DIÁLOGOS SÓCIO-JURÍDICOS DO MOVIMENTO FEMINISTA INSERIDO NO MOVIMENTO DOS TRABALHADORES RURAIS SEM-TERRA

O presente plano de trabalho inaugurou-se como um projeto para identificar as diversas nuances do feminismo dentro do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra na Bahia, mais especificamente no agreste baiano, tendo como lócus principal de estudo - devido às demandas - o Assentamento da Reforma Agrária Cinco de Maio, na Fazenda Nova Suíca, localizada no município baiano de Santo Amaro e o Acampamento Estrela Vive, localizado na Fazenda do Mocó, no município de Feira de Santana

Evidência de acesso lexical não seletivo em crianças de uma escola bilíngue português-inglês

The issue of language selectivity regarding lexical access of bilingual adults has been thoroughly reported in the literature. However, studies with bilingual children are still limited, especially in the Brazilian context, where the number of bilingual schools has been increasing rapidly in the last few years. To fill this gap, the present study was conducted with the goal of investigating whether the same cognate facilitation effect reported for bilingual adults is also true for bilingual children. To do so, two experiments were carried out. In Experiment 1, 53 Portuguese-speaking (L1) children learning English as a second language (L2) from 3rdand 7thgrade completed lexical decision tasks, which included cognates, noncognates and pseudowords, in both Portuguese and English. In Experiment 2, 18 age-matched English monolinguals performed the English version of the lexical decision task. The results of Experiment 1 showed that the cognate effect was evident for both 3rdand 7thgraders, when the task was performed in the L2. However, no statistical difference between the two grades was found. When performing the task in the L1, the bilingual groups showed no cognate effect, which suggests that these participants had not reached a level of proficiency in which the L2 can influence L1 processing. The results of Experiment 2 showed no cognate facilitation effect for monolinguals, indicating that the results of the early L2 learners, in the English version of the lexical decision task, were indeed due to the cognate status of the words of the bilingual'stwo languages. In short, the present results favor the nonselective view of lexical access and the effect of proficiency in the perception of cross language similarity.A questão da seletividade da língua no acesso lexical de adultos bilíngues tem sido amplamenterelatada na literatura. No entanto, estudos com crianças bilíngues ainda são limitados, principalmente no contexto brasileiro, no qual o número de escolas bilíngues tem aumentado rapidamente nos últimos anos. Para preencher essa lacuna, o presente estudo teve com o objetivo investigar se o mesmo efeito de facilitação cognata relatado no caso de adultos bilíngues também é verdadeiro para crianças bilíngues. Para isso, dois experimentos foram conduzidos. No Experimento 1, um total de 53 crianças falantes nativas de português (L1) aprendendo o inglês como segunda língua (L2), de 3ª e 7ª série, realizaram uma tarefa de decisão lexical que continha cognatos, não-cognatos e pseudopalavras, tanto em português como em inglês. No Experimento 2, 18 monolíngues falantes de inglês realizaram a tarefa de decisão lexical na versão em inglês. Os resultados do Experimento 1 mostraram que o efeito cognato foi evidente para os dois grupos de bilíngues quando a tarefa foi realizada na L2-inglês, embora não tenha sido encontrada diferença estatística entre as séries. Ao realizar a tarefa na L1, os grupos bilíngues não apresentaram efeito cognato, o que indica que esses participantes não atingiram um nível de proficiência em que a L2 pode influenciar o processamento da L1. Os resultados do Experimento 2 mostraram que não houve efeito de facilitação cognata para os monolíngues, indicando que os resultados dos aprendizes precoces de L2, na versão em inglês da tarefa de decisão lexical foram, realmente, devido ao status de cognato das palavras das duas línguas dos bilíngues. Em suma, os presentes resultados favorecem a visão não seletiva do acesso lexical e o efeito da proficiência na percepção da similaridade entre línguas

Antiproliferative activity of neem leaf extracts obtained by a sequential pressurized liquid extraction

Azadirachta indica A. Juss (neem) extracts have been used in pharmaceutical applications as antitumor agents, due to their terpenes and phenolic compounds. To obtain extracts from neem leaves with potential antiproliferative effect, a sequential process of pressurized liquid extraction was carried out in a fixed bed extractor at 25◦C and 100 bar, using hexane (SH), ethyl acetate (SEA), and ethanol (SE)assolvents. Extractions using only ethanol(EE) was also conducted to compare the characteristics of the fractionated extracts. The results obtained by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry suggested a higher concentration of terpenes in the SEA extract in comparison to SH, SE, and EE extracts. Therefore, antiproliferative activity showed that SEA extracts were the most efficient inhibitor to human tumor cells MCF-7, NCI-H460, HeLa, and HepG2. Hepatocellular cells were more resistant to SH, SEA, SE, and EE compared to breast, lung, hepatocellular, and cervical malignant cells. Neem fractioned extracts obtained in the present study seem to be more selective for malignant cells compared to the non-tumor cells.Klebson Silva Santos thanks CAPES (Process: PDSE 99999.003409/15-5) for the financial support during his Ph.D. studies in Portugal. Authors are grateful to CAPES, and FAPITEC (EDITAL CAPES/FAPITEC Nº 11/2016–PROEF/Processo de AUXPE 88881.157437/2017-01) for the financial support. The study was also carried out with financial support from FEDER, under the Partnership Agreement PT2020.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Antiproliferative activity of neem leaf extracts obtained by a sequential pressurized liquid extraction

