Perfil sociodemográfico e acadêmico dos estudantes de Turismo em duas universidades públicas no sul do Brasil

O turismo é uma área do conhecimento atrativa. Muitos jovens veem na profissão de turismólogo ou bacharel em turismo uma oportunidade de ampliar horizontes, conhecer novas culturas, outros idiomas, de emprego e de geração de renda. Este estudo tem como objetivo conhecer o perfil sociodemográfico e acadêmico de alunos da graduação em Turismo no extremo sul do Brasil. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo descritivo, predominantemente quantitativo, por meio de dados primários junto aos estudantes do curso superior em turismo vinculados à Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel) e à Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA - Campus Jaguarão). Elaborou-se um questionário estruturado contendo questões referentes ao gênero, idade, renda familiar, naturalidade, forma de ingresso na universidade, semestre que estão cursando, estágios, trabalho, reprovação em disciplinas, previsão de conclusão e motivos de escolha e possível desistência do curso. O perfil traçado na pesquisa revela, entre outros aspectos, que mulheres jovens são predominantes. Parte dos estudantes são oriundos de escola pública e nasceram na mesma cidade onde estudam atualmente. Predomina aqueles que ingressaram na universidade por ampla concorrência, seguidos por cotistas com renda familiar bruta per capita igual ou inferior a 1,5 salário mínimo e posteriormente o por estudantes do estrato que cursaram integralmente o ensino médio em escolas públicas. De modo geral veem no curso de Turismo novas possibilidades de conhecimento, mas não necessariamente de empregabilidade. Os achados da pesquisa inferem que o ingresso no curso superior parece ser mais atrativo do que vislumbrar o ingresso no curso realmente desejado

