Early Childhood Caries Experience of Children from Poor Families Living Below and Above Poverty Line

Objective: To evaluate the role of poverty and its related factors on early childhood caries (ECC) experience among deprived children. Material and Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study surveyed 418 children aged one to six years enrolled in Brazilian public preschools from an area of the country known for its high social deprivation. Intraoral examination of children evaluated dental caries experience (dmft). Parents/caregivers answered a questionnaire with sociodemographic indicators. Family income was dichotomized into below or above poverty line. Data analysis used Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test, and Multivariate Logistic Regression analysis (p<0.05). Results: Predisposing variables for an increased chance of ECC were: age group 3-4 years (OR: 4.89; 95% CI: 2.32-10.31), age group 5-6-years (OR: 5.60; 95% CI: 2.60-12.04), being part of families living below poverty line (OR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.04-3.38) and having mothers with less than nine years of schooling (OR: 2.86; 95% CI: 2.77-7.14). Children from families living below poverty line presented higher dmft (2.9 +3.8; p=0.001) and untreated dental caries (d component) (2.7 +3.7; p=0.002). Conclusion: ECC in a poor population was influenced by indicators of social deprivation. The poorest of poor children from mothers with less years of schooling were at higher risk

Partial Gastric Obstruction Caused by Cajarana (Spondias cytherea Sonn) in Puppies - Imaging Techniques for Diagnosis

Background: Ingestion of foreign bodies is one of the most common cases seen among puppies of dogs in the medical clinics of small animals which may be related to their curious behavior. The diagnosis is based on the patient’s history, clinical signs, and complementary diagnostic imaging tests. The present case report describes the use of complementary imaging tests, showing a partial gastric obstruction caused by cajarana (Spondias cytherea Sonn) in a puppy.Case: At the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, a 4-month-old male Yorkshire dog was treated. The guardian reported having witnessed the ingestion of a cajarana stone by the animal. During the physical examination, the animal was active, with good nutritional status, normocorated mucosae, and a moderate degree of dehydration, besides a slight pain on palpation in the epigastric region. Hematological examinations included blood counts, blood urea, creatinine, and alkaline phosphatase. A moderate degree of polycythemia was observed, which may be explained by the dehydration caused by the episodes of vomiting. The patient had frequent episodes of vomiting after the reported event and was then referred to the diagnostic imaging sector. During the sonographic examination, a concave echogenic interface associated with a posterior acoustic shadowing was observed in the region of the stomach. The animal was sent for simple radiographs and positive contrast based on barium sulfate due to the suspicion of the presence of a foreign body. On simple radiography, in the left laterolateral view, a little radiopaque structure of circular format with poor definition was observed in the pyloric region. After the simple radiography, approximately 10 mL of barium sulfate contrast was administered orally followed by a new left lateral radiographic imaging. On performing sequenced radiographs, a discrete barium contrast contour, oval in structure, located in the pyloric region was observed, even after gastric emptying for about 1 h, reinforcing the clinical suspicion of cajarana stone ingestion. In view of these results, the animal underwent a gastrostomy for the removal of cajarana, which measured about 2.5 cm in diameter. After the surgical procedure, the animal had a good clinical recovery.Discussion: The history of the animal along with clinical signs and imaging tests are of great assistance in the investigation of gastric foreign bodies. The most common type of foreign bodies found in the gastrointestinal tract of small animals are bones, but other atypical structures may also be found, as shown in this report. Radiography (simple and with contrast) is an imaging method widely used in veterinary medicine because of its low cost and clinical accessibility. It is important for the investigation of gastrointestinal obstructions, being of fundamental importance in the management of this case. Ultrasound examination also provides crucial information when foreign bodies are suspected since the formation of intense posterior acoustic shadow (described in this case) is one of the characteristic findings of this condition. Finally, the associated radiography and ultrasonography as diagnostic imaging for the investigation of foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract complement each other. Depending on the nature of the foreign body, a single imaging examination may not be satisfactory to suggest the presence of a foreign body with certainty