Azadirachta indica A. Juss (neem) extracts have been used in pharmaceutical applications as antitumor agents, due to their terpenes and phenolic compounds. To obtain extracts from neem leaves with potential antiproliferative effect, a sequential process of pressurized liquid extraction was carried out in a fixed bed extractor at 25◦C and 100 bar, using hexane (SH), ethyl acetate (SEA), and ethanol (SE)assolvents. Extractions using only ethanol(EE) was also conducted to compare the characteristics of the fractionated extracts. The results obtained by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry suggested a higher concentration of terpenes in the SEA extract in comparison to SH, SE, and EE extracts. Therefore, antiproliferative activity showed that SEA extracts were the most efficient inhibitor to human tumor cells MCF-7, NCI-H460, HeLa, and HepG2. Hepatocellular cells were more resistant to SH, SEA, SE, and EE compared to breast, lung, hepatocellular, and cervical malignant cells. Neem fractioned extracts obtained in the present study seem to be more selective for malignant cells compared to the non-tumor cells.Klebson Silva Santos thanks CAPES (Process: PDSE 99999.003409/15-5) for the financial support during his Ph.D. studies in Portugal. Authors are grateful to CAPES, and FAPITEC (EDITAL CAPES/FAPITEC Nº 11/2016–PROEF/Processo de AUXPE 88881.157437/2017-01) for the financial support. The study was also carried out with financial support from FEDER, under the Partnership Agreement PT2020.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and intelligence quotients in the offspring at 8years of age: Findings from the ALSPAC cohort

© 2017 The Authors. Maternal & Child Nutrition Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd Dietary intake during pregnancy may influence child neurodevelopment and cognitive function. This study aims to investigate the associations between dietary patterns obtained in pregnancy and intelligence quotients (IQ) among offspring at 8years of age. Pregnant women enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children completed a food frequency questionnaire at 32weeks' gestation (n=12,195). Dietary patterns were obtained by cluster analysis. Three clusters best described women's diets during pregnancy: “fruit and vegetables,” “meat and potatoes,” and “white bread and coffee.” The offspring's IQ at 8years of age was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. Models, using variables correlated to IQ data, were performed to impute missing values. Linear regression models were employed to investigate associations between the maternal clusters and IQ in childhood. Children of women who were classified in the meat and potatoes cluster and white bread and coffee cluster during pregnancy had lower average verbal (β=−1.74;

Toxicological effects of the rare earth element neodymium in Mytilus galloprovincialis

The wide range of applications of rare earth elements (REE) is leading to their occurrence in worldwide aquatic environments. Among the most popular REE is Neodymium (Nd), being widely used in permanent magnets, lasers, and glass additives. Neodymium–iron–boron (NdFeB) magnets is the main application of Nd since they are used in electric motors, hard disk drives, speakers and generators for wind turbines. Recent studies have already evaluated the toxic potential of different REE, but no information is available on the effects of Nd towards marine bivalves. Thus, the present study evaluated the biochemical alterations caused by Nd in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to this element for 28 days. The results obtained clearly demonstrated that Nd was accumulated by mussels, leading to mussel’s metabolic capacity increase and GLY expenditure, in an attempt to fuel up defense mechanisms. Antioxidant and biotransformation defenses were insufficient in the elimination of ROS excess, resulting from the presence of Nd and increased electron transport system activity, which caused cellular damages (measured by lipid peroxidation) and loss of redox balance (assessed by the ratio between reduced and oxidized glutathione). The results obtained clearly highlight the potential toxicity of REEs and, in particular of Nd, with impacts at cellular level, which may have consequences in mussel’s survival, growth and reproduction, affecting mussel’s population.publishe

The Role of Gender Inequality and Health Expenditure on the Coverage of Demand for Family Planning Satisfied by Modern Contraceptives: A Multilevel Analysis of Cross-Sectional Studies in 14 LAC Countries

BACKGROUND: Despite international efforts to improve reproductive health indicators, little attention is paid to the contributions of contextual factors to modern contraceptive coverage, especially in the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region. This study aimed to identify the association between country-level Gender Inequality and Health Expenditure with demand for family planning satisfied by modern contraceptive methods (DFPSm) in Latin American sexually active women. METHODS: Our analyses included data from the most recent (post-2010) Demographic and Health Survey or Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey from 14 LAC countries. Descriptive analyses and multilevel logistic regressions were performed. Six individual-level factors were included. The effect of the country-level factors Gender Inequality Index (GII) and Current Health Expenditure on DFPSm was investigated. FINDINGS: DFPSm ranged from 41.8% (95% CI: 40.2-43.5) in Haiti to 85.6% (95% CI: 84.9-86.3) in Colombia, with an overall median coverage of 77.8%. A direct association between the odds of DFPSm and woman\u27s education, wealth index, and the number of children was identified. Women from countries in the highest GII tertile were less likely (OR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.13-0.76) to have DFPSm than those living in countries in the lowest tertile. INTERPRETATION: Understanding the contribution of country-level factors to modern contraception may allow macro-level actions focused on the population\u27s reproductive needs. In this sense, country-level gender inequalities play an important role, as well as individual factors such as wealth and education. FUNDING: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva (ABRASCO)