LA LEISHMANIASIS TEGUMENTARIA AMERICANA EN PERNAMBUCO: ANÁLISIS DE LOS CASOS NOTIFICADOS EN EL PERÍODO DE 2007 A 2022

A leishmaniose tegumentar americana (LTA) é uma doença endêmica de várias regiões brasileiras e está associada a situação de pobreza, ineficiência no sistema de saneamento básico e o contato direto com locais de mata devastada. Estudos sobre aspectos epidemiológicos deste agravo são importantes para subsidiar as ações dos gestores e unidades de saúde, principalmente no estado de Pernambuco que possui áreas endêmicas. Diante disso, o objetivo do trabalho foi analisar os casos de leishmaniose tegumentar americana ocorridos em Pernambuco, no período de 2007 a 2022. Para isto, foi realizado um estudo do tipo descritivo, transversal, retrospectivo, com dados secundários coletados no site do DATASUS. Os dados coletados da LTA foram referentes ao sexo, escolaridade, faixa etária, evolução do caso, tipo de diagnóstico, zona de residência e macrorregião de saúde. A análise dos registros demonstrou a ocorrência de 5.648 casos de LTA no estado de Pernambuco. Destes, 60% foram do sexo masculino, 45,1% com ensino fundamental incompleto, 54% com idade de 20-59 anos, 71% de cura e 70% com confirmação por meio dos critérios clínicos epidemiológicos. De modo geral a pesquisa demonstrou que as variáveis como sexo, faixa etária, escolaridade e a evolução dos casos seguiram os mesmos padrões relatados em outros estudos nas diversas regiões brasileiras. No entanto, situação oposta em relação a outros estudos foi observada para a confirmação clínico-epidemiológica da LTA. Dessa forma, mais estudos devem ser conduzidos a fim de elucidar os achados e direcionar as medidas de prevenção e controle da LTA.  American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) is an endemic disease in several Brazilian regions and is associated with a situation of poverty, inefficiency in the basic sanitation system and direct contact with places of devastated forest. Studies on the epidemiological aspects of this disease are important to support the actions of managers and health units, especially in the state of Pernambuco, which has endemic areas. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the cases of American tegumentary leishmaniasis that occurred in Pernambuco, from 2007 to 2022. For this, a descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study was carried out, with secondary data collected on the DATASUS website. The data collected from the LTA referred to sex, education, age group, case evolution, type of diagnosis, area of residence and health macro-region. The analysis of records showed the occurrence of 5,648 cases of ATL in the state of Pernambuco. Of these, 60% were male, 45.1% had incomplete primary education, 54% were aged 20-59 years, 71% were cured and 70% were confirmed by clinical epidemiological criteria. In general, the research showed that variables such as sex, age group, education and the evolution of cases followed the same patterns reported in other studies in different Brazilian regions. However, the opposite situation in relation to other studies was observed for the clinical-epidemiological confirmation of ACL. Thus, further studies should be conducted in order to elucidate the findings and direct measures for the prevention and control of ACL.Los aspectos epidemiológicos de la leishmaniasis tegumentaria americana son importantes para respaldar las acciones de los gestores y unidades de salud, especialmente en el estado de Pernambuco, que tiene áreas endémicas. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los casos de leishmaniasis tegumentaria americana ocurridos en Pernambuco entre 2007 y 2022. Para ello, se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo utilizando datos secundarios recopilados del sitio web DATASUS. Los datos recopilados sobre la leishmaniasis tegumentaria americana incluyeron información sobre sexo, nivel educativo, grupo de edad, evolución de los casos, tipo de diagnóstico, área de residencia y macrorregión de salud. El análisis de los registros reveló la ocurrencia de 5.648 casos de leishmaniasis tegumentaria americana en el estado de Pernambuco. Del total, el 60% eran hombres, el 45,1% tenían educación primaria incompleta, el 54% pertenecían al grupo de edad entre 20 y 59 años, el 71% se curaron y el 70% se confirmaron mediante criterios clínico-epidemiológicos. En general, la investigación mostró que variables como el sexo, el grupo de edad, la educación y la evolución de los casos seguían los mismos patrones informados en otros estudios realizados en diferentes regiones de Brasil. Sin embargo, se observó una situación diferente en relación a la confirmación clínico-epidemiológica de la leishmaniasis tegumentaria americana en comparación con otros estudios. Por lo tanto, se requiere la realización de más estudios para dilucidar estos hallazgos y adoptar medidas directas para la prevención y el control de la leishmaniasis tegumentaria americana.A leishmaniose tegumentar americana (LTA) é uma doença endêmica de várias regiões brasileiras e está associada a situação de pobreza, ineficiência no sistema de saneamento básico e o contato direto com locais de mata devastada. Estudos sobre aspectos epidemiológicos deste agravo são importantes para subsidiar as ações dos gestores e unidades de saúde, principalmente no estado de Pernambuco que possui áreas endêmicas. Diante disso, o objetivo do trabalho foi analisar os casos de leishmaniose tegumentar americana ocorridos em Pernambuco, no período de 2007 a 2022. Para isto, foi realizado um estudo do tipo descritivo, transversal, retrospectivo, com dados secundários coletados no site do DATASUS. Os dados coletados da LTA foram referentes ao sexo, escolaridade, faixa etária, evolução do caso, tipo de diagnóstico, zona de residência e macrorregião de saúde. A análise dos registros demonstrou a ocorrência de 5.648 casos de LTA no estado de Pernambuco. Destes, 60% foram do sexo masculino, 45,1% com ensino fundamental incompleto, 54% com idade de 20-59 anos, 71% de cura e 70% com confirmação por meio dos critérios clínicos epidemiológicos. De modo geral a pesquisa demonstrou que as variáveis como sexo, faixa etária, escolaridade e a evolução dos casos seguiram os mesmos padrões relatados em outros estudos nas diversas regiões brasileiras. No entanto, situação oposta em relação a outros estudos foi observada para a confirmação clínico-epidemiológica da LTA. Dessa forma, mais estudos devem ser conduzidos a fim de elucidar os achados e direcionar as medidas de prevenção e controle da LTA.

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Implementation of a Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional (BALANCE) Program for improvement on quality of diet and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events: A randomized, multicenter trial

Background: Appropriate dietary recommendations represent a key part of secondary prevention in cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated the effectiveness of the implementation of a nutritional program on quality of diet, cardiovascular events, and death in patients with established CVD. Methods: In this open-label, multicenter trial conducted in 35 sites in Brazil, we randomly assigned (1:1) patients aged 45 years or older to receive either the BALANCE Program (experimental group) or conventional nutrition advice (control group). The BALANCE Program included a unique nutritional education strategy to implement recommendations from guidelines, adapted to the use of affordable and regional foods. Adherence to diet was evaluated by the modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index. The primary end point was a composite of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, stroke, myocardial revascularization, amputation, or hospitalization for unstable angina. Secondary end points included biochemical and anthropometric data, and blood pressure levels. Results: From March 5, 2013, to Abril 7, 2015, a total of 2534 eligible patients were randomly assigned to either the BALANCE Program group (n = 1,266) or the control group (n = 1,268) and were followed up for a median of 3.5 years. In total, 235 (9.3%) participants had been lost to follow-up. After 3 years of follow-up, mean modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index (scale 0-70) was only slightly higher in the BALANCE group versus the control group (26.2 ± 8.4 vs 24.7 ± 8.6, P <.01), mainly due to a 0.5-serving/d greater intake of fruits and of vegetables in the BALANCE group. Primary end point events occurred in 236 participants (18.8%) in the BALANCE group and in 207 participants (16.4%) in the control group (hazard ratio, 1.15; 95% CI 0.95-1.38; P =.15). Secondary end points did not differ between groups after follow-up. Conclusions: The BALANCE Program only slightly improved adherence to a healthy diet in patients with established CVD and had no significant effect on the incidence of cardiovascular events or death. © 2019 The Author

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data