Diversity of resistance mechanisms in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae at a health care system in Northern California, from 2013 to 2016

The mechanism of resistance in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) has therapeutic implications. We comprehensively characterized emerging mechanisms of resistance in CRE between 2013 and 2016 at a health system in Northern California. A total of 38.7% (24/62) of CRE isolates were carbapenemase gene-positive, comprising 25.0% (6/24) blaOXA-48 like, 20.8% (5/24) blaKPC, 20.8% (5/24) blaNDM, 20.8% (5/24) blaSME, 8.3% (2/24) blaIMP, and 4.2% (1/24) blaVIM. Between carbapenemases and porin loss, the resistance mechanism was identified in 95.2% (59/62) of CRE isolates. Isolates expressing blaKPC were 100% susceptible to ceftazidime–avibactam, meropenem–vaborbactam, and imipenem–relebactam; blaOXA-48 like–positive isolates were 100% susceptible to ceftazidime–avibactam; and metallo β-lactamase–positive isolates were nearly all nonsusceptible to above antibiotics. Carbapenemase gene-negative CRE were 100% (38/38), 92.1% (35/38), 89.5% (34/38), and 31.6% (12/38) susceptible to ceftazidime–avibactam, meropenem–vaborbactam, imipenem–relebactam, and ceftolozane–tazobactam, respectively. None of the CRE strains were identical by whole genome sequencing. At this health system, CRE were mediated by diverse mechanisms with predictable susceptibility to newer β-lactamase inhibitors

Recent and local diversification of Central American understorey palms

Funder: Fondation Ernst et Lucie Schmidheiny; Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100007636Funder: International Association for Plant Taxonomy; Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100020652Funder: International Palm SocietyFunder: Swiss Systematics SocietyAbstract: Aim: Central America is largely covered by hyperdiverse, yet poorly understood, rain forests. Understorey palms are diverse components of these forests, but little is known about their historical assembly. It is not clear when palms in Central America reached present diversity levels and whether most species arrived from neighbouring regions or evolved locally. We addressed these questions using the most species‐rich American palm clades indicative of rain forests. We reconstructed and compared their phylogenomic and biogeographical history with the diversification of 54 other plant lineages, to gain a better understanding of the processes that shaped the assembly of Central American rain forests. Location: Central America. Time period: Cretaceous to present. Major taxa studied: Arecaceae: Arecoideae: Bactridinae, Chamaedoreeae, Geonomateae. Methods: We sampled 218 species through fieldwork and living collections. We sequenced their genomic DNA using target sequence‐capture procedures. Using 12 calibration points, we reconstructed dated phylogenies under three approaches (multispecies coalescent, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference), conducted biogeographical analyses (dispersal–extinction–cladogenesis) and estimated phylogenetic diversity metrics. Results: Dated phylogenies revealed intense diversification in Central America from 12 Ma. Local diversification events were four times more frequent than dispersal events, and we found strong phylogenetic clustering in relationship to Central America. Main conclusions: Our results suggest that most understorey palm species that characterize the Central American rain forests today evolved locally after repeated dispersal events, mostly from South America. Understorey palms in Central American rain forests diversified primarily after closure of the Central American Seaway at c. 13 Ma, suggesting that the Great American Biotic Interchange was a major trigger for plant diversification in Central American rain forests. This recent diversification contrasts with the much earlier existence of rain forest palms in neighbouring South America since c. 58 Ma. We found similar timings of diversification in 54 other seed plant lineages, suggesting an unexpectedly recent assembly of the hyperdiverse Central American flora

Reensamblar el patrimonio jesuítico-guaraní. El debate en Argentina a principios del siglo XX

RESUMEN El artículo propone caracterizar al patrimonio según programas de estudio procedentes de la antropología y la arqueología, en conexión con nuevos enfoques de la historia del arte. Nociones como la agencia, la materialidad y la ontología son importantes para ensayar algunas respuestas ante ciertos dilemas del patrimonio en la Modernidad occidental: el rescate y conservación de restos materiales, como contrapunto de su destrucción y desgaste. En este sentido, es necesario plantear si las consecuencias de estas acciones se deben a la influencia exclusiva de humanos, o además, a la intervención de agentes no humanos, así como las cualidades materiales y los ambientes. La presentación deconstruye el mecanismo del patrimonio mueble, en el cual es factible el traslado de fragmentos en diversos ámbitos. Finalmente, se presenta un caso específico de Argentina: el debate en torno a la tentativa en 1900 de transportar el pórtico procedente de las Ruinas de San Ignacio Miní (en la actual Provincia de Misiones) a un paseo público de Buenos Aires