Discriminative capacity and construct validity of the Clock Drawing Test in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's disease

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric and diagnostic properties of the Clock Drawing Test (CDT), scored according to the Babins, Rouleau, and Cahn scoring systems, for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) screening, and develop corresponding cutoff scores. Additionally, we assessed the construct validity of the CDT through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. METHODS: We developed a cross-sectional study of ambulatory MCI and AD patients, divided in two clinical groups (450 MCI and 250 mild AD patients) and a normal control group (N = 400). All participants were assessed with the CDT, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) for convergent validity. RESULTS: The selected scoring systems presented adequate validity and reliability values. The proposed cutoff scores showed 60 to 65% sensitivity and 58 to 62% specificity to identify MCI patients. The corresponding values for AD were 84 to 90% sensitivity and 76 to 78% specificity. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the Babins scoring system had good construct validity and allowed us to propose a three-factor model for this system. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirmed the complexity of the CDT and support it as a cognitive screening instrument particularly sensitive to AD. The use of the CDT with MCI patients should be interpreted with more caution due to the lower sensitivity and specificity for milder forms of cognitive impairment.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Cultura organizacional e o bem-estar dos terapeutas ocupacionais Portugueses

Mestrado em Gestão e Avaliação de Tecnologias em SaúdeO comportamento individual e organizacional são influenciados pela cultura organizacional que configura as formas distintas de expressão e de interação social, que explicam hábitos, costumes e crenças, partilhados pelos membros do mesmo grupo. O presente estudo tem como objetivo principal verificar se a cultura organizacional influencia o bem-estar no trabalho percecionado pelos terapeutas ocupacionais. Pretende-se ainda perceber se as características pessoais e profissionais destes profissionais de saúde, influenciam o seu Bem-Estar no Trabalho. Por último, pretende-se identificar a dimensão que mais contribui para o Bem-Estar no Trabalho. Para a recolha de dados foi realizada por meio de um questionário online constituído por duas secções: a primeira incluiu o Organizacional Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI) e a segunda, o questionário Bem-Estar no Trabalho para Profissionais de Saúde (BET-Prof.Saúde). A análise dos dados obtidos foi realizada através de análise estatística descritiva de tendência central, por meio do cálculo de frequências, percentagens, médias e desvio padrão, de modo a poder-se caracterizar a amostra e de testes paramétricos (T-Student, Correlação de Spearman, Oneway A-Nova). Foi ainda utilizada a Regressão Linear para análise do modelo de Bem-Estar no Trabalho. Obteve-se uma amostra de 147 participantes, dos quais 88% eram do sexo feminino e 22% do sexo masculino, com idade compreendida entre os 22 e os 63 anos (m=35,20; ± dp=9,648). Tendo em conta os resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que a cultura organizacional, mais precisamente as culturas de Clã e Adocrática, estão associadas positivamente a melhores níveis de Bem-Estar no Trabalho e que o inverso acontece quando predominam as culturas Hierárquica e de Mercado. As dimensões Engagement, Suporte Social e Clima de Equipa, podem ser influenciadas pelas características profissionais dos indivíduos (local de trabalho, tipo de contrato e função de chefia) e são as que mais se relacionam de forma positiva e significativa com o Bem-Estar no Trabalho.ABSTRACT - Individual and organizational behavior are influenced by the organizational culture that shapes the different forms of expression and social interaction that explain habits, customs, and beliefs shared by members of the same group. The main objective of this study is to verify if the organizational culture influences the well-being of work perceived by the occupational therapists. It is also intended to understand if the personal and professional characteristics of these health professionals influence their well-being at work. Finally, it is intended to identify the dimension that contributes most to Well-being at Work. Data collection was done through an online questionnaire consisting of two sections: the first included the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI) and the second, the questionnaire Bem-Estar no Trabalho para Profissionais de Saúde (BET-Prof.saúde). The analysis of the data obtained was performed through a descriptive statistical analysis of central tendency, by means of the calculation of frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviation, in order to be able to characterize the sample and of parametric tests (T-Student, Spearman Correlation, Oneway A-Nova). Linear Regression was also used to analyze the well-being model at work. A sample of 147 participants was obtained, of which 88% were female and 22% male, aged between 22 and 63 years (m = 35,20; ± DP = 9,648). Considering the results obtained, it was concluded that the organizational culture, more precisely the cultures of Clã and Adhocratic, is positively associated with better levels of well-being at work and that the opposite occurs when Hierarchical and Market cultures predominate. The Engagement, Social Support, and Team Climate dimensions can be influenced by the individual’s professional characteristics (workplace, type of contract, and leadership role) and are the ones that are most positively and significantly related to Well-being at work.N/