinya mahasiswa yang memperoleh pendekatan RMT lebih baik, dari pada mahasiswa yang mendapatkan pembelajaran ekspositori bila dilihat secara keseluruhan dan berdasarkan katgori PAM (tinggi, sedang dan rendah). Peningkatan kemampuan literasi statistis mahasiswa berdasakan PAM (tinggi, sedang dan rendah) pada kelas ekperimen meningkat secara merata dan tidak terdapat perbedaan pencapaian akhir disposisi statistis mahasiswa, serta terdapat asosiasi antara kemampuan literasi dan disposisi statistis.; This research was aimed at finding out comprehensively the achievement and the increase of students’ ability in statistic literacy and the final achievement of disposition statistical between students who learnt through the approach of Rigorous Mathematical Thinking (RTM) with students who learnt through expository. Finding out the increase of statistic literacy ability between the experimental group and investigating the relation between statistic literacy and disposition statistical of student in the class that employed learning through Rigorous Mathematical Thinking (RTM) and students learning through expository. This research design was quasi-experiment with Nonequivalent design. The instruments used were the test of statistic literacy and disposition statistical scale. This research was conducted on 48 college students in the fourth semester in the statistic II lesson. The result of this research revealed that the students’ ability of statistic literacy obtained learning through RTM approach is better that the students’ ability obtained learning through expository. The increasing of literacy ability of students who obtained RTM approach is better than those who obtained learning through expository which is seen entirely and based on PAM category (high, medium and low). The increase of students’ ability in statistic literacy based on PAM (high, medium and low) in the experimental class increases evenly and there is no significant difference in the final achievement of disposition statistical and also there is an association between literacy ability and disposition statistical

Nonparametric Test of Fit

Most statistical methods require assumptions about the populations from which samples are taken. Usually these methods measure the parameters, such as variance, standard deviations, means, etc., of the respective populations. One example is the assumption that a given population can be approximated closely with a normal curve. Since these assumptions are not always valid, statisticians have developed several alternate techniques known as nonparametric tests. The models of such tests do not specify conditions about population parameters. Certain assumptions, such as (1) observations are independent and (2) the variable being studied has underlying continuity, are associated with most nonparametric tests. However, these assumptions are weaker and less in number than those commonly associated with parametric tests

ANALISIS KETERLIBATAN PEREMPUAN DALAM PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN DI PEMERINTAHAN GAMPONG (STUDI PADA PEMERINTAHAN GAMPONG BEURAWE KOTA BANDA ACEH)

ABSTRACTThe Beurawe Village Government provided opportunities for women to take care of the village administration in accordance with the position given. According to the involvement of women in the Beurawe Village Government, the study aimed to determine the participation of women in decision-making in the Beurawe Village Government and to know the resistance of women in decision-making in the Government of Beurawe village, Kuta Alam sub-district of Banda Aceh. The research is a qualitative descriptive method. The theory used in this research is the structural-functional theory. The results showed that the women involved in the governance structure of Beurawe village participate in decision-making, women were given a tremendous opportunity for the administration of the Village Government and given full authority to decide on matters relating to women. Barriers to women in decision-making for women's issues that have not been mainstreamed in the village government more to fill 30% of quota, the efficiency of meeting time has not been conditioned by the availability of women's time, the lack of understanding and interest of women in policy making, as well as the figure that fills the structure of Government village has not become indicator to encourage women to be active in the Village Governance and Development. Positions that have been given to women not only associated with the administration of the Village Government, positions were given already at the level of preparation and policy formulation, monitoring and evaluation, evaluating matters related to the governance financial administration regulation, APBG, and village asset. Keywords: Woman, Decision Making, Village Government ABSTRAKPemerintahan Gampong Beurawe memberikan peluang kepada perempuan untuk mengurus administrasi pemerintahan gampong sesuai dengan kedudukan yang diberikan. Melihat adanya keterlibatan perempuan dalam Pemerintahan Gampong Beurawe, maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui partisipasi perempuan dalam pengambilan keputusan di Pemeintahan Gampong Beurawe serta mengetahui hambatan perempuan dalam pengambilan keputusan di Pemerintahan Gampong Beurawe Kecamatan Kuta Alam Kota Banda Aceh. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode diskriptif. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori struktural fungsional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perempuan yang terlibat dalam struktur pemerintahan Gampong Beurawe ikut berpartisipasi dalam pengambilan keputusan, perempuan diberi kesempatan yang sangat besar untuk mengurus administrasi Pemerintahan Gampong dan diberikan kewenangan penuh dalam memutuskan hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan perempuan. Hambatan perempuan dalam pengambilan keputusan karena isu perempuan yang belum diarusutamakan dalam pemerintahan gampong lebih kepada mengisi kuota 30%, efesiensi waktu rapat yang belum dikondisikan dengan ketersediaan waktu perempuan, lemahnya pemahaman dan minat perempuan dalam pengambilan kebijakan, serta ketokohan yang mengisi struktur Pemerintahan Gampong belum menjadi indikator untuk mendorong perempuan aktif dalam Pemerintahan dan Pembangunan Gampong. Jabatan yang telah diberikan kepada perempuan tidak hanya yang berhubungan dengan administrasi Pemerintahan Gampong, jabatan yang diberikan sudah pada tingkat penyusunan dan perumusan kebijakan, monitoring evaluasi, mengevaluasi hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan pemerintahan mengatur administrasi keuangan, APBG dan asset Gampong. Kata Kunci: Perempuan, Pengambilan Keputusan, Pemerintahan Gampon