ANÁLISES BROMATOLÓGICAS DE ONZE CULTIVARES DE MANDIOCA

This experiment was carried through with objective to evaluate bromatologicament the aerial part and the root of 11 (eleven) to cultivate of cassava, thus determining information for the animal consumption. The experiment was developed in the Experimental Station "Felipe Camarão" pertaining to Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Rio Grande do Norte S/A - EMPARN, situated in São Gonçalo do Amarante - RN. The following variable had been evaluated: Dry substance, mineral substance, organic substance and rude protein, of the root and aerial part and fiber in acid detergent, fiber in neutral detergent, etéreo extract, insoluble nitrogen in acid detergent, insoluble protein in acid detergent,, total carbohidrates and not-fiber carbohidrates only of the aerial part of the cassava. The used experimental delineation block-type complete was casualizados, with four repetitions. The experimental treatments had been the following ones to cultivate of cassava, proceeding from the Experimental Stations of da EMEPA, EMBRAPA Mandioca e Fruticultura, EMPARN: Cigana Preta, Surrão, Pão da Tarde, Manteiga, Salangó, Osso Duro, Amazonas, Eucalipto, Monge, Bahia Preta e Bravo Preto. It concludes that we must limit the consumption of the aerial part of any to cultivate of the cassava the what concerns amount of indigestível fiber. On the other hand, to cultivate studied them present an excellent Rude Protein concentration. To cultivate Brave if it detaches for presenting one high amount of protein (12.88%)

Isotherms and isostatic heat of foam-mat dried yellow mombin pulp

ABSTRACT Yellow mombin has high nutritional value but is very perishable. Foam mat drying is a method that has been widely used to preserve liquid and semi-solid powdered foods. In this context, the aim of this study was to determine desorption isotherms and isosteric heat of yellow mombin (Spondias mombin L.) foam for different conditions of temperature and water activity. Powdered yellow mombin pulp was obtained by drying in forced-air oven regulated to 60 ° C. The indirect static method was used to determine the isotherms and isosteric heat, whereas water activity (aw) was determined using the Hygropalm-HP23AW-A analyzer. A B.O.D. incubator, set at 10, 20, 30 and 40 °C, was used to control the temperature, and the water activity for each temperature was between 0.220 and 0.832. The experimental data were fitted to mathematical models frequently used to represent the hygroscopicity of agricultural products, and the best model was the Modified Halsey. Integral isosteric heat of desorption of yellow mombin powder, within the water content range of 17.22 to 57.58 (% d.b.), ranged from 3198.56 to 2598.38 kJ kg-1. It was concluded that the equilibrium water content of yellow mombin pulp powder increased with the increment in water activity; desorption isotherms obtained for yellow mombin pulp powder showed sigmoid form and, with the reduction of water content, the isosteric heat increases

Utilization of the co-product of jaboticaba (Myrciaria jaboticaba Berg.) for pectin extraction

Pectin is a polysaccharide that can be applied to various food industry products to modify the viscosity of food. The objective of this work was to optimize the extraction of pectin of jabuticaba peel by modificating the yield, galacturonic acid content (AUA), esterification content (DE), pectin content (P), and neutral sugars (N). The experiment was performed using the technique of factorial planning of complete experiments and surface response analysis. The extraction can be reported through factorial planning with coefficients of determination (R²) of 0.92, 0.91, 0.89, 0.88 and 0.90 for the yield extraction, AUA, DE, P, and N, respectively. The content of AUA ranged from 22.82 to 65.35%, the DE varied from 26.72 to 77.50%, the percentage of P found in the extraction 25.50 to 66.12%. The best performance was verified utilizing the following parameters: extraction time less than 75 min, temperature of 70°C, and citric acid concentration of 0.75 mol.L-1.A pectina é um polissacarídeo que pode ser aplicado a vários produtos da indústria de alimentos para modificar a viscosidade dos alimentos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi otimizar a extração de pectina da casca de jabuticaba, modificando o rendimento, o teor de ácido galacturônico (TAG), o teor de esterificação (TE), o teor de pectina (P) e os açúcares neutros (AN). O experimento foi realizado utilizando a técnica de planejamento fatorial de experimentos completos e análise de resposta superficial. A extração pode ser relatada através de planejamento fatorial com coeficientes de determinação (R²) de 0,92, 0,91, 0,89, 0,88 e 0,90 para a extração de rendimento, TAG, T, P e AN, respectivamente. O conteúdo de TAG variou de 22,82 a 65,35%, o TE variou de 26,72 a 77,50%, a porcentagem de P encontrada na extração de 25,50 a 66,12%. O melhor desempenho foi verificado utilizando os seguintes parâmetros: tempo de extração inferior a 75 min, temperatura de 70 ° C e concentração de ácido cítrico de 0,75 mol. L-1.La pectina es un polisacárido que se puede aplicar a varios productos en la industria alimentaria para modificar la viscosidad de los alimentos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue optimizar la extracción de pectina de la corteza de jabuticaba, modificando el rendimiento, el contenido de ácido galacturónico (TAG), el contenido de esterificación (TE), el contenido de pectina (P) y los azúcares neutros (AN). El experimento se llevó a cabo utilizando la técnica de diseño factorial de experimentos completos y análisis de respuesta superficial. La extracción se puede informar a través del diseño factorial con coeficientes de determinación (R²) de 0.92, 0.91, 0.89, 0.88 y 0.90 para la extracción de rendimiento, TAG, T, P y AN, respectivamente. El contenido de TAG varió de 22.82 a 65.35%, el TE varió de 26.72 a 77.50%, el porcentaje de P encontrado en la extracción de 25.50 a 66.12%. El mejor rendimiento se verificó utilizando los siguientes parámetros: tiempo de extracción inferior a 75 min, temperatura de 70 ° C y concentración de ácido cítrico de 0,75 mol. L-1

