Determinação da média aritmética e desvio padrão de quocientes de séries independentes e dependentes

The authors prove some approximate formulas for the computation of the mean and the standard error of quotients of two variates, correlated or uncorrelated, with not too high coefficient of variation. The formulas obtained are subsequently applied to some date on mensuration of horses of the Brazilian breed Mangalarga, by the eclectic system of LESBRE. The relsults obtained directly by the actual computation of the quotients as well as by means of the formulas with the aid of statistics of the numerators and the denominators are given in table 3, showing excellent agreement

Comparison of fusobacterium nucleatum and porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharides clinically isolated from root canal infection in the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion

The aim of this study was to compare the biological activity of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) purified from Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis strains, both isolated from primary endodontic infection (PEI) in the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α released by macrophage cells. Moreover, LPS was purified from F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis American Type Collection (ATCC) and its biological activity was compared to respectively clinical isolates strains. F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis strains clinically isolated from PEI had their identification confirmed by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. LPS from F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis and their respective ATCC strains were extracted by using Tri-reagent method. Macrophages (Raw 264.7) were stimulated with LPS at 100 ng/mL for 4, 8 and 12 h. Secretion of IL-1 β and TNF-α was also determined. Paired t-test, repeated measures ANOVA and one-way ANOVA were employed. All LPS induced significant production of IL-1β and TNF-α, with the former being secreted at higher levels than the latter in all time-points. F. nucleatum induced a higher expression of both cytokines compared to P. gingivalis (p<0.05). No differences were observed between clinical and ATCC strains, as both presented the same potential to induce pro-inflammatory response. It was concluded that F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis LPS presented different patterns of activation against macrophages as seen by the IL-1β and TNF-α production, which may contribute to the immunopathogenesis of apical periodontitis. Moreover, clinical and ATCC strains grown under the same in vitro environment conditions presented similar biological activity272202207CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP302575/2009-0; 150557/2011-6; 308162/2014-510/19136-1; 10/17877- 4; 11/50051-5; 11/50510-0; 11/09047-4O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a atividade biológica de lipopolissacarídeos (LPS) purificados a partir de linhagens de Fusobacterium nucleatum e Porphyromonas gingivalis, ambas isoladas de infecções endodônticas primárias (IEP) nos níveis de IL-1β e TNF-α produzidos por macrófagos. Adicionalmente, LPS foi purificado de F. nucleatum e P. gingivalis "American Type Collection" (ATCC) e sua atividade comparada às respectivas linhagens clinicamente isoladas. Linhagens de F. nucleatum e P. gingivalis isoladas clinicamente de IEP tiveram sua identificação confirmada por sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA. LPS de F. nucleatum e P. gingivalis e das respectivas linhagens foram extraídos com o uso do método "Tri-reagent". Macrófagos (Raw 264.7) foram estimulados com LPS a 100 ng/mL por 4, 8 e 12 h. A secreção de IL-1β e de TNF-α foi determinada. Foram usados os testes t-pareado, ANOVA de medidas repetidas e ANOVA de um fator. Todos os LPS induziram a produção significante de IL-1β e TNF-α, sendo o primeiro secretado em mais altas concentrações que o último em todos os tempos avaliados. F. nucleatum induziu uma maior expressão de ambas as citocinas comparativamente ao P. gingivalis (p<0,05). Não foram observadas diferenças entre as linhagens clínica e ATCC, uma vez que ambas apresentaram o mesmo potencial de indução da resposta pró-inflamatória. Conclui-se que F. nucleatum e P. gingivalis possuem diferentes padrões de ativação dos macrófagos, como visto pela produção de IL-1β e TNF-α, o que pode contribuir para a imunopatogênese da periodontite apical. Ainda, linhagens clínica e ATCC mantidas no mesmo ambiente in vitro apresentaram ativação biológica semelhant

Phylogeography and conservation genetics of the Amazonian freshwater stingray Paratrygon aiereba Müller & Henle, 1841 (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae)