Studi Kelayakan Bisnis Umkm Kota Tangerang (Studi Kasus Usaha Soto Daging Sapi “Mbah Man” Kondang Rasa)

UMKM Soto Beef "Mbah Man" Kondang Rasa is one of the MSMEs in Tangerang City engaged in culinary. In business development, it is necessary to analyze the feasibility of investment with a financial aspect approach and technical feasibility with a technical aspect approach which will ultimately produce an assessment or decision whether this business should be developed or not. Data collection method with direct observation and interview and data processing by tabulating data that refers to the calculation of aspects of investment feasibility analysis, namely Net Present Value (NPV), Payback Period (PP), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Profitability Index (PI) as well as technical aspect approach analysis. The results of the technical aspect approach are declared feasible in determining the location, layout and  readiness of machines, the best inventory methods, and the need for labor. Meanwhile, the feasibility from the financial aspect shows that the business is feasible to run with eligibility criteria that produce  a Payback Period (PP) for 2 months 27 days, a Net Present Value (NPV) value of IDR 1,285,373,578, an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) value of 7.68% >  7% (interest rates), and a Profitability Index (PI) value of 14.60 >1 Keywords: MSMEs, Business Feasibility, Financial Aspects, Technical Aspect

HUBUNGAN PENALARAN ANALOGI SISWA TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN KONSEP PADA MATERI SISTEM REPRODUKSI DI SMA

Penalaran Analogi merupakan seseorang untuk membandingkan dua objek atau fenomena yang dianggap memiliki kesamaan atau persamaan baik secara struktur maupun fungsinya. Pemahaman konsep mengacu pada pemahaman pengetahuan ilmiah yang terintegrasi dan fungsional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan penalaran analogi siswa dan pemahaman konsep sistem reproduksi manusia. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMA Negeri 3 dan SMA Negeri 4 Kota Bekasi pada bulan Mei– Juni tahun ajaran 2021/2022 dengan melibatkan sampel sebanyak 197 peserta didik dari kelas XI MIPA yang terpilih melalui teknik purpose sampling dan random sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa soal tes pilihan ganda yang dikumpulkan secara daring. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode deskriptif dengan studi korelasional. Hasil analisis penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif antara penalaran analogi siswa terhadap pemahaman konsep sistem reproduksi manusia. Analogical Reasoning is a person's ability to compare two object or phenomena that are considered to have similarities both in structure or function. Conceptual understanding refers to an integrated and functional understanding of scientific knowledge. This study aims to analyze the correlation between student analogical reasoning and conceptual understanding of reproduction system . This research was conducted at SMA Negeri 3 and SMA Negeri 4 Bekasi in May- June of the 2021/2022 academic year by involving a sample of 197 students of XI MIPA who were selected through purpose sampling and random sampling technique. The instrument is used in the form of multiple choice tests collected online. The method used is a descriptive method with correlational studies. The results of the research analysis show that there is a positive correlation between Analogical Reasoning and Conceptual Understanding of Reproduction System

An Unusual Case of Hepatic Tumor

A case is reported of a large hepatic tumor in a patient aged 71. Preoperative diagnostic techniques, including echography, CT and angiography, did not provide sufficient criteria for a precise diagnosis. The mass was removed with an extended right hepatectomy with no particular physiopathological consequences. Histological analysis revealed that this was a metastasis from a melonoma of the choroid, operated on 17 years previously