Displasia Occipital Em Cão Poodle

The occipital dysplasia has been characterized by a dorsal enlargement of the foramen magnum which can vary in size and shape. Clinical signs may be present or not in animals with occipital dysplasia. The purpose of this study was to diagnose the occipital dysplasia of a dog, correlating the clinical signs to radiographic findings. It can be concluded that radiographic exam is enough to diagnose occipital dysplasia.A displasia occipital tem sido caracterizada por um alargamento dorsal do forame magno que pode variar em tamanho e forma. Os sinais clínicos podem estar presentes ou não em animais com displasia occipital. O objetivo deste estudo foi diagnosticar a displasia occipital de um cão, correlacionando os sinais clínicos aos achados radiográficos. Pode-se concluir que o exame radiográfico é suficiente para diagnosticar a displasia occipital

Physical-chemical characterization of yellow mombin (Spondias mombin L.) foam-mat drying at different temperatures

The objective of this work was to perform foam-mat drying of yellow mombin pulp, verifying the kinetics and mathematical modeling of the process, and characterizing the obtained product with respect to physical and chemical characteristics, compared with the fresh pulp. Foam-mat drying was carried out with the aid of the foam agent Emustab®, at temperatures of 50, 60, 70 and 80 °C. The drying data were analyzed and fitted to four mathematical models (Wang & Singh, Verma, Page and Midilli). Effective diffusion coefficient and activation energy were determined. Titratable acidity, pH, soluble solids content and vitamin C content, as well as the solubility in water of yellow mombin powder and color variance (L*, a*, b*) were analyzed in both fresh and dehydrated pulp. The Wang & Singh model showed best fit at the temperature of 50 °C, whereas the Midilli model showed the best mathematical fit at temperatures of 60, 70 and 80 °C. Net diffusion coefficient and activation energy values were proportional to the drying temperature. Drying of the foam at 60 °C indicated guarantee of quality of yellow mombin pulp with respect to titratable acidity, pH and color of the a* coordinate.Objetivou-se realizar a secagem da polpa dos frutos de cajá em camada de espuma, verificando a cinética e modelagem matemática do processo, e caracterizar o produto obtido quanto às características físicas e químicas, sendo estas comparadas à polpa in natura. A secagem foi realizada em camada de espuma, com auxílio do agente espumante emustab, nas temperaturas de 50, 60, 70 e 80 °C. Os dados da secagem foram analisados e ajustados por quatro modelos matemáticos (Wang e Singh, Verma, Page e Midilli). Foram determinados o coeficiente de difusão efetiva e energia de ativação. Na polpa in natura e desidratada foram analisados o teor de acidez titulável, pH, teor de sólidos solúveis e teor de vitamina C, assim como a solubilidade em água do pó de cajá e análise de variância da cor (coordenadas de L*, a* e b*). O modelo Wang e Singh indicou melhor ajuste para a temperatura de 50 °C e o modelo de Midilli demonstrou o melhor ajuste matemático para as temperaturas de 60, 70 e 80 °C. Os valores do coeficiente de difusão líquida e energia de ativação foram proporcionais à temperatura de secagem. A secagem da espuma a 60 °C indicou garantia da qualidade da polpa do cajá para acidez titulável, pH e coloração da coordenada de a*