The family Potamotrygonidae is monophyletic comprising three genera: Paratrygon Duméril, Potamotrygon Garman and Plesiotrygon Rosa, Castello & Thorson. The distribution of most species in this family is restricted to a single basin or fluvial system. Only Potamotrygon motoro, Potamotrygon orbignyi and Paratrygon aiereba are found in more than one river basin. In this study we investigate genetic structuring of Paratrygon aiereba, from five rivers of the Amazon region: Negro, Solimões- Amazon-Estuary system, Tapajós, Xingu and Araguaia. Sixty-three individuals were sequenced for ATPase 6, and a representative subsample of 27 individuals was sequenced for COI. The COI dataset analysis indicated that Paratrygon is sister to all other potamotrygonid genera and species. Population parameters inferred from the analysis of ATPase 6 sequences revealed that the populations of this species are structured within each river, with no or nearly non-existent gene flow occurring between rivers and a positive correlation between geographic and genetic distances. Paratrygon aiereba is comprised of three geographically restricted clades with K2P interclade distances of at least 2%. Intraspecific divergence within P. aiereba is similar to the interspecific divergence observed in Potamotrygon spp. sampled throughout the same geographic area. Using the premises of COI barcoding and the allopatric distribution of the three P. aiereba clades, the taxon P. aiereba most likely comprises three distinct biological species. Since freshwater stingrays of the family Potamotrygonidae are highly exploited for the aquarium trade, management and conservation strategies need to be implemented at the level of each river basin, rather than at the level of the Amazon basin. © 2012 Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia

CORDATA: an open data management web application to select corrosion inhibitors

The large amount of corrosion inhibition efficiencies in literature, calls for a more efficient way to organize, access and compare this information. The CORDATA open data management application (https://datacor.shinyapps.io/cordata/) can help select appropriate corrosion inhibitors for application specific challenges.publishe

The Halogen Effect on the Magnetic Behaviour of Dimethylformamide Solvates in [Fe(halide-salEen)2]BPh4

Funding Research was funded by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT): projects UIDB/00100/2020, UIDP/00100/2020, LA/P/0056/2020, UIDB/04046/2020, UIDP/04046/2020, UIDB/50006/2020, UIDP/50006/2020 and LA/P/0008/2020, UIDB/04378/2020, UIDP/04378/2020, and LA/P/0140/2020, PTDC/QUI-QFI/29236/2017, PTDCQUI-QIN0252_2021, CEECIND/00509/2017; Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS): PDR T.0095.21); Portugal2020: CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000018; Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC): R21-7511142525. Acknowledgments Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE) and Institute of Molecular Sciences (IMS) acknowledge the financial support of Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT): Projects UIDB/00100/2020, UIDP/00100/2020, and LA/P/0056/2020, respectively. BioISI acknowledges FCT for financial support (UIDB/04046/2020, UIDP/04046/2020). This work was supported by the FNRS (PDR T.0095.21). Clara S. B. Gomes acknowledges the Associate Laboratory for Green Chemistry—LAQV, the Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit—UCIBIO and Associated Laboratory i4HB, which are financed by national funds from FCT (UIDB/50006/2020, UIDP/50006/2020 and LA/P/0008/2020, UIDB/04378/2020 and UIDP/04378/2020, and LA/P/0140/2020, respectively). Sónia Barroso thanks project SmartBioR for financial support (CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000018)and Centro de Química Estrutural for the access to crystallography facilities. Nuno A. G. Bandeira gratefully acknowledges the NanoBioSolutions FCT grant PTDC/QUI-QFI/29236/2017 for the computational infrastructure. Paulo N. Martinho thanks FCT and RSC for financial support (grants PTDCQUI-QIN0252_2021 and R21-7511142525). Paulo N. Martinho also thanks FCT for the contract CEECIND/00509/2017.Complexes [Fe(X-salEen)2]BPh4·DMF, with X = Br (1), Cl (2), and F (3), were crystallised from N,N′-dimethylformamide with the aim of understanding the role of a high boiling point N,N′-dimethylformamide solvate in the spin crossover phenomenon. The counter ion was chosen for only being able to participate in weak intermolecular interactions. The compounds were structurally characterised by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 crystallised in the orthorhombic space group P212121, and complexes 2 and 3 in the monoclinic space group P21/n. Even at room temperature, low spin was the predominant form, although complex 2 exhibited the largest proportion of the high-spin species according to both the magnetisation measurements and the Mössbauer spectra. Density Functional Theory calculations were performed both on the periodic solids and on molecular models for complexes 1–3 and the iodide analogue 4. While all approaches reproduced the experimental structures very well, the energy balance between the high-spin and low-spin forms was harder to reproduce, though some calculations pointed to the easier spin crossover of complex 2, as observed. Periodic calculations with the functional PBE led to very similar ΔEHS-LS values for all complexes but showed a preference for the low-spin form. However, the single-point calculations with B3LYP* showed, for the model without solvate, that the Cl complex should undergo spin crossover more easily. The molecular calculations also reflected this fact, which was more clearly defined when the cation–anion–solvate model was used. In the other models there was not much difference between the Cl, Br, and I complexes.publishersversionpublishe