Kemampuan Literasi Statistis Mahasiswa melalui Pendekatan Rigorous Mathematical Thinking (RMT)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah secara komprehensif pencapaian dan peningkatan kemampuanliterasi statistis mahasiswamelalui pendekatan Rigorous Mathematical Thinking (RMT)dan mahasiswayang mendapat pembelajaran ekspositori. Menelaah perbedaan peningkatan kemampuan literasi statistis antara kelompok RMT dan Ekspositori. Desain penelitian ini adalah kuasi eksperimen, dengan desain penelitian Nonequivalent. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan tes kemampuan literasi statistis. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada mahasiswa semester empat, pada materi statistika II dengan jumlah mahasiswa sebanyak 48 mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan literasi statistis mahasiswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran dengan pendekatan RMT lebih baik dari mahasiswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran ekspositori. Peningkatan kemampuan literasinya mahasiswa yang memperoleh pendekatan RMT lebih baik, dari pada mahasiswa yang mendapatkan pembelajaran ekspositori bila dilihat secara keseluruhan dan berdasarkan katgori PAM (tinggi, sedang dan rendah). Peningkatan kemampuan literasi statistis mahasiswa berdasakan PAM (tinggi, sedang dan rendah) pada kelas ekperimen meningkat secara merata

Avaliação da qualidade dos sedimentos por meio e biomarcadores geoquímicos e elementos-traço em amostras do estuário do Rio Itajaí-Açu e determinação de contaminantes em matrizes de resíduos sólidos

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Florianópolis, 2014.O sistema estuarino do rio Itajaí-Açu, localizado na região Sul do Brasil, é afetado por atividades industriais e de dragagem, que podem causar remobilização dos poluentes acumulados ao longo do tempo no sedimento. Por isso, biomarcadores geoquímicos e elementos-traço foram avaliados qualitativamente e quantitativamente em doze amostras superficiais de sedimento. Os níveis de n-alcanos, hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPA) e esteróis foram obtidos a fim de identificar suas fontes e a possível contaminação do ambiente por combustíveis fósseis e esgoto doméstico. As concentrações totais variaram entre 0,49 e 69,71 ?g g-1 para os n-alcanos e de 63,89 a 1458,99 ng g-1 para os HPA. As concentrações obtidas para este estuário são semelhantes a de outros ambientes estuarinos e costeiros ao redor do mundo. Comparando os níveis de HPA com os indicadores do Guia de Qualidade de Sedimentos, os resultados apontaram que a ocorrência de efeitos adversos à biota pode ocorrer raramente e/ou ocasionalmente. Com base nas razões diagnósticas para HPA utilizadas neste estudo, as principais fontes desses compostos são pirolíticas, embora fontes petrogênicas também tenham sido encontradas. Uma mistura complexa não resolvida foi detectada na estação 5, localizada no Porto de Itajaí, sugerindo contaminação por combustíveis fósseis. A presença de hopanos de estereoquímica ???em?todas as estações indica fontes petrogênicas nas amostras avaliadas. Esteróis foram identificados em todas as amostras, sendo os mais abundantes o colesterol, o coprostanol e o ?-sitosterol, que representam fontes tais como zooplâncton, esgoto doméstico e plantas superiores, respectivamente. A distribuição de ácidos graxos permitiu inferir a origem da matéria orgânica como predominantemente aquática, com pouca contribuição de plantas, notavelmente nas estações 7 e 8. A maior incidência de ácidos saturados com cadeias longas foi observada na estação 11, representando a contribuição de plantas nessa estação. No que diz respeito aos contaminantes inorgânicos, um procedimento de extração simples e rápido foi proposto para a determinação de elementos-traço em amostras de sedimentos por espectrometria de massa com plasma indutivamente acoplado. Ótimos resultados foram obtidos quando se submeteu 100 mg de sedimento à extração assistida por ultrassom por 15 minutos com HF a 7,50 mol L-1 e HNO3 a 3,50 mol L-1 . Limites de detecção entre 0,02 e 0,10 ?g g-1 e desvios padrão relativos inferiores a 8% foram obtidos. O método proposto foi aplicado na determinação de elementos-traço em amostras de sedimentos do estuário do rio Itajaí-Açu e as concentrações obtidas, comparadas aos referenciais do Guia de Qualidade de Sedimentos para a Proteção da Vida Aquática. Observou-se que as amostras de sedimentos avaliadas apresentam uma boa qualidade em relação a poluentes inorgânicos. Além disso, foi desenvolvida uma metodologia analítica para a determinação de benzeno, tolueno, etilbenzeno e xilenos (BTEX) em amostras de resíduos sólidos, utilizando microextração em fase sólida e cromatografia gasosa. As melhores respostas foram obtidas utilizando a fibra carboxen/polidimetilsiloxano (CAR/PDMS), tempo de extração de 20 minutos a 25 ºC e massa de resíduo de 20,0 mg. O método desenvolvido proporcionou um bom desempenho em termos de precisão (abaixo de 7% para todos os analitos), recuperação, seletividade, robustez e limites de detecção (1,8 a 21,0 ng mL-1). Além disso, é um método simples, livre de solventes e adequado para a classificação de resíduos sólidos.Abstract : The Itajaí-Açu estuarine system, located in southern Brazil, is affected by industrial and dredging activities, which can cause remobilization of the pollutants accumulated over time in the sediment. Thus, geochemical biomarkers and trace elements were studied qualitatively and quantitatively in 12 surface sediment samples. The levels of aliphatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and sterols were measured in order to identify their sources and possible contamination by fossil fuels and domestic sewage. The total concentrations ranged between 0.49 and 69.71 ?g g-1 of dry weight for n-alkanes and from 63.89 to 1458.99 ng g-1 of dry weight for PAH. Concentrations in this estuary are comparable to estuarines and coastal environments around the world. Comparing the PAH levels found in the estuarine sediments with the Sediment Quality Guidelines, results indicated that adverse effects are expected to occur rarely to occasionally to the living biota. According to the calculated PAH ratios, the major sources of PAH are pyrolytic, although petrogenic was also found. Unresolved complex mixture was detected at site 5, located at the Itajaí harbor, suggesting contamination by fossil fuels. The presence of hopanes with ?? stereochemistry at all stations indicated petrogenic input. Sterols were identified in all the samples. The most abundant sterols were cholesterol, coprostanol and ?-sitosterol, suggesting sources such as zooplankton, domestic sewage and higher plants. The distribution of fatty acids allowed to infer the origin of organic matter as predominantly aquatic, with little contribution of vascular plants, notably in stations 7 and 8, which agrees with the RTA values for nalkanes. The major contribution of long chain fatty acids was observed at station 11, representing the contribution of vascular plants at these station. Regarding inorganic contaminants, a simple and fast extractionbased procedure was proposed for the determination of trace elements in sediment samples by inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry. Optimum results were obtained when 100 mg of sediment sample was used followed by ultrasound-assisted extraction for 15 min with 7,50 mol L-1 (HF) and 3,50 mol L-1 (HNO3). Detection limits ranging from 0,02 to 0,10 ?g g-1 and relative standard deviation lower than 8% were obtained. The proposed method was applied in the sediments of the Itajaí-Açu estuarine system and the concentrations of trace elements were compared to the Sediment Quality Guidelines. It was observed that the sediment samples evaluated show good quality regarding inorganic pollutants. In addition, an analytical methodology was developed for the determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) in samples of solid waste using solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography. Best results were obtained using the carboxen/polydimetrylsiloxane fiber (CAR/PDMS), extraction time of 20 min at 25 °C and 20 mg of sample. The developed method provided a good performance in terms of precision (lower than 7% for all analytes), recovery, selectivity, robustness and detection limits (1,8 to 21,0 ng mL- 1). Furthermore, it is a simple, solvent-free method suitable for the classification of solid waste

Determinação de hidrocarbonetos de petróleo em amostras de sedimentos do complexo lagunar sul Santo Antônio-Imaruí-Mirim, SC

TCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas. Curso de Química.Amostras superficiais de sedimento foram coletadas ao longo do Complexo Lagunar Sul Santo Antônio-Imaruí-Mirim. A composição química do extrato orgânico sedimentar foi analisada e caracterizada pelas técnicas de análise elementar, granulometria, cromatografia gasosa (GC/FID) e cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (GC-MS). Este estudo foi realizado com o intuito de avaliar a presença de hidrocarbonetos que indiquem a origem da matéria orgânica (biogênica e antropogênica) encontrada no sedimento. As concentrações dos hidrocarbonetos alifáticos variaram de 113 a 34.883 g g-1 em relação ao carbono orgânico total (COT). Os cromatogramas obtidos revelaram abundância de hidrocarbonetos com cadeias hidrocarbônicas longas (> C17), com predomínio de ímpares sobre os pares e máximos em C27, C29 e C31, indicando matéria orgânica de origem terrestre. Uma série de compostos do tipo triterpenóides, pertencentes ao grupo dos hopanos, foi identificada por meio do monitoramento do fragmento m/z 191. Observou-se predominância dos hopanos de estereoquímica 17(H), 21(H), mais estável termodinamicamente frente aos outros estereoisômeros, e normalmente presente em derivados de petróleo. Hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos e seus homólogos foram identificados em todas as amostras em estudo. Os valores das razões entre MetilFEN/FEN, FLUO/PIR e FLUO/(FLUO+PIR) indicaram que os HPA são de origem petrogênica e/ou pirolítica