Characterization of Plasma Labile Heme in Hemolytic Conditions

The deposited article is the accepted manuscript (post-print version) posted online 7 August 2017 and provided by The Febs Journal. This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. The deposited article version contains attached the supplementary materials within the pdf. This publication hasn't any creative commons license associated, although it is in open access.Extracellular hemoglobin (Hb), a byproduct of hemolysis, can release its prosthetic heme groups upon oxidation. This produces metabolically active heme that is exchangeable between acceptor proteins, macromolecules and low molecular weight ligands, termed here labile heme. As it accumulates in plasma labile heme acts in a pro-oxidant manner and regulates cellular metabolism while exerting pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects that foster the pathogenesis of hemolytic diseases. Here we developed and characterized a panel of heme-specific single domain antibodies (sdAbs) that together with a cellular-based heme reporter assay, allow for quantification and characterization of labile heme in plasma during hemolytic conditions. Using these approaches we demonstrate that labile heme generated during hemolytic conditions is bound to plasma molecules with an affinity higher than 10(-7) M and that 2-8% (~2-5 μM) of the total amount of heme detected in plasma can be internalized by bystander cells, i.e. bioavailable heme. Acute, but not chronic, hemolysis is associated with transient reduction of plasma heme binding capacity (HBC1/2 ), that is, the ability of plasma molecules to bind labile heme with an affinity higher than 10(-7) M. The heme-specific sdAbs neutralize the pro-oxidant activity of soluble heme in vitro, suggesting that these maybe used to counter the pathologic effects of labile heme during hemolytic conditions. Finally, we show that heme-specific sdAbs can be used to visualize cellular heme. In conclusion, we describe a panel of heme-specific sdAbs that when used with other approaches provide novel insights to the pathophysiology of heme. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia grants: (RECI-IMI-IMU-0038-2012, PTDC/SAU-TOX/116627/2010, HMSP-ICT/0018/2011, SFRH/BD/44828/2008, SFRH/BPD/47477/2008, PTDC/SAU-FAR/119173/2010, IF/01010/2013/CP1183/CT0001); ERC grants: (ERC-2011-AdG 294709-DAMAGECONTROL); NHMRC Senior Principal Research Fellowship: (1003484).info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Distribution of common peroneal nerve in equine fetuses and anatomical description of sites for anesthetic block

Analisou-se a distribuição do nervo fibular comum em 30 fetos de equinos, sem raça definida, provenientes do acervo do Laboratório de Anatomia Animal da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, que foram injetados e conservados em solução aquosa de formaldeído a 10%. Contatou-se que o referido nervo deriva do isquiático, divide-se em nervos fibulares superficial e profundo, distribuindo-se para os músculos extensores lateral e longo do dedo, fibular terceiro e tibial cranial. Traçando-se uma linha imaginária na região médio-lateral da tuberosidade do osso tíbia, o nervo fibular comum pode ser bloqueado em sua parte proximal, no terço caudal, entre o tendão de inserção do músculo bíceps femoral e a face lateral do músculo gastrocnêmio lateral (terço médio); e o nervo fibular profundo, na parte proximal da tíbia, crânio-distalmente ao fibular comum. O bloqueio do nervo fibular superficial pode ser realizado em duas regiões da tíbia: na proximal, considerando-se a linha imaginária, distalmente ao ponto citado para o fibular comum e caudalmente ao descrito para o fibular profundo; e na distal, na face lateral da articulação tíbio-társica, entre os tendões de inserção dos músculos extensores lateral e longo do dedo.Iglesias L.P., Silva F.O.C., Vasconcelos B.G., Ribeiro L.A., Hodniki N.F., Gomes L.R., Miglino M.A. & Melo A.P.F. 2012. [Distribution of common peroneal nerve in equine fetuses and anatomical description of sites for anesthetic block.] Distribuicao do nervo fibular comum em fetos de equinos e descricao anatomica de pontos para bloqueio anestesico. Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira 32(7):672-676. Departamento de Anatomia Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidade Federal de Uberlandia, Rua Ceara s/n, Bloco 2D, Uberlandia, MG 38400-902, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] The distribution of the nervus fibularis communis was analyzed in 30 equine fetuses, mongrel, from the collection of the Animal Anatomy Laboratory at the School of Veterinary Medicine of Universidade Federal de Uberlandia, which were injected and stored in an aqueous solution of 10% formaldehyde. It was found that this nerve emerges from the ischiadicus, divides itself into nervus fibularis profundus and nervus fibularis super ficialis distributing to the musculi extensor digitorum lateralis, extensor digitorum longus, fibularis tertius, and tibialis cranialis. Drawing an imaginary line in the medial-lateral region of the tuberositatis tibia, the nervus fibularis communis may be blocked in its proximal portion, in the caudal third, between the tendon of insertion of the biceps femoris and the lateral side of the musculus gastrocnemius (medium third); and the nervus fibularis profundus may be blocked in the proximal tibia, cranio-distally to the nervus fibularis communis. The block of nervus fibularis profundus may be performed in two regions of the tibia: proximal, considering the imaginary line, distal to the site referred to the nervus fibularis communis, and caudal to that described for the nervus fibularis profundus; and distal, on the lateral side of the tibiotarsal joint, between the tendons of insertion of the musculi extensor digitorum lateralis and extensor digitorum longus

Excluded Volume Effects in the Quark Meson Coupling Model

Excluded volume effects are incorporated in the quark meson coupling model to take into account in a phenomenological way the hard core repulsion of the nuclear force. The formalism employed is thermodynamically consistent and does not violate causality. The effects of the excluded volume on in-medium nucleon properties and the nuclear matter equation of state are investigated as a function of the size of the hard core. It is found that in-medium nucleon properties are not altered significantly by the excluded volume, even for large hard core radii, and the equation of state becomes stiffer as the size of the hard core increases.Comment: 14 pages, revtex, 6 figure

Improving the functionality and performance of AA2024 corrosion sensing coatings with nanocontainers

The compatibility between nanocontainers and coating formulations is perhaps the last frontier in the quest for functional coatings. Sensing coatings for early metallic corrosion detection is an urgently needed technology by aeronautical companies to mitigate the costs of corrosion through continuous monitoring. In this work, we revisit phenolphthalein encapsulated silica nanocapsules, which were incorporated into a water-based lacquer, resulting in a novel corrosion sensing coating for aluminum alloy 2024 with improved functionality and standard performance. The ability of the coatings to detect corrosion by color change was investigated by immersion and salt-spray tests. During these tests, it was clearly demonstrated that encapsulation of the active compound is essential to obtain a functional coating, since the shell of the silica nanocapsules minimizes the detrimental interaction of the active compound with the coating formulation. The compatibility between nanostructured additives and coatings is almost never taken into consideration in the literature. Herein this aspect evidences the positive effects of active agent encapsulation, which is explored in terms of reactivity, viscoelastic properties, curing, thermal stability, release and leaching studies, hardness, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Computer simulations based on the density functional theory and periodic structural models were performed to unveil the interaction mode of phenolphthalein with the metallic surface.This work was developed in the scope of the project CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007679 (Ref. FCT UID/CTM/50011/2013), financed by national funds through the FCT/ MEC and when applicable co-financed by FEDER under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement. This work has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreements No 645662. It was also financed in the framework of the project reference PTDC/QEQQFI/ 4719/2014, Project 3599 – Promover a Produção Científica e Desenvolvimento Tecnológico e a Constituição de Redes Temáticas (3599-PPCDT) and FEDER funds through COMPETE 2020, Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI). The authors also thank financial support from FCT and COMPETE (Programa Investigador FCT). JT thanks FCT for the research grant IF/00347/ 2013.